Involuntary Resettlement - Overview. Transport Forum Washington, D.C. March 30, 2007

Transcription

1 Involuntary Resettlement - Overview Transport Forum Washington, D.C. March 30, 2007

2 OP Triggers Trigger: acquisition of land which displaces people physically and / or economically. Policy applies to involuntary restriction of access to parks and protected areas which adversely affects livelihoods. Policy covers loss of shelter, assets and access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not people must move.

3 Policy Objectives - 1 IR should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where avoidance not feasible, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs. Project affected people should share in project benefits.

4 Policy Objectives - 2 Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to he beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

5 OP 4.12: Instruments Where 200+ persons are affected, a RAP is required Where < 200 persons affected, an abbreviated Plan is required Where precise impacts are not known, a Resettlement Policy Framework is prepared. Process framework is prepared for projects involving restriction of access These instruments are required before appraisal

6 Categories of Affected People & Entitlements Those with formal, legal rights including recognised customary/traditional rights & those who do not have formal legal rights, but have recognised claim. Compensation at replacement cost; livelihood restoration & transitional costs. Tenants: shifting assistance + assurance of livelihood. Squatters/informal land users: compensation for lost structures/assets, (not land) & resettlement assistance. Eligibility determined by cut-off date/baseline survey.

7 Resettlement as Sustainable Development Baseline / diagnostic surveys should identify: socio-economic characteristics; social differentiation, including vulnerable sections of society; be sufficiently quantitative to measure pre- and post-resettlement status; and, employ consultative and participative methods in addition to empirical observations.

8 RAP Key Components 1 Identification of physical & economic impacts Mapping Census Assets inventory Socio-economic baseline survey & analysis Consultation with affected community

9 RAP Key Components 2 Legal framework Compensation framework / eligibility Resettlement assistance & livelihood restoration / development Responsibilities and schedule of payments

10 RAP Key Components 3 Assistance and livelihood restoration/development: selection & preparation of resettlement site(s); environmental screening / management plan. host communities; influx management; schedule & assistance sequencing; services & enterprises; livelihood restoration; vulnerable groups; cultural property.

11 RAP Key Components 4 Budget and implementation schedule, synchronised with project works. Organisational responsibilities / capacity assessment. Information provision, consultation, participation. Grievance redress mechanism(s).

12 RAP Key Components 5 Monitoring & evaluation: Performance monitoring during implementation. Impact monitoring: measuring change. Completion Audit. Closure and sign-off (recommended). Made Available in Local Languages. Disclosure At InfoShop and In-Country.

13 OP 4.12: Process Framework Process framework for projects involving restriction of access: Nature of restriction and measures to mitigate adverse impacts is determined in consultation with the displaced persons Borrower prepares a process framework acceptable to the Bank, describing the participatory process by which: specific components of the project will be prepared and implemented; the criteria for eligibility of displaced persons will be determined; measures to assist the displaced persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods, or at least to restore them, while maintaining g the sustainability of the park or protected area, will be identified; ; and potential conflicts involving displaced persons will be resolved.

14 OP4.12 Urban Context Policy historically has been predominantly applied in rural settings for which there is a land-for for-land preference. Urban universe has different attributes: Income from markets / employment Markets dominate Monitised context Mobility Land markets, etc

15 OP4.12 Urban Resettlement Options & Opportunities Many urban PAPs have: skills & expertise capital networks training & skills upgrading > income flexibility and adaptability more options and opportunities land and labour markets

16 OP4.12 Urban Resettlement Constraints Lack of urban planning / plans Informal / insecure land tenure Proximity to employment / transport costs Dependence on specific locations for commerce or employment Loss of complex social / economic networks and interdependencies, neighbourhoods Expectations are higher / more complex Availability of land for R&R sites