Social and Ethnic Segregation
|
|
- Maryann Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Social and Ethnic Segregation Manifestations, Understanding, Impacts, Responses Seminar on Mobility, Segregation and Neighbourhood Change Tartu, March 2013 Sako Musterd Urban Geography / Urban Studies University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
2 Four issues 1. Segregation research: a changing focus: from classic description and index construction of segregation to analysis of inequality and concentrations; from a focus on residential segregation to analysis in non-residential domains (work, leisure, public space related). 2. How can we understand the variation of inequalities? 3. What can we say about the effects or impacts of urban inequality? 4. What are the typical policy responses to urban inequality in European cities? 2
3 1a Social inequality in selected EU cities; segregation indexes as classic tools for describing urban inequality USA Rochester NY MSA poor USA 100 largest cities poor Antwerp 'poor' USA Portland OR MSA poor Rotterdam 5th quintile Amsterdam 5th quintile Copenhagen 10th decile Milan professionals Sheffield unemployed Leeds unemployed Birmingham unemployed Oslo social assistance Amsterdam 5th quintile metro Rotterdam 1st quintile Lille unemployed vs employed Berlin hh income > 3500 Amsterdam 1st quintile Manchester unemployed Manchester income support Milan blue collar workers Birmingham income support Berlin hh income < 900 Bern unemployed Amsterdam 1st quintile metro Copenhagen 1st quintile
4 These overviews provide much information Low levels and lower in EU than in the US State dependent: higher in Belgium, low in Denmark and the Netherlands City dependent: high in Leeds, lower in Manchester Group dependent: higher levels in higher social classes; lower class in EU still in one system with middle class
5 Social Segregation Patterns (problems with indicator selection, but still information rich) Amsterdam as an example
6 Social Segregation Pattern in 1960 Social rank (pca on classic indicators)
7 Social Segregation Pattern in 2007 University education
8 Social Segregation Pattern in 2007 m 2 Price for Housing
9 Social Segregation Low Medium High Pattern in 2012 test scores for entry in secondary education 9
10 Micro-level Social Segregation Pattern 2011 concentrations high (red) and low (blue) real estate values in housing 10
11 1b Ethnic inequality: classic segregation measures (D) and recent change (difference between years mentioned) Leeds Bangladeshi London Bangladeshi Birmingham Bangladeshi Barcelona Moroccans Leeds Pakistani London Indians London Black Carribean Rotterdam Turks Rotterdam Moroccans Amsterdam Turks Amsterdam Moroccans Birmingham Indians Amsterdam Surinamese Barcelona Peruvians Cologne Turks Rotterdam Surinamese Cologne Yugoslavs Cologne Italians most recent year difference Sources: Arbaci (2007); Friedrichs (1998) ; Malheiros (2002a, b); Martori et al. (2005); Musterd (2005) (1996); Peach (1996); Stillwell & Phillips (2006)
12 Development of index of dissimmilarity in several European cities 12
13 Again these overviews provide much information Varied levels, usually lower in EU than in the US State dependent: higher in UK and Belgium, lower in Germany and the Netherlands City dependent: higher in Leeds, lower in Birmingham Group dependent: higher levels for Bangladeshi, lower for Indian origin.
14 Changing Patterns of Segregation Moroccan origin
15 Moroccan 2011(similar classification relative to average) 15
16 Type of index is relevant: D dissimilarity upper half 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 xpx* isolation lower half 0,20 0, ,00 Surinamese Antillean Turkish Moroccan Surinamese Antillean Turkish Moroccan Amsterdam Rotterdam
17 Micro-level Ethnic Segregation Pattern 2011 concentrations of Moroccan (2-4sd; >4sd) 17
18 Here too, a move away from classic measures of segregation to microlevel data used for constructing concentrations and for describing and analysing them 18
19 Amsterdam, Surinamese origin, 2009, n > 50, > 2sd Concentrations: Surinamese in 2009 Total in the city: (9.09%) N Surinamese per area: >= 50 Perc. Surinamese in concentrations >= concentrations with (total): inhabitants Surinamese (33.6%) 30227: 43.9% of all Surinamese hectares 19
20 Amsterdam, Surinamese origin, 2009, n > 50, > 4sd Concentrations: Surinamese in 2009 Total in the city: (9.09%) N Surinamese per area: >= 50 Perc. Surinamese in concentrations >= concentrations with (total): inhabitants Surinamese (37.6%) 25427: 36.9% of all Surinamese hectares 20
21 Amsterdam, Surinamese origin, 2009, n > 50, > 50% Concentrations: Surinamese in 2009 Total in the city: (9.09%) N Surinamese per area: >= 50 Perc. Surinamese in concentrations >=50% 5 concentrations with (total): 3245 inhabitants 1848 Surinamese (56.9%) 1848: 2.7 % of all Surinamese 27.9 hectares 21
22 Amsterdam, Surinamese origin, 2009, n > 50, > 60% Concentrations: Surinamese in 2009 Total in the city: (9.09%) N Surinamese per area: >= 50 Perc. Surinamese in concentrations >=60% 2 concentrations with (total): 753 inhabitants 469 Surinamese (62.3%) 469: 0.7% of all Surinamese 6.1 hectares 22
23 Concentrations (4sd+) of ethnic categories in Amsterdam = (4/5)*100 7=(4/2)*100 Ethnic category Category s city population Percentage of category in city Category s concentration population Total concentration population Percentage of category in concentrations Category s concentration population relative to category s city population Turkish Moroccan Surinamese Antillean
24 Concentrations (4sd+) of ethnic categories in Amsterdam = (4/5)*100 7=(4/2)*100 Ethnic category Category s city population Percentage of category in city Category s concentration population Total concentration population Percentage of category in concentrations Category s concentration population relative to category s city population Turkish Moroccan Surinamese Antillean
25 Share of four population categories in the city of Amsterdam, , based on country of origin (1st and 2nd generation) (column 3)
26 Concentrations (4sd+) of ethnic categories in Amsterdam = (4/5)*100 7=(4/2)*100 Ethnic category Category s city population Percentage of category in city Category s concentration population Total concentration population Percentage of category in concentrations Category s concentration population relative to category s city population Turkish Moroccan Surinamese Antillean
27 Percentage of each of the population categories relative to total population, in concentrations of these population categories (column 6)
28 Concentrations (4sd+) of ethnic categories in Amsterdam = (4/5)*100 7=(4/2)*100 Ethnic category Category s city population Percentage of category in city Category s concentration population Total concentration population Percentage of category in concentrations Category s concentration population relative to category s city population Turkish Moroccan Surinamese Antillean
29 Percentage of each of the population categories that lives in concentrations of these population categories (column 7) ( )
30 2 Structural How to understand urban inequalities? Globalisation Internationalisation Economic restructuring produces inequality polarisation mismatch Pathways Institutional Path dependency (chain migration); urban structure ((un) fit for current urban economies; multi-layered or single-layered) Welfare regime type and change Other Behaviour, culture, tolerance, discrimination, political discourse, choice 30
31 Context: levels of social inequality, within and between states. Gini-index 2008, black: sharp rise in past decade Lithuania Latvia Portugal Romania Bulgaria United Kingdom Greece Poland Estonia Italy Spain Ireland Germany Belgium France Netherlands Luxembourg Finland Austria Czechia Hungary Denmark Sweden Slovakia
32 Levels of social inequality,
33 Polarisation or integrated social classes share of total income per income decile, The Netherlands,
34 Welfare states and levels of social inequality in European cities residual extensive universal hybrid Source: Domburg 2005 Segregation index low ses 34
35 3 Segregation and concentration receive much attention because of expected negative effects on participation 35
36 Urban inequalities, effects on participation; theory Mechanisms Socialisation, role models, peer groups Stigmatisation Social networks Opportunity for encountering others In Europe, hypotheses Lower levels of segregation small effects Perhaps even positive effects 36
37 Effects of urban inequalities, methods Qualitative in-depth research Quantitative large datasets, longitudinal Both rich in terms of variables Detailed geo-coding available Quantitative research using techniques that make efforts dealing with selection effects Quantitative research enables detection of non-linearities, thresholds, etc. 37
38 Examples of results of some own (co-researched) large-scale longitudinal, individual level studies in Sweden and The Netherlands on the impact of neighbourhood composition (various sizes and compositions (ethnic, social, tenure)) on social outcomes (mostly income) 38
39 A selection of (mostly recent) neighbourhood effect studies (co) authored Musterd, S. (1996) Ruimtelijke segregatie en sociale effecten. Inaugurele rede. Assen: Van Gorcum. Ostendorf, W., S. Musterd & S. de Vos (2001) Social mix and the neighbourhood-effect: policy-ambition and empirical support. Housing Studies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp Musterd, S., W. Ostendorf & S. de Vos (2003) Environmental Effects and Social Mobility. Housing Studies. Vol pp Andersson, R., Musterd, S., Galster, G. and Kauppinen, T. (2007) What Mix Matters? Exploring the Relationships between Individual s Incomes and Different Measures of their Neighbourhood Context. Housing Studies, 22 (5), pp Musterd, S., Andersson, R., Galster, G. and Kauppinen, T. (2008) Are Immigrants Earnings Influenced by the Characteristics of their Neighbours? Environment and Planning A. 40, pp Galster, G., Kauppinen, T., Musterd, S. and Andersson, R. (2008). Does Neighborhood Income Mix Affect Earnings of Adults? A New Approach using Evidence from Sweden. Journal of Urban Economics. 63, pp Musterd, S. (2008) Residents Views on Social Mix: Social Mix, Social Networks and Stigmatisation in Post-war Housing Estates. Urban Studies, Volume 45, No. 4, pp. pp Galster, G., R. Andersson & S. Musterd (2010) Who Is Affected by Neighbourhood Income Mix? Gender, Age, Family, Employment and Income Differences. Urban Studies. 47(14), pp Andersson R. & S. Musterd (2010) What Scale Matters? Exploring the Relationships between Individuals Social Position, Neighbourhood Context and the Scale of Neighbourhood. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 92 (1), pp Sykes, B. & S. Musterd (2011) Examining Neighbourhood and School Effects Simultaneously: What Does the Dutch Evidence Show? Urban Studies, 48(7), pp Musterd, S., Vos, S. de, Das, M. & Latten, J.J. (2012). Neighbourhood Composition and Economic Prospects: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 103(1), Musterd, S., G. Galster & R. Andersson (2012) Temporal dimensions and measurement of neighbourhood effects. Environment and Planning A 44(3) Andersson, R., S. Musterd & G.Galster (2013) Neighbourhood Ethnic Composition Effects On Immigrant Incomes. Accepted by Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 39
40 Sweden 1.Concentrations of low income households have negative effects on individual s social mobility. 2.Effects are generally stronger in metropolitan than in non-metropolitan areas and stronger for males than for females. 3.Own group ethnic concentrations can initially pay dividends for immigrants, but these benefits turn into disadvantages over time, after approx. two years. 4.The impact of other immigrants turned out positive only if unemployment levels are very low. 40
41 Sweden continued 5.For males who are not employed full time, or have a low income, middle income neighbours have a positive marginal impact (relative to either high- or low-income neighbours). 6.Increases in middle-income neighbours will have a negative effect on high-income males if they substitute for high-income neighbours. 7.Smallest scale areas (10,000 m 2 ) have strongest effects. 8.Recent, and continued cumulative exposure yields stronger associations than lagged, temporary ones. 9.There is distinct time decay (but some persistence) in the potential effects after exposure ceases. 41
42 The Netherlands 10.Higher median neighbourhood income is positively related to individual income prospects. 11.Income mix in the neighbourhood likely has a small positive effect. 12.A high share of rented dwellings relates to higher income gain than a high share of owner-occupied dwellings (possibly because the rented sector functions as a springboard rather than a trap). 42
43 4 Typical policy responses to urban inequalities in European cities Fear for lack of integration and assumed relation with spatial inequalities Call for forced interventions to obtain reduction of segregation Policies aimed at creating balanced communities and social mix Instruments: urban restructuring and mixed tenure, mixed qualities and mixed house prices, gentrification 43
44 Theoretical considerations; Empirical findings Macro and managerial; social mix policy 1.prevents the development of uncontrollable neighbourhoods and rising segregation 2.is a conspiracy against the poor : it produces gentrification, favours the affluent and displaces the poor 44
45 L. Lees (2008) [i]t is ironic that a process that results in segregation and polarization gentrification is being promoted via social mix policies as the positive solution to segregation the rhetoric of social mixing tends to conceal the inequalities of fortune and economic circumstance that are produced through the process of gentrification 45
46 Theoretical considerations; Empirical findings Macro and managerial; social mix policy 1.prevents the development of uncontrollable neighbourhoods and rising segregation 2.is a conspiracy against the poor : it produces gentrification, favours the affluent and displaces the poor 3.helps to improve local conditions and service levels 4.creates negative spill-over effects (displacement) 5.reduces stigmatisation through social mix 6.increases stigmatisation through selection of areas 7.reduces the accumulation of neighbourhood problems 8.improves neighbourhood liveability 46
47 Theoretical considerations; Empirical findings Micro and individual; social mix policy 1.helps the poor to realize social mobility through socialisation, role models, peers, and better social networks through weak ties 2.stimulates economic, social and cultural participation and integration 3.destroys individual s local social networks; spatial proximity is no guarantee for social integration 4.frustrates individual s behaviour especially of those who can afford to sort into relatively homogeneous neighbourhoods 5.neglects metropolitan and state level impacts on social compositions 47
48 Comments on predominant policy interventions Social mix may indeed help social prospects Social mix may be good for some, but harming others. Segregation and social mix are often weakly defined, if at all, and mostly used as metaphores, which blurs discussions. Fear often drives policies, which is a bad thing. Social mix does not work when micro-level social distances and social inequality are too large. Social mix may create injustice effects (due to reduction of affordable housing). 48
49 Conclusions and discussion Differences between cities relate to urban histories, welfare regimes,and opportunities to adapt to structural economic transformation and globalisation. These differences produce different levels of social/ethnic (spatial) inequality. Which results in governmental intervention, strongest in universal welfare states Caution is required: Interventions are good for some but bad for others Don t pathologise the poor or social housing; Lupton and Tunstall (2008, p. 114): [i]t is a short step from there to the assumption that the solution is to reduce the proportion of poor people, rather than to address structural inequalities or inject additional resources to provide the services that people need 49
50 Conclusions and discussion Continued Caution is required: Interventions are good for some but bad for others Don t pathologise the poor or social housing Spatial sorting is a strong process, difficult to engineer Interventions may add to stigma Interventions may produce negative externalities (demolition, spillovers and fear) Moderate segregation associates with universal welfare states; however, almost all of these states appear to be heading towards more neo-liberal models Consider the potential of structural and institutional factors and interventions at various scales aimed at services delivery (schools) and enhanced individual labour market participation and social mobility 50
51 Conclusions and discussion Continued Avoid cynical attitudes and neglect of potential impact of concentrated poverty; this may produce more segregation and marginalisation of the poor Recognise the complexity and reciprocal relations and (social) ties between people, place, space and scale Address more comprehensive measures of individual and neighbourhood well-being Avoid classifying poor neighbourhoods as a problem and middle-class as a solution 51
52 Sako Musterd Urban Geography /Urban Studies University of Amsterdam 52
Fertility rate and employment rate: how do they interact to each other?
Fertility rate and employment rate: how do they interact to each other? Presentation by Gyula Pulay, general director of the Research Institute of SAO Changing trends From the middle of the last century
More informationImproving the measurement of the regional and urban dimension of well-being
Improving the measurement of the regional and urban dimension of well-being 4 th OECD World Forum, lunchtime seminar 19 October 2012 Walter Radermacher, Chief Statistician of the EU Walter Radermacher
More informationSettling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration
Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Settling In 2018 Main Indicators of Immigrant Integration Notes on Cyprus 1. Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to
More informationEurope divided? Attitudes to immigration ahead of the 2019 European elections. Dr. Lenka Dražanová
Europe divided? Attitudes to immigration ahead of the 2019 European elections Dr. Lenka Dražanová Europe divided? Europeans, overall, becoming more positive to immigration BUT country differences matter!
More informationLabour market integration of low skilled migrants in Europe: Economic impact. Gudrun Biffl
Labour market integration of low skilled migrants in Europe: Economic impact Gudrun Biffl Contribution to the Conference on Managing Migration and Integration: Europe & the US University of California-Berkeley,
More informationEUROBAROMETER 62 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Standard Eurobarometer European Commission EUROBAROMETER 6 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AUTUMN 004 Standard Eurobarometer 6 / Autumn 004 TNS Opinion & Social NATIONAL REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ROMANIA
More informationRomania's position in the online database of the European Commission on gender balance in decision-making positions in public administration
Romania's position in the online database of the European Commission on gender balance in decision-making positions in public administration Comparative Analysis 2014-2015 Str. Petofi Sandor nr.47, Sector
More informationSocial Conditions in Sweden
Conditions in Sweden Villa Vigoni Conference on Reporting in Europe Measuring and Monitoring Progress in European Societies Is Life Still Getting Better? March 9-11, 2010 Danuta Biterman The National Board
More informationEuropean Union Passport
European Union Passport European Union Passport How the EU works The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries that together cover much of the continent. The EU was
More informationWork-life balance, gender inequality and health outcomes
Work-life balance, gender inequality and health outcomes Findings from the 5 th European Working Conditions Survey Gijs van Houten Eurofound 5 th International FOHNEU Congress on Occupational Health Tarragona,
More informationEurostat Yearbook 2006/07 A goldmine of statistical information
25/2007-20 February 2007 Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07 A goldmine of statistical information What percentage of the population is overweight or obese? How many foreign languages are learnt by pupils in the
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 461. Report. Designing Europe s future:
Designing Europe s future: Trust in institutions Globalisation Support for the euro, opinions about free trade and solidarity Fieldwork Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General
More informationWomen in the EU. Fieldwork : February-March 2011 Publication: June Special Eurobarometer / Wave 75.1 TNS Opinion & Social EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Women in the EU Eurobaromètre Spécial / Vague 74.3 TNS Opinion & Social Fieldwork : February-March 2011 Publication: June 2011 Special Eurobarometer / Wave 75.1 TNS Opinion & Social
More informationExtended Findings. Finland. ecfr.eu/eucoalitionexplorer. Question 1: Most Contacted
Extended Findings Finland Preferences Question 1: Most Contacted Finland (2%) is not amongst the most contacted countries within the EU: Germany (22%), France (13%), the UK (11%), Poland (7%), Italy (6%),
More informationConvergence: a narrative for Europe. 12 June 2018
Convergence: a narrative for Europe 12 June 218 1.Our economies 2 Luxembourg Ireland Denmark Sweden Netherlands Austria Finland Germany Belgium United Kingdom France Italy Spain Malta Cyprus Slovenia Portugal
More informationHOW EQUIPPED ARE THE EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES FOR THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION?
Professur für Policy Analyse und Politische Wirtschaftslehre Prof. Dr. Daniel Buhr Bildquellen: de.de; Abendblatt; zdnet Bildquellen: de.de; Abendblatt; zdnet HOW EQUIPPED ARE THE EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES
More informationOECD/EU INDICATORS OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION: Findings and reflections
OECD/EU INDICATORS OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION: Findings and reflections Meiji University, Tokyo 26 May 2016 Thomas Liebig International Migration Division Overview on the integration indicators Joint work
More informationLocalised variations in South Asian turnout: a study using marked electoral registers
Localised variations in South Asian turnout: a study using marked electoral registers Ed Fieldhouse With David Cutts, Paul Norman, Mark Tranmer and Kingsley Purdam Turnout: Secular Decline vs Trendless
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 469. Report
Integration of immigrants in the European Union Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication
More information2. The table in the Annex outlines the declarations received by the General Secretariat of the Council and their status to date.
Council of the European Union Brussels, 10 June 2016 (OR. en) 9603/16 COPEN 184 EUROJUST 69 EJN 36 NOTE From: To: Subject: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationEuropean patent filings
Annual Report 07 - European patent filings European patent filings Total filings This graph shows the geographic origin of the European patent filings. This is determined by the country of residence of
More informationMigration, Mobility and Integration in the European Labour Market. Lorenzo Corsini
Migration, Mobility and Integration in the European Labour Market Lorenzo Corsini Content of the lecture We provide some insight on -The degree of differentials on some key labourmarket variables across
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 467. Report. Future of Europe. Social issues
Future of Europe Social issues Fieldwork Publication November 2017 Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication and co-ordinated by the Directorate- General for Communication
More informationSPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT
2013 SPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH 2013 GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT 2 Annex. Context Contents I. Introduction 3 II. The labour context for young people 4 III. Main causes of the labour situation
More informationIndustrial Relations in Europe 2010 report
MEMO/11/134 Brussels, 3 March 2011 Industrial Relations in Europe 2010 report What is the 'Industrial Relations in Europe' report? The Industrial Relations in Europe report provides an overview of major
More informationPopulation and Migration Estimates
22 September 2009 Components of population growth Population and Migration Estimates April 2009 Natural increase Net migration 80 60 40 20 0 Year ending April 2008 April 2009 Natural increase 44,600 45,100
More informationTISPOL PERSPECTIVES TO THE EUROPEAN ROAD SAFETY HOW TO SAVE LIVES AND REDUCE INJURIES ON EUROPEAN ROADS?
TISPOL PERSPECTIVES TO THE EUROPEAN ROAD SAFETY HOW TO SAVE LIVES AND REDUCE INJURIES ON EUROPEAN ROADS? Police Road Safety Seminar Finland, 28th October 2015 Egbert-Jan van Hasselt Commissioner of Police,
More information3.1. Importance of rural areas
3.1. Importance of rural areas 3.1.1. CONTEXT 1 - DESIGNATION OF RURAL AREAS A consistent typology of 'predominantly rural', 'intermediate' or 'predominantly urban' regions for EC statistics and reports
More informationIncome inequality the overall (EU) perspective and the case of Swedish agriculture. Martin Nordin
Income inequality the overall (EU) perspective and the case of Swedish agriculture Martin Nordin Background Fact: i) Income inequality has increased largely since the 1970s ii) High-skilled sectors and
More informationThe evolution of turnout in European elections from 1979 to 2009
The evolution of turnout in European elections from 1979 to 2009 Nicola Maggini 7 April 2014 1 The European elections to be held between 22 and 25 May 2014 (depending on the country) may acquire, according
More informationThe Economic and Financial Crisis and Precarious Employment amongst Young People in the European Union
The Economic and Financial Crisis and Precarious Employment amongst Young People in the European Union Niall O Higgins LABESS, CELPE Università di Salerno & IZA, Bonn nohiggins@unisa.it Presentation Overview
More informationTÁRKI Social Research Institute, 2006 Ildikó Nagy, 2006 Marietta Pongrácz, 2006 István György Tóth, 2006
András Gábos. 2006. Gender Differences in Poverty in an International Comparison: An Analysis of the Laeken Indicators. in: Ildikó Nagy, Marietta Pongrácz, István György Tóth (eds.) Changing Roles: Report
More informationRegional Focus. Metropolitan regions in the EU By Lewis Dijkstra. n 01/ Introduction. 2. Is population shifting to metros?
n 1/29 Regional Focus A series of short papers on regional research and indicators produced by the Directorate-General for Regional Policy Metropolitan regions in the EU By Lewis Dijkstra 1. Introduction
More informationRegional inequality and the impact of EU integration processes. Martin Heidenreich
Regional inequality and the impact of EU integration processes Martin Heidenreich Table of Contents 1. Income inequality in the EU between and within nations 2. Patterns of regional inequality and its
More informationSeptember 2012 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.6% EU27 at 10.6%
STAT/12/155 31 October 2012 September 2012 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.6% at.6% The euro area 1 (EA17) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 11.6% in September 2012, up from 11.5% in August
More informationIdentification of the respondent: Fields marked with * are mandatory.
Towards implementing European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) for EU Member States - Public consultation on future EPSAS governance principles and structures Fields marked with are mandatory.
More informationIncome inequality and voter turnout
Income inequality and voter turnout HORN, Dániel Max Weber Fellow, EUI Hogy áll Magyarország 2012-ben? Konferencia a gazdasági körülményekrıl és a társadalmi kohézióról 2012. November 22-23, Budapest Introduction
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 474. Summary. Europeans perceptions of the Schengen Area
Summary Europeans perceptions of the Schengen Area Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication
More informationEUROPEANS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SECURITY
Special Eurobarometer 432 EUROPEANS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SECURITY REPORT Fieldwork: March 2015 Publication: April 2015 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 455
EU Citizens views on development, cooperation and November December 2016 Survey conducted by TNS opinion & social at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for International Cooperation
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationIn 2012, million persons were employed in the EU
countries: Latvia (2.3 pps) and Estonia (+2.0 pps). On the other hand, the employment rate fell by more than 2 pps in Spain (-2.3 pps), Portugal (-2.4 pps), Cyprus (-3.0 pps) and Greece (-4.3pps). The
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 440. Report. Europeans, Agriculture and the CAP
Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication This document does not represent the
More informationThe regional and urban dimension of Europe 2020
ESPON Workshop The regional and urban dimension of Europe 2020 News on the implementation of the EUROPE 2020 Strategy Philippe Monfort DG for Regional Policy European Commission 1 Introduction June 2010
More informationAalborg Universitet. The quest for a social mix Alves, Sonia. Publication date: Link to publication from Aalborg University
Aalborg Universitet The quest for a social mix Alves, Sonia Publication date: 2016 Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Alves, S. (2016). The quest for a social
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 471. Summary
Fairness, inequality and intergenerational mobility Survey requested by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication This document does not
More informationA comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level
A comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level CRISTINA STE, EVA MILARU, IA COJANU, ISADORA LAZAR, CODRUTA DRAGOIU, ELIZA-OLIVIA NGU Social Indicators and Standard
More informationLabour market resilience in Europe
Labour market resilience in Europe INSPIRES Benchmark Report Version : 1 6 214 Erasmus University Rotterdam Bigos, M., Qaran, W., Fenger, M., Koster, F., & Veen, R. van der Table of contents 1. List of
More informationTerritorial indicators for policy purposes: NUTS regions and beyond
Territorial indicators for policy purposes: NUTS regions and beyond Territorial Diversity and Networks Szeged, September 2016 Teodora Brandmuller Regional statistics and geographical information unit,
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationMeasuring Social Inclusion
Measuring Social Inclusion Measuring Social Inclusion Social inclusion is a complex and multidimensional concept that cannot be measured directly. To represent the state of social inclusion in European
More informationSecond Tier Cities in Age of Austerity: Why Invest Beyond the Capitals?
Second Tier Cities in Age of Austerity: Why Invest Beyond the Capitals? Professor Michael Parkinson CBE Regional Studies Association, Tampere, May 2013 Second Tier Cities - 4 Questions 1. Who are we? 2.
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationThe Rights of the Child. Analytical report
Flash Eurobarometer 273 The Gallup Organisation Analytical Report Flash EB N o 251 Public attitudes and perceptions in the euro area Flash Eurobarometer European Commission The Rights of the Child Analytical
More informationINTERNAL SECURITY. Publication: November 2011
Special Eurobarometer 371 European Commission INTERNAL SECURITY REPORT Special Eurobarometer 371 / Wave TNS opinion & social Fieldwork: June 2011 Publication: November 2011 This survey has been requested
More informationWidening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications
Widening of Inequality in Japan: Its Implications Jun Saito, Senior Research Fellow Japan Center for Economic Research December 11, 2017 Is inequality widening in Japan? Since the publication of Thomas
More informationSecond EU Immigrants and Minorities, Integration and Discrimination Survey: Main results
Second EU Immigrants and Minorities, Integration and Discrimination Survey: Main results Questions & Answers on the survey methodology This is a brief overview of how the Agency s Second European Union
More informationPUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Special Eurobarometer 419 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SUMMARY Fieldwork: June 2014 Publication: October 2014 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General
More informationPopulation and Migration Estimates
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office 21 September 2010 Components of population growth Population and Migration Estimates April 2010 Natural increase Net migration 80 60 40 20 0 Year ending
More informationGALLERY 5: TURNING TABLES INTO GRAPHS
CSSS 569 Visualizing Data GALLERY 5: TURNING TABLES INTO GRAPHS Christopher Adolph Department of Political Science and Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences University of Washington, Seattle CENTER
More informationSize and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline
January 31, 2013 ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.doc Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline by Friedrich Schneider *) In the Tables
More informationWORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS Munich, November 2018 Copyright Allianz 11/19/2018 1 MORE DYNAMIC POST FINANCIAL CRISIS Changes in the global wealth middle classes in millions 1,250
More informationRecent demographic trends
Recent demographic trends Jitka Rychtaříková Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Department of Demography and Geodemography Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic tel.: 420 221 951 420
More informationETHNIC SEGREGATION IN THE NETHERLANDS: NEW PATTERNS, NEW POLICIES?
WINDOW ON THE NETHERLANDS ETHNIC SEGREGATION IN THE NETHERLANDS: NEW PATTERNS, NEW POLICIES? GIDEON BOLT, PIETER HOOIMEIJER & RONALD VAN KEMPEN 1 Faculty of Geographical Studies, Utrecht University, PO
More informationMigration and Integration
Migration and Integration Integration in Education Education for Integration Istanbul - 13 October 2017 Francesca Borgonovi Senior Analyst - Migration and Gender Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
More informationCorporatism and the Labour Income Share
Etica e Economia & Sapienza University Rome, 21 June 2018 Corporatism and the Labour Income Share Econometric Investigation into the Impact of Institutions on the Wage Share of Industrialised Nations by
More informationGlobalisation and flexicurity
Globalisation and flexicurity Torben M Andersen Department of Economics Aarhus University November 216 Globalization Is it Incompatible with High employment Decent wages (no working poor) Low inequality
More informationEurope in Figures - Eurostat Yearbook 2008 The diversity of the EU through statistics
STAT/08/75 2 June 2008 Europe in Figures - Eurostat Yearbook 2008 The diversity of the EU through statistics What was the population growth in the EU27 over the last 10 years? In which Member State is
More informationDr Abigail McKnight Associate Professorial Research Fellow and Associate Director, CASE, LSE Dr Chiara Mariotti Inequality Policy Manager, Oxfam
Hosted by LSE Works: CASE The Relationship between Inequality and Poverty: mechanisms and policy options Dr Eleni Karagiannaki Research Fellow, CASE, LSE Chris Goulden Deputy Director, Policy and Research,
More informationMonitoring poverty in Europe: an assessment of progress since the early-1990s
1 Monitoring poverty in Europe: an assessment of progress since the early-199s Stephen P. Jenkins (London School of Economics) Email: s.jenkins@lse.ac.uk 5 Jahre IAB Jubiläum, Berlin, 5 6 April 17 2 Assessing
More informationÖSTERREICHISCHES INSTITUT FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG
1030 WIEN, ARSENAL, OBJEKT 20 TEL. 798 26 01 FAX 798 93 86 ÖSTERREICHISCHES INSTITUT FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG Labour Market Monitor 2013 A Europe-wide Labour Market Monitoring System Updated Annually (Executive
More informationPUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Standard Eurobarometer 81 Spring 2014 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FIRST RESULTS Fieldwork: June 2014 Publication: July 2014 This survey has been requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission,
More informationEuro area unemployment rate at 9.9% EU27 at 9.4%
STAT/11/76 April 2011 Euro area unemployment rate at 9.9% EU27 at 9.4% The euro area 1 (EA17) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 9.9% in April 2011, unchanged compared with March 4. It was.2%
More informationGender pay gap in public services: an initial report
Introduction This report 1 examines the gender pay gap, the difference between what men and women earn, in public services. Drawing on figures from both Eurostat, the statistical office of the European
More informationCOMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT. Situation of young people in the EU. Accompanying the document
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 15.9.2015 SWD(2015) 169 final PART 5/6 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Situation of young people in the EU Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 464b. Report
Europeans attitudes towards security Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication This document
More informationEquality between women and men in the EU
1 von 8 09.07.2015 13:13 Case Id: 257d6b6c-68bc-48b3-bf9e-18180eec75f1 Equality between women and men in the EU Fields marked with are mandatory. About you Are you replying to this consultation in a professional
More informationStandard Eurobarometer 89 Spring Report. European citizenship
European citizenship Fieldwork March 2018 Survey requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication This document does not represent the point of view of the European
More informationPositive Action in EU Gender Equality Law and Policy.
Positive Action in EU Gender Equality Law and Policy. Dr. Nuria Elena Ramos Martín Associate Professor, Department of Labour and Information Law University of Amsterdam Seminar: EU Gender Equality Law
More informationStandard Eurobarometer 85. Public opinion in the European Union
Public opinion in the European Union Fieldwork: May 2016 Survey conducted by TNS opinion & social at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication Survey coordinated by
More informationMEDIA USE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Standard Eurobarometer 76 Autumn 2011 MEDIA USE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION REPORT Fieldwork: November 2011 Publication: March 2012 This survey has been requested and co-ordinated by Directorate-General for
More informationCO3.6: Percentage of immigrant children and their educational outcomes
CO3.6: Percentage of immigrant children and their educational outcomes Definitions and methodology This indicator presents estimates of the proportion of children with immigrant background as well as their
More informationEuropean Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO TO THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Economic and social part DETAILED ANALYSIS
Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit Brussels, 18 October 2013 European Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO TO THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Economic and social
More informationEUROBAROMETER 72 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Standard Eurobarometer European Commission EUROBAROMETER 72 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AUTUMN 2009 COUNTRY REPORT SUMMARY Standard Eurobarometer 72 / Autumn 2009 TNS Opinion & Social 09 TNS Opinion
More informationBRAND. Cross-national evidence on the relationship between education and attitudes towards immigrants: Past initiatives and.
Cross-national evidence on the relationship between education and attitudes towards immigrants: Past initiatives and future OECD directions EMPLOYER BRAND Playbook Promoting Tolerance: Can education do
More informationThe Social State of the Union
The Social State of the Union Prof. Maria Karamessini, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece President and Governor of the Public Employment Agency of Greece EuroMemo Group
More informationEARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS
EUROPEAN SEMESTER THEMATIC FACTSHEET EARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS 1. INTRODUCTION Early school leaving 1 is an obstacle to economic growth and employment. It hampers productivity and competitiveness, and fuels
More informationMigration and the European Job Market Rapporto Europa 2016
Migration and the European Job Market Rapporto Europa 2016 1 Table of content Table of Content Output 11 Employment 11 Europena migration and the job market 63 Box 1. Estimates of VAR system for Labor
More informationEUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP
Standard Eurobarometer 81 Spring 2014 EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP REPORT Fieldwork: June 2014 This survey has been requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication.
More informationIlze JUREVIČA Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development Regional Policy Department
Role of small and medium sized urban areas in territorial development: Latvian experience and plans for the upcoming Latvian presidency of the Council of the EU Ilze JUREVIČA Ministry of Environmental
More informationThe Markets for Website Authentication Certificates & Qualified Certificates
The Markets for Website Authentication Certificates & Qualified Certificates Clara Galan Manso European Union Network and Information Security Agency Summary 01 Contents of the study 02 Market analysis
More informationData Protection in the European Union. Data controllers perceptions. Analytical Report
Gallup Flash Eurobarometer N o 189a EU communication and the citizens Flash Eurobarometer European Commission Data Protection in the European Union Data controllers perceptions Analytical Report Fieldwork:
More informationRomania and European social model(s): the unemploymentpoverty
Romania and European social model(s): the unemploymentpoverty link Paulo Pedroso Department of Sociology, ISCTE, Lisbon and B&S Europe Bucharest Craiova, 12.06.06 Romania and EU Lisbon Strategy for jobs
More informationThe Components of Wage Inequality and the Role of Labour Market Flexibility
Institutions and inequality in the EU Perugia, 21 st of March, 2013 The Components of Wage Inequality and the Role of Labour Market Flexibility Analyses for the Enlarged Europe Jens Hölscher, Cristiano
More informationThe global and regional policy context: Implications for Cyprus
The global and regional policy context: Implications for Cyprus Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe Policy Dialogue on Health System and Public Health Reform in Cyprus: Health in the 21
More informationINTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS INTO THE LABOUR MARKET IN EU AND OECD COUNTRIES
INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS INTO THE LABOUR MARKET IN EU AND OECD COUNTRIES AN OVERVIEW Brussels, 25 June 2015 Thomas Liebig International Migration Division Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social
More information