Damages and Restoration of Fisheries Livelihood in South Thailand

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1 Damages and Restoration of Fisheries Livelihood in South Thailand Phattareeya Suanrattanachai, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center-Training Department Pornprapa Sakulsaeng, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, Wantana Chenkitkosol, The Department of Fisheries,Thailand, MasahiroYamao, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University 1

2 Outline of the presentation Objectives Review of damage Relief policy Finding results Conclusion and recommendation 2

3 Objectives To clarify the result of monitoring survey on implication of assistance using to recovery victims from shock. To share and exchange opinion and experience to the symposium. 3

4 Review of damage Tsunami destruction had both completely lost and damage proportion of assets, capacity of employment such equipments. Completely lost means to lost life, house assets, capacity of employment. Damage proportion of assets, capacity of employment- gear, boat, fish cage. Tsunami destroyed public assets such as basic infrastructures liked jetty, road, against to tough rehabilitation and development. 4

5 Damage to shelter Province Number of house units Destroyed Damaged Krabi Phang Nga 1, Phuket Ranong Satun 2 80 Trang Total 3,302 1,504 5 Source: DDPM website,

6 Damage to fisheries sectors Wrecked fishing boat in December Krabi Phang Nga Phuket Ranong Satun Trang Source: DOF, 2005

7 Damage to fisheries sectors Province Fishing gear (per persons) Fish cage (persons) Krabi 1, Phang Nga 991 (87, 194 m 2 ) Phuket Ranong Satun 1, Trang 1, Total 6,668 2,610 7 Source: DDPM website,

8 Relief policy Shelter construction Temporary shelter to victims. Resettlement policy Type I- resettlement of new house on the national park. Type II- resettlement of new house on the tourism areas. Recovery marine tourism- the rebuilding of beach resorts. Small-scale Fisheries revitalization Type of victims Registrati on card holders Nonregistratio n card holders Priority Fishing boat 1 Not > 20,000 Baht Boat engine Not > 10,000 Baht Fishin g gear Not > 10,000 Baht 2 70% of the amount formulated Fish cage Not > 20,000 Baht Ecotourism boat 3 On-going consideration on damage assessment 8

9 Concerned Agencies National International 9 Shelter construction Defense Ministry Army, Navy, Air Force Provincial National Housing Authority Small-scale fisheries The Department of Fisheries The Office of National Resources and Environment Policies and Planning Private companies Source: Agency UNICEF WorldVision UNDP World Bank USAID WHO Swiss Development Agency SDC DANIDA Embassy of Italy UNFPA Assistance ($US) 12 Mil 8.2 Mil 5 Mil 5 Mil 3 Mil 3 Mil 1.5 Mil 1.5 Mil 1.3 Mil 1 Mil

10 Monitoring Study The study was to monitor a restoration of destructive fishing communities which conducted a sampled survey of seven villages of two provinces- Phang Nga and Krabi Provinces. Focusing point was on type of assistance transferred to victims; accordingly, they could revitalize their capacity and means of livelihood to access basic needs for securing wellbeing. 10

11 Finding result presentation Total assistance mitigated shock to seven studied villages. Assistance transferred to seven studied villages for revitalizing basic needs liked house construction, sanitary equipment, fishing capacity and food assistance. Applicability and management of assistance implemented in each village. 11

12 Total assistance mitigated to seven studied villages Assistance from Donors % Assistance 12

13 House construction %

14 Sanitary equipment %

15 Food assistance %

16 Fishing equipment %

17 Fishing boat %

18 Summary: Total assistance The largest amount of assistance, which transferred to seven studied sites in order to mitigate shocks, was spent for house construction. Consequently, victims received physical security. Assistance spent for fishing boat and fishing equipment was second and third ranks, respectively, which handed down to victims for revitalizing their means of livelihood. Other two basic needs are sanitary equipment and food assistance spent for small amounts. This may mean that revitalization of fishing capacity and efforts minimizing the impact of the shock as well as maximizing livelihood. 18

19 19 Assistance transferred to villages

20 Assistance transferred to villages Communities recieved assistance %

21 NamKhem T.BangMuang

22 Applicability and management of assistance (1) Whereas Ban Namkhem Village was the most serious village shocked by the tsunami, assistance of house construction was massively transferred to mitigate the destruction from both national and international agencies. Financial assistance is secondly spent for rebuilding new fishing gear and efforts to re-entry in capture fisheries. Survival victims of this village have engaged in fisheries revitalizing community economics with maximizing financial assistance as revolving loan service to improve their capacity in fishing. 22

23 NaiRaiT.NaToei

24 Applicability and management of assistance (2) Relief help and assistance was transferred by ranking of destructive level. This meant first priority defined to lost households, second priority meant to loss fishing gears. Donors were namely the Phangnga Provincial Office of Community Development (5HH), UNICEF (10 HH), BLUE CANYON (10 HH), Rotary Club (60HH), Supanimitra Club (20 HH). Sirinthon Foundation and ADRA helped repairing partially damaged households. Bureau of Royal Palace trained villagers numbered of 20 persons to engage in making batik clothes and market to Phuket Province. In addition, the agency introduced activity of unsoiled vegetable plantation (stopped). 24

25 TanaRakT.KuekKak

26 Applicability and management of assistance (3) Victims have moved their houses from Leampakarang Beach to new place on inner land where provided by the district office. The village received basic infrastructure to facilitate their living. Victims have also changed their means of sustaining livelihood. They anchor their fishing boat at Ao Poh Beach. This beach has a distance of three km. far from the new settlement. Some fishers skipped fishing activities and moved to work as cleaner at nearby hotel. New house is far from beach, so fishers have to pay more costs for transportation. They had to pay 500 baht a year as annual rental fee with 30 years contract for living in new shelter. 26

27 BangKaYa T.KuekKak

28 Applicability and management of assistance (4) The village is Morgan community composed of 40 households (pre-tsunami). They has Morgan language. Some had land for conducting coconut trees and palm trees plantation. The land areas were merited from grandpa generation to grand son. They moved to new settlement because of fear of Tsunami. new permanent house constructed in inner land and far from shore, this is not convenient for particular fishers. World Vision (Supanimitra Foundation) constructed new permanent houses totally 136 houses for other victim from other three villages. new place is noisy according to crowed people. Establishment of people group: - CO-OP provided services grocery goods. - Fisher group supported by the Department of Fisheries, received net for occupied in squid trap, crab trap, fish gill net and shrimp trammel net. The group provided revolving loan service to fishers and non-fishers members. Financial assistance was amounted of 90,000 baht. Some bought new boat by indebted with fish trader come from Bang Muang Sub-District, Thakaupa District. 28

29 KlongChareon T.TungMaPraow

30 Applicability and management of assistance (5) This village composed of three clusters namely Ban Klongchareon, Ban Ko Nok, and Ban Huay Mai Pai. Each cluster itself has established and organized people group. Recovery We love Thailand Foundation supported boats. Kuwait gave fish fingerlings The Department of Fisheries assisted giving net, rope and fish trap. The government agency also provided relief in cash with amount of 10 per cent of lost. Fish cage revitalization re-started fish cage culture with 2-4 cages. Established fish-farmer group under named Community Enterprise Shared marketing information The DOF gave financial assistance amounted of 120,000 baht and set revolving loan and savings system to the group. 30

31 KhaoThong T.KhaoThong

32 Applicability and management of assistance (6) Post-Tsunami: fisheries sector revitalization and management no. of water shallow set net increase according to receive a plenty of fund to settle new unit of fishing gear, but areas for occupying the gear limited. Crab bank management (year 2005) buy gravid crabs and put in the cage area covered 2 Ngan. Some fisher engaged in fish cage culture, sell fish cage product to restaurants in community. Community-based credit system Village Fund Group (Kongthunmooban)- funded bythai government Post-Tsunami Revitalization Fund-funded by PDA and RakThai Foundation Poverty Alleviation Project-fundedThai Government Revolving loan and savings Group-funded by Supanimitra Foundation 32

33 BaGanT.AoLukNoi

34 Applicability and management of assistance (7) Fish cage culture group established and funded by the Rak Thai Foundation. This group majorly allocate revolving loan to its member to revitalize fish cage affected by Tsunami. However, fish cages are not totally occupied due to low demand of fish as well as low fish product price. Women s group in marine fish processing products The group received a support for the Krabi Provincial Agricultural Office to build new group processing plant. The Office gave a name to the new processing plant as Agricultural Demonstration Center. This group initially established by local women themselves. They shared their own pocket money to process group s product. The group has submitted supporting budget from AoBoTo to develop fish processing activity and investment. Women s group producing Batik clothes Received supports from various international organization. The group activity can create job and income to particular women and youth of community. 34

35 Conclusion 35

36 Assistance on shelter construction Revitalize fisheries community, society and economy - Maximize victims comfortable and security to live at new shelter. - Revitalize physical structure of fisheries community accessing basic infrastructure: clean water, electricity, garbage collection and management. - New settlement of shelter in accordance with shelter construction policy is not fulfill victims to revitalize traditional mean of livelihood. - Some fishers stop employing in fisheries by moving to new career. -Far distance between shore and new shelter causes to high cost of transportation to carry out fishing gear from home to the sea. -Pattern of shelter construction is shifted from rural to urbanized style. 36

37 Assistance on revitalizing livelihood Revitalize capacity and practice in fisheries New unit of fishing boat, fishing gear and equipment are vigorously help victims particular fishers and fish-farmer re-entry employing in both capture and aquaculture sectors. Women and youth are given high priority to empower community economics Improve women and youth to acknowledge and practice their skill on producing, processing, marketing and business management to empower both household and community economies. Revitalize ethnic group and cluster to share group interest assistance is both in kind and in cash encouraging either ethnic group or cluster gathered together to share and secure group interest. 37

38 Recommendation Should set up a committee that member should be composed of leader, representative of victim and government officials to brainstorm planning mitigation of shock in short-term and design future direction of community development in longterm. Committee should therefore allocate and manage all assistance to victim achieving equity of access. 38

39 Thank you for your attention 39

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