Profile of target area:

Transcription

1 Multi Sector Rapid Needs Assessment Report Wana Sub District April 2018 Profile of target area: The population is muslim sunni mixed arab and kurdish (majority Arabs now as some Kurds fled in October) with Arab returnees from KRG and Mosul/surrounding areas. Wana is a sub district which belongs to Telkaif District, it is 60 km South of Duhok, the total population of the whole catchment is about 30,000. The population for Wana itself is 11,000. It is predominantly a Kurdish town with the surrounding villages of various ethnicities. Majority of those villages are of Arabs. Pre-crisis there were 1850 families in Wana town, and 50% were displaced during the crisis. This area was the front line area between IS and ISF for long time, has been taken and recaptured from both sides for many times. Majority of the community left the area during IS control. Eighty percent of the population started to return after the Peshmerga took control of Wana on February 6th On the 17 Oct 2017 ISF advanced from Mosul and recaptured the town from KRG-SF, and the Peshmerga left. There have been several NGO actors in Wana; ACF, UNDP & amp; PIN have provided WASH, education and NFIs in the area. ICRC and MSF have also provided some medical aid and single donations. The main income is Government salaries & agriculture; there is reportedly a high percentage of unemployment. Villages included in this RNA Wana Town , Mehawyer South and north , Meshrif , Dawasa/Dawanish , Desk study summary: April 2018: Iraq CCCM Mosul Camps new arrivals monitoring (link) 51.2% reported Financial / economic reasons (e.g. no access to livelihood opportunities, no money to pay rent or purchase food / CRIs) as the main reason for returning to IDP camps 48% of the new arrivals are in secondary displacement 31 March 2018: IOM displacement tracker returns dashboard (Link) Ninewa Governorate alone accounts for 86% (107,292) of the newly identified returnees, of who 77,166 went back to Mosul district during the reporting period. This increase is due to the joint validation exercise DTM and local authorities conducted in east and west Mosul to confirm returnee numbers. The largest returnee population is located in Ninewa with a total number of 1,279,740 individuals (35%). Ninewa s returnee population is mainly concentrated in Mosul district (22% or 785,358 individuals), Telafar (6% or 233,928) and Al Hamdaniya (3% or 118,416). Reports of water infrastructure needs in several locations around Wana reported by the consultant WASH Engineer ACTED Village assessments Wana sub district - data sets The villages covered in this report are not part of this RNA DRC Multi sector needs assessment Dawasa: Severe need WASH, NFIs, Livelihoods Dawanish: No severe needs The other villages covered in this report are not part of this RNA Other Agencies activities

2 ICRC is distributing MPCA in Telafar: Alam, Toshta, Habiya, Bitesha and Barzan - ICRC ask please double check if these villages are considered for MPCA by your organisation. Filfel; Dayr Um Tunah; Igzaiyel Village; Hasan Jallad; Kharab/Omar Beit; Shahiyah; Semahla; Mahwayr; Kani Shirin Village; Kabr Ishaq; Kar Kharab Oxfam is currently distributing MPCA in Abu Maria district, in the following villages: Abu Maria, Almazaria, Wailia, AlKesk, Shandokha, Al Temerat and Saqoor, Qadisyia Dorcas has protection team in Wana villages Key Informant Interviews: Informant details Priority locations Population in those locations Why these locations? Type of Government or NGO assistance received The Wana Mayor (Director of Region Wana), Mr Ali Mohammed Salih 6 most destroyed villages, Mehwer South and North, Semahla, Omar Kobak, Shihiya, Omar Beat Returnees, approx. 70 HHs in M, more people expect to return Complete destruction of shelter and livelihoods; people are returning and at the moment day tripping from Mosul. More returns expected with increased security and NGO assistance.there is no electricity, access to education, markets; no NFI assistance, nonexisting sanitation (people are defecating in open). None, registered with UNHCR though 2 months ago. Significant gap in governmental food assistance. Mr Ramadan, Head of DoW Wana (Dear um Tutha) 6000 individuals, 1000 HHs Dire need for drinking water, people are pulling water in donkey carts from the river None. ICRC and DRC have assessed the WTP but took no action. The DoW initial estimation is $ Reportedly IS has stolen the pumps and destroyed chlorination system. Reportedly there s still no electricity available Head of Health Center Need for HP across all Wana locations Prevalence of scabies, especially among population returning from camps To cross-check with ACF and DRC Mr Kheirulddin Azrail Suleiman Consultant WASH engineer Musharraf Hubeit and Masrij No known These villages need rehab of their compound water units Cross check with DRC

3 Summary: Focus Group Discussion: FGDs were held in Wana Sub District with the villages of Dawasa, South and North Mehwer village. With families who have an elderly or disabled family member and with women. Those who attended were above 18 years old; 26 females and 24 males - 50 participants in total. Difficulties and need in this area are as the following: In the villages there are some older people who do not have any support from any institution they get help from people of the area but they need a medicine and health centre and there is none in the area Lack of job opportunity in this area - there is no income Most of the inhabitants of the area were farmers, but the war has affected and their dependence on agriculture and breeding animals The difficulties of the meeting were the lack of trust by the participants with the organizations because some of the organizations made their promises and will not give them any help and that is why they will not trust them anymore. Most of the people in the area have no shelter (some of them live in the tent) and have no privacy for women. One common difficulty they face is the lack of communications with any NGOs or Government offices. Note: the people from Mewher village facing a lot of difficulties, the common difficulties between both sides is (the water project is destroyed, Schools, Health centre) Of the difficulties facing the villagers is very common between the two sides is (they do not have toilets) and this is very important for the women in particular because most of the time women are affected by the war and crisis. Summary: Rapid needs assessment: 42 HH RNA surveys were conducted alongside focus group discussions and KII: Wana 11 Dawasa 9 Dawanish 8 Mehwer S 5 Mehwere N 9 Top priority WASH needs Top priority food access issues Top priority for shelter Private latrine 31% Not enough food 71% Seasonal NFI 38% Water Storage 31% Poor quality food 17% Sealing off 19% Hygiene Items 17% Loss of agricultural land 5% Lack of privacy 17% Private bathing facilities 10% No physical access to markets 2% General NFI 14% Water Access 7% No utensils 2% Lack of space 12% Water Treatment 5% No cooking facilities 2% - - Top priorities for the next 6 months Income generation 33% Seasonal NFI 21% Prepare shelter for winter 14% Sanitation - Latrine 12% Find more appropriate shelter 10% Food security 7% Water access 2% 36% of respondents reported that they have no latrine and 53% of this group report open defecation

4 Most common type of shelter Needs observed per HH Unfinished buildings 43% Lack of shelter from wind, rain, heat, cold etc... 69% Own house 19% Lack of privacy 52% Skeleton building 10% Lack of security for belongings 52% Tent 7% Lack of covered space for household activities such as cooking Damaged building 5% Lack of electricity 52% Blankets and bedding Mud House 2% Lack of water infrastructure - taps, bathroom 26% No response 14% Lack of personal security 29% Clothing Cooking utensil Lack access to basic household items 43% None of the options above 10% Cooker Fan Heater Mattresses Sealing off materials Fridge/cool box 64% 62% 76% 62% 69% 81% 71% 83% 74% Household survival strategies & finances Accessing previous livelihoods as survival strategy Accessing new livelihoods as survival strategy Relying on humanitarian aid or charity as survival strategy Concerns in community because people do not have enough income, money or resources to live Average self-reported income over past 30 days Average self-reported total savings Average self-reported humanitarian, charity or remittances assistance over past 30 days Households with an outstanding debt or loan Average self-reported total debt per household Pre-conflict absolute food poverty line based based on average size of 6 household members = IQD (Iraq - Household Socio-Economic Survey, IHSES 2012) Daily labour 63% Government / public sector Main livelihood and occupations 15% Construction 21 Taxi or truck driver 3 Agriculture 1 Current occupatio Same as previous occupation 4 government, 2 unemployed, 1 Not recorded 1 Current occupation is different Public security 3 restaurant, 1 taxi, 1 unknown, 1 Services 1 unemployed) Other 2 Own business 2% Technical vocation 1 None 20% N/A N/A Unemployment Households with no household member that has been able to earn an income 67% No response/unrecorded = hou on humanitarian, charity or rem Commonly reported barriers to emp Increased competition for jobs, not en Available jobs are too far away Households with 1 or more male family members above 18 years old 55% Inability to resume old employment;

5 looking for employment Households with 1 or more female family members above 18 years old looking for employment 17% Inability to resume old employment; agricultural) Lack of family/personal connections No access financial resources to inve Other reasons Commonly reported negative coping mechanisms Take a loan from friends or family 81% Sell belongings 50% Buy products on credit eg. food 43% Reduce food consumption 33% Reduce spend on non-essential items 26% Reduce spending on essential items such as hygiene-items 19% Market assessment had been implemented in Wana center, we have targeted 2 primary markets (wholesalers), 1 Market of Kerosene and Butane and 1 Market of vegetables. Number of comparable traders in the market was 10. All routes to Wana markets seem to be accessible by the community from Wana Town. Retailers have access to Mousel for restocking. Key Findings and Recommendations: Overall - Tearfund to assess further into other villages in the Wana sub district for sector response, including Cash, NFIs and emergency WASH. Cash Lack of access to stable income, negative coping patterns of selling belongings and taking loans These villages are suitable for both 1st and 2nd line cash Continue to assess other villages in this location Cross check with the Cash Working Group for locations that other organizations are working; Tearfund to plan cash programming in the area Livelihoods 1. The RNA demonstrates a need for restoration of previous livelihoods as this is the main survival strategy. Reported problems however are limited opportunities in location and destruction of resources, unemployment is high. Negative coping mechanisms are taking on loans and selling belongings while most households are coping with large debts and relative low savings, low incomes. Financial support in form of business grants are recommended with main focus on non-agricultural livelihoods as markets are functional and there is yet very little engagement in agriculture activities. Examples of viable businesses are bakeries, restaurants, basic utility shops for household items, hygiene items, clothing, personal services like barber shops and taxis. 2. There is a need for diversification of income opportunities, especially for daily labourers which is mainly concentrated around construction resulting in high competition of jobs and unsustainable income opportunities. Local entrepreneurship should be promoted, for example, rent out tools, machinery or technical services, paint shops or truck driving to provide added value in reconstruction efforts. 3. The local market is functioning but local entrepreneurs need support in order to keep businesses operational such as repairs of shops for those directly affected by damage by conflict, restoration of vital utilities such as access to electricity/water or to promote additional creation of job places in existing businesses/stimulate re-investment in local economy.

6 4. In general the RNA demonstrates a distrust in formal organisations and institutions. Provision of business development training and network events is needed to support entrepreneurs analyse markets, improve managerial skills, facilitate peer-to-peer learning. 5. Tearfund to conduct livelihood project in the location WASH Hygiene promotion recommendations: 1. With this low level of chlorine residual (<0.1 Cl mg/l in all 10 tested samples collected on household level) water will require additional purification in summer. Extensive hygiene promotion should include water conservation methods. 2. Faecal coliforms were found in household water sample from Wana Center. Further information is needed from the KAP survey to determine source of contamination and appropriate messaging, perhaps combined with clean NFIs distribution. 3. Health center was reporting incidents of scabies (especially people returning from camps). Extensive hygiene promotion focused on personal hygiene preceded by KAP survey is required to alleviate the suffering. WASH NFIs: 1. Tearfund to do a comprehensive emergency intervention in the six recovering villages is needed including water tanks, full family hygiene kits, perhaps dignity kits - requires further assessment. Purchase order was put in place for immediate hygiene kits distribution (75 HHs) as people lacking access to latrines, squatting in empty mosque with domestic animals were at the same time reporting restricted access to Wana market to purchase soap. The returnees are in dire need for basic hygiene items, otherwise diseases are going to spread rapidly. Sanitation: 1. Emergency latrines provision (with hand washing stations and ideally drainage design and pits digging tools) for all households in 6 recovering villages is required. However, in absence of centralised sludge system further liaison is needed to determine further desludging cost and method. Water supply: 1. Further investigation is needed in order to fully understand the piping (DoW Wana has requested change of pipes diameters in certain locations); water surface treatment master system and hydrogeological features of the area. 2. Der um Tuna WTP is going to be assessed in weeks to follow as it was pointed by both DoW and Municipality as high need location. Liaison with DRC and ICRC is needed to understand why the project was previously rejected. Shelter and settlements: 1. The RNA demonstrates a emergent need for families in relation to NFI provision; with families lacking all basic household NFIs; whilst the markets are functional for MPCA there are some villages that are further away from the available market place where NFI assistance is more appropriate 2. Majority of families are living in unfinished buildings with security concerns about safety and safety of belongings; a copy of this report will be furnished to the UNHCR and Shelter and settlements cluster 3. Prioritize villages and HH with limited access to available markets for NFI assistance, focussing on basic NFIs and seasonal NFIs. Protection: Information sharing: Muktahs are reluctant to share information or lists of community members; and the Sub Mayor prefers all names are checked through their office; as there is still a suspicion of many families in the villages of association with ISIS

7 Gender and vulnerability During the RNA 36% of respondents reported problem that the latrine is not private or the lighting is insufficient making is unsafe for women and girls/vulnerable people 10% reported that a person with a disability was living in the household Photo documentation: Wana Center piping plan obtained from DoW. Different colors indicate different diameters. Hydrogeological map obtained from the DoW showing watershed and the river within Wana District. Further information from DoW Mosul is needed to fully understand water distribution, current needs and where to plan intervention to boost the water surface purification system capacity.

8 One of the totally destructed villages in Wana District (category IV under Shelter Cluster classification) A family sheltering in abandoned mosque in one of the destructed villages together with their cattle. The shelter does not include any sanitation facilities, is cut off from electricity and water network. Currently inhabited mosque in one of the villages. Mosques were only one buildings spared by Peshmerga during the military operation.

9 Improvised latrine serving over 50 ppl in Mehwer South. Returnees have been rebuilding their shelter with their own means, without access to hardware, electricity, tools, in some cases running water for cement solution preparation. Pictured shelter has been hosting over 45 people, including elderly women and children. Many of families have requested tents to help them survive till they finish they modest shelter reconstruction. As there is nothing to seal off yet, the sealing off kits would not be appropriate intervention just yet. Summer NFIs, basic household kits, WASH NFIs (1 m3 water tanks, full hygiene kits including water kits) would certainly be great relief. Modest shelters with no floors or windows with only NFIs the returnees currently possess - mattresses and some of cooking items.

10 Lack of electricity makes it difficult for people to rebuild their houses to decent standard. Pictured men from Mehwer South, near Mokhtar s house, organised for themselves small emergency generator but it s not enough to cover the need. Provision of approx. 50 kva generator would be great relief.