EAST AFRICAN MODEL UNITED NATIONS ADVISOR S BOOKLET

Transcription

1 EAST AFRICAN MODEL UNITED NATIONS ADVISOR S BOOKLET

2 Advisor's Section Welcome, This packet has three complete guides to understanding the EAMUN conference and it's proceedings. Each section offers a comprehensive guide that will assist it's reader into preparing for conference. Advisor's Section Delegate's Section Ambassador's Section Please note: For updates prior to the conferences concerning Special Summit, ICJ, and GHC topics, MCC applications, or updates to Junior Chair and Securtitary notes please see the EAMUN Facebook page ( 2

3 Advisor's Section Table of Contents Welcome,... 2 Please note:... 2 Table of Contents... 3 Welcome!... 4 First-time Participants... 5 Organisation & Administration... 7 Officers... 8 The Management Committee... 9 The Executive Committee Regulations for Participants Policy Agreement Online Registration Visitors to Conference Disciplinary Policy Dress Code Selection of Ambassadors Responsibilities Preparing Your Students Research Prior to Conference Acting Diplomatically Common Conference Terms Guidelines for General Debate Communication During Debate Chairperson s Phrases Joining the Press Corps Bringing Resolutions to Conference Resolution Pathway How to Write a Resolution Formatting a Resolution Initiating Phrases Motions Table of Parliamentary Procedure Members of the United Nations International Court of Justice Special Summit Global Health Council Mendonsa Charity Council

4 Advisor's Section INTRODUCTION Welcome! Dear Advisors, Model United Nations began around the world as early as 1923, with simulated sessions of what was then called the League of Nations. These sessions are now held in numerous countries at all levels, ranging from high schools to universities and adult MUN sessions. The East African Model United Nations program consists of the EAMUN conference, for students aged between 14 to 19 years, and the MSMUN conference, for students between ages 11 to 14 years. This program has grown over the past decades from a small interschool activity into an international student conference. The year will be the 23rd Annual MSMUN and the 35th Annual EAMUN session. Both programs have evolved over the years to become excellent platforms for students to hone a number of skills including debating and public speaking skills, journalistic talents, leadership skills as well as providing an invaluable opportunity for students to develop their self-confidence. Student involvement continues to expand to include more and more students from not just Nairobi but also from all over Kenya and other countries. Tremendous support for both the MSMUN and EAMUN programs is offered by the staff at the UN headquarters in Gigiri, Kenya. This support together with the growing popularity of both of these programs has provided the resources to continue to build up the program and maximise the experiences of all our delegates. We look forward to implementing a number of changes and improvements this year that will further enrich our MUN program and make it even more enjoyable for all those involved. This booklet is designed to familiarize both advisors and student delegates with guidelines for preparation, general rules of procedure and necessary information about this year s MSMUN and EAMUN conferences. All advisors are strongly urged to habitually refer to this booklet during their preparations for the conference. We are looking forward to working with you to make this year s MSMUN and EAMUN conferences as educationally sound and personally rewarding for your students as possible. Sincerely, Erick Huma EAMUN and MSMUN Coordinator 4

5 Advisor's Section First-time Participants This section is a basic guide and explanation for all the schools that are taking part in our MUN programme for the first time. MUN simulates the activities of the real United Nations and aims to build up the confidence and enhance the debating skills of all the participants, as well as raise interest about international issues with the youth. At each annual conference, delegates are divided into various committees, each of which deals with problems that would merit an international response from the UN. Each delegation will have one delegate in each of the four principal committees. In our EAMUN programme, the four principal committees are the 1. Economic Committee 2. Ecology Committee 3. Human Rights Committee 4. Political Committee Specialised committees include the 1. Security Council Only current Security Council members (permanent or otherwise) will be allowed to send an additional delegate to the Council. 2. International Court of Justice Delegates will be informed prior to conference if they are involved in an ICJ case. 3. Special Summit Delegates of the Special Summit must be registered separately. 4. New Specialized Committee In our MSMUN programme, the four principal committees are the 1. Ecology Committee 2. Health Committee 3. Human Rights Committee 4. Technology Committee Additionally, there currently is no ICJ, Special Summit, or GAC for MSMUN. Any participating delegation may write one resolution per country per committee, unless the delegation is a Security Council member (in which case an additional Security Council resolution may be written). A resolution is a formal text that identifies a problem of international concern (selected by the delegate) and presents a possible solution. All resolutions must follow the formatting guidelines that are given later in this booklet. 5

6 Advisor's Section During debate, the sponsor of the resolution, that is, the resolution s principal writer, will present their resolution and defend it in an attempt to secure votes for its passage. If the resolution passes in the committee stage, it may be re-debated in a larger assembly of multiple committees if that particular conference year runs the General Assembly. For more information, please visit our website 6

7 Advisor's Section PROGRAMME LEADERSHIP Organisation & Administration The following section briefly outlines and describes each of the administrative positions as well as their roles in organising and directing the MUN organisation. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Consisting of principals from four participating schools, two advisors, the MUN Coordinators, and one representative from the United Nations, the Board of Trustees ensures that the organisation is fulfilling its stated objectives, making decisions regarding policy and strategy so that the EAMUN continues to move forward. Members of the Board serve a renewable term of three years. After every three years, the Management Committee will identify new members who will be appointed to vacant positions. THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE The Management Committee consists of four adult members serving as MSMUN/EAMUN Coordinators and MSMUN/EAMUN Assistant Coordinators. In each programme, the MUN Coordinator is the primary administrator who has the final say on all decisions, working in conjunction with the Assistant Coordinator. The members of the Management Committee serve in an advisory capacity to the Executive Committee and attend to various administrative tasks for the organisation, namely managing finances and liaising with the UNON. Members of the Management Committee may be representatives from any of the participating schools, given that no two members are from the same participating school. Furthermore, a school may not have members in both the Management Committee and the Board of Directors. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The Executive Committee is a group of six students that handles much of the day-to-day affairs of the organisation, including editing official documents, training officers, and organising mock debates and workshops. Students from participating schools in Nairobi may apply for a position on the Executive Committee if they have met the following requirements: 1. They must have at least one year s experience in the MUN programme; 2. They must have been selected as a chairperson, whether junior or senior; 3. They must display mastery over parliamentary procedure; 4. They must be strong, fair leaders who have demonstrated an aptitude for management during their tenures as either a Junior Chairperson or a Senior Chairperson; 5. They must be organised and capable students who would be able to handle the additional workload posed by their duties; 6. They must demonstrate teamwork and cooperation to ensure that they would operate successfully within such a close-knit environment of peers. 7

8 Advisor's Section Officers Each year we offer a limited number of positions to MUN participants who are interested in taking on administrative responsibilities during the build-up to and during the week of conference. The following roles are exclusively student-held, and all officers are appointed by the Executive Committee. SENIOR CHAIRPERSONS Senior Chairpersons are appointed based on a combined evaluation of each applicant s knowledge of parliamentary procedure and leadership skills. To be eligible to apply for a position as a Senior Chairperson, a student must have successfully completed the Junior Chairperson training course at least once in the last two years. As senior officers in the committee rooms, Senior Chairpersons will lead the chairing staff and act as the Executive Committee s representative throughout debate. All eligible and interested applicants will be required to sit a written exam and potentially undergo an interview in the first week of September. MEDIA DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS AND MEDIA DIRECTOR OF LOGISTICS The Media Director of Publications is responsible for handling all social media required by the Executive Committee. Whilst at conference, they will be responsible for the creation of the daily EAMUN newsletter and the creation of the end-of-conference video. They will also oversee the capturing of pictures and the efficiency of getting them on the Facebook Page. The Media Director of Logistics is responsible for coordinating all logistical assignments associated with Press Corps. They must handle the equipment required by the Press Corps in order for them to get their work done. They must organise/attend regular meetings with Ms. Kina. They must also handle the interviews of guest speakers, Executive Committee members, etc. JUNIOR CHAIRPERSONS Junior Chairpersons are appointed after undergoing a training course in parliamentary procedure, held from September through November. Their primary responsibility is to direct debate and maintain order during their assemblies sessions. When not chairing, they will act as delegates, but will not be allowed to participate in the Special Summit. All participating schools can select a maximum of four candidates to take part in the Junior Chairperson training course. Any candidate that misses more than two training sessions, unexcused or otherwise, will automatically be dropped from the course. A final group of Junior Chairpersons will be selected by the Executive Committee based on a holistic evaluation of each candidate s leadership potential, knowledge of parliamentary procedure, and confidence. SECURITARIES Securitaries are the administrative backbone of the MUN programme. They monitor the behaviour of delegates, assist the Chairperson, and perform various other tasks as needed (such as passing notes or manning doors). As officers, they also undergo a training course in parliamentary procedure, but with a greater focus on learning the rules and regulations set by the programme. 8

9 Advisor's Section The Management Committee ERICK HUMA EAMUN/MSMUN COORDINATOR Hillcrest School mobile: (+254) WINNIE FRANCISCO EAMUN ASSISTANT COORDINATOR Hillcrest School mobile: (+254) FABIENNE EYRAUD MSMUN ASSISTANT COORDINATOR Lycée Denis Diderot mobile: (+254)

10 Advisor's Section East African & Middle School Model United Nations The Executive Committee MAKENZIE HANSON SECRETARY-GENERAL Rosslyn Academy mobile: (+254) KHILEN PATEL DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL Premier Academy mobile: (+254) AKHIL NADIGATLA CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 1ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY Premier Academy mobile: (+254) ASIYAH SHAFI CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 1ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY Peponi House Preparatory School mobile: (+254) ELISABETH KUGURU CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 2ND GENERAL ASSEMBLY Rift Valley Academy mobile: (+254) ANKIT MEHTA CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 2ND GENERAL ASSEMBLY Oshwal Academy Senior High mobile: (+254)

11 Advisor's Section REGISTRATION Regulations for Participants In order for a school to register and participate in the East African or Middle School Model United Nations the following must be read and agreed to. The school administrator (head teacher, director, superintendent) is required to sign this form indicating the understanding and agreement to the following stipulations: Any given school can officially register a maximum of one adult advisor for every fifteen students (or part thereof). This means that no school is eligible to officially register more than two adult advisors. The advisor(s) should be the teacher(s) who are assisting the MUN students as they prepare to represent their assigned countries at the MUN conference. From the officially registered advisors, one is to be designated as the official contact person with the MUN administration. All correspondence will be sent through the one advisor designated as the contact person for the school (contact information on the school/advisors is to be provided on the back of this form). The school agrees that at least one officially registered advisor will be present at all official MUN functions to supervise its students. Official MUN functions include: all inter-school debates, scheduled advisor meetings, lobbying day, all days of MUN conference, and the MUN closing dance. It is recommended that an official advisor be present for the training sessions of Junior Chairpersons and Securitaries. The person in charge of the school must sign this form. No countries will be assigned to a school until this form (with the corresponding information completed on the back) has been signed and returned to the MUN administration along with the school registration fee paid in full (no refunds of any fees will be made once they are paid). No countries will be assigned to a school until the fee for each country has been paid and this form has been submitted. All other individual student fees must be paid on or before December 1 in order for non-delegate students to be eligible to participate. If the school becomes ineligible to participate, that means that no students from that school will be eligible to participate in any capacity. Individual students who have not paid or submitted their two photos by this deadline will not be eligible to participate. Failure to adhere to this agreement will mean that a school s eligibility to participate in future MUN conferences is in jeopardy. As the person in charge of (name of school), my signature on this form indicates that I have read and agree to the terms stipulated above for the school to participate in the MUN conference. Name of Administrator Position Signature Date 11

12 Advisor's Section Policy Agreement This must be signed by the EAMUN or MSMUN supervisor and submitted along with the payment and registration information. This form is valid for the 2017 MSMUN and EAMUN conferences. I,, (name of advisor) accept responsibility for the delegation from (name of school) and understand that all participating students must adhere to the behaviour guidelines established by the Executive Committee and the Management Committee. I understand that failure to do so will result in the punishment of the student or the school and the severity of this punishment will be determined by the Executive Committee and the Management Committee and may include the suspension or expulsion of the student or the school from the EAMUN programme. I understand that 1. During the conference or any EAMUN organised event, all students must follow instructions from and give complete respect to the Senior Chairs and the Executive Committee members. 2. Students must adhere to the dress code at all times. 3. Delegates are expected to remain in their respective committee rooms while the committee is in session unless they have received written permission from their Senior Chair to be in another committee room. 4. Students must not tamper with official EAMUN name badges in any way including the trading of name badges. 5. Students must not tamper with any UNON or EAMUN property. 6. Students must not verbally or physically abuse any other conference participants. 7. Any student who engages in discrimination due to disability, race, religion, gender, age, physical appearance or any other personal characteristic will be immediately expelled. 8. Plagiarism is grounds for expulsion. 9. No student may attempt to threaten, bribe or coerce in any way any EAMUN official or any of his or her fellow participants. 10. Students are prohibited from smoking, drinking, or taking any form of intoxicating drug at any EAMUN event. This includes the use of khat and marijuana. 11. Students must respect all UNON and EAMUN property. Vandalism of either of these is grounds for expulsion from the EAMUN program. 12. Students must not engage in public displays of affection while at any EAMUN events. 12

13 Advisor's Section 13. Any student who engages in any activity, which is illegal under the laws and statutes of the Republic of Kenya, will immediately be expelled and his/her school may face suspension or expulsion from the program. This includes but is not limited to discrimination, theft or the possession of: toy guns, any weapons, alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs. 14. All students must obey and respect all other rules and guidelines given by the Executive Committee or the Senior Chairpersons. 15. The failure to observe any of the above rules and regulations may result in suspension or expulsion from the programme. I affirm that all participants from my school are aware of all the guidelines for behaviour and are aware that failure to observe the code of conduct of the EAMUN programme will lead to punishment to be determined by the Executive Committee and the Management Committee. I further understand that 1. The EAMUN programme will accept no liability for the loss or damage of any valuables or the injury of any delegates over the course of the conference. 2. The EAMUN programme will not refund any fees paid after the December 1 st deadline. Name of Advisor School Signature Date 13

14 Advisor's Section Online Registration To register, first head to Keep in mind that registration is open and rolling once all countries have been allocated, registration will close and schools will no longer be able to sign up for delegations for that year s conference. Schools in the EAMUN programme may register for a maximum of three delegations, and those in MSMUN for a maximum of five. OVERVIEW The registration is a one-off process that identifies the registering school advisor as person responsible for operating their school account. After registration an advisor will be allowed to login and manage their account, add participants, and select delegates. The registration page can be accessed by clicking on the Get Started menu or from the conferences page. The registration process requires you to fill in your institution information and the conference delegates information. Registration is chargeable and an invoice will be provided after the process is completed for payment purposes. All payment slips should be scanned and ed to finance@eamun.org. A confirmation link will be sent to the address provided to enable you to activate your account. LOGIN Visit the page to log in and access your account. You can also use the login menu option to access the login page. Use the link to logout after you are done. A logout menu option is also provided on the main menu. ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT All functions accessible to the advisor can be accessed from the My Account menu ( account/my). From here, advisors can edit institution information, change passwords and user details, manage subscriptions, and view payments. User information such as the registered address and phone number can also be edited from the My Account page. EDIT INSTITUTION INFORMATION To change institution information, select the institution menu option on the My Account page. The currently stored institution details will be displayed. This page will allow you to edit details such as phone number, address, postal address, etc. Edit the desired fields and click on the Edit Details button to save the changes. CHANGE PASSWORD Accessing the My Account page will also allow you to change your password. Select the password menu option on the My Account page to do so. Your current password is required before you can change your password. Enter your current password and the new password then click on the Change Password button to change the password. SUBSCRIPTIONS LIST 14

15 Advisor's Section The subscription list is found on the My Account page, and provides a summary of the conference subscriptions you have registered for. Additional menu options are provided for each item on the list; these include information about your registration details, access to the delegates information, and an overview of institution allocation. USERS LIST All users associated with your institution can also be accessed from the institutions page. User details may also be edited from this page. ADD USER To add a user, from the My Account page select the institution menu option, then select the All Users menu option. From the user list page select the Add User menu and enter the required details then click on the Add User button to add a new user. EDIT USER To edit a user, from the My Account page select the institution menu option, then select the All Users menu option. On the list provided, click on the edit link for the desired user item, and open the edit user form. Edit the desired fields and click on the Edit Details to save the changes. DELEGATE MANAGEMENT Advisors are required to add all the participants names via the Manage Delegate page. The names are required to register delegates and allow the coordinators to produce badges. Access to the Manage Delegate page also allows advisors to add/remove delegates as necessary as well as to assign students to delegations. ADD DELEGATES To access the Delegate Management page, open the My Account page and scroll down to the subscriptions section. Click on the delegates link on the desired conference, this will open the delegate page. Select the Manage Delegates menu option. From the Manage Delegates page, scroll down to the options tabs and select the Add Delegate tab. On this tab click on the link for users to open the users list which has the Add User menu option. Enter the user details and click on the Add User button to save the record. To edit the delegates information use the Edit User option provided. EDIT DELEGATES To alter the selected list of delegates, on the Manage Delegates page, locate the options tabs and select the Select Delegation tab, on the selected tab, click on the Edit Delegation button. On the resulting page, select the delegate name, role, committee and country preferred. Click on the Edit Delegates button to save the changes. EXCLUDE DELEGATES To remove a participant from the delegates list, On the Manage Delegates page, locate the options tabs and select the Select Delegation tab, on the selected tab, click on the Exclude Candidate button. On the resulting page, select the delegate name to exclude and click on the Remove from Delegation button to remove the selected. DELEGATES LIST To access the delegates list page, from the My Account page and scroll down to the subscriptions section. Click on the delegates link on the desired conference, this will open the delegates page. 15

16 Advisor's Section BADGE AND BADGE LIST The badge and the badge list pages can be accessed from the delegates page, and they provide a preview of the delegates badges. REGISTRATION SUMMARY The registration summary provides an overview of the registration details including the countries that have been allocated to an institution, the number of delegates, the payments summary, and the list of the current delegates names. To access the summary page, open the My Account page and scroll down to the subscriptions section. Click on the summary link on the desired conference. ALLOCATIONS The EAMUN coordinators will allocate countries to registered institutions. The list of country allocations is provided and can be accessed from the Subscriptions list on the My Account page. Countries will only be allocated to an institution when the full payment has been made. PAYMENTS LISTS After registration, advisors are required to make the payments and provide payment confirmation to the coordinators. Accepted payments will be listed on the payments list that is accessible from the My Account page. An option to view the payment details is provided. Please remember to scan all payment slips and them to finance@eamun.org. 16

17 Advisor's Section CONFERENCE INFORMATION Visitors to Conference Beginning in the conference year, EAMUN will not issue visitors badges to any schools or individuals unless under special circumstances that have been communicated to the administration well before conference. Individuals not officially registered with the programme but still wanting to attend conference must give a fee for the use of visitors badges. In accordance with the updated policy, additional advisors a school may wish to bring beyond its limit of two per programme will need to register at the start of the year. Each additional advisor will incur an added cost equal to the delegate registration fee. Disciplinary Policy We consider that taking part in the MUN programme is a privilege granted to students who are attending the schools that have official registered and paid the necessary fees. As such, we have a stringent disciplinary policy in place to make sure that the experience is a good one for everyone. BADGE CLIPPINGS A badge clipping" refers to the physical cutting of a corner of the official MUN name badge that is issued to all participating students. It is the most common response to minor infractions of the rules and it serves as a permanent indicator that the student has already once failed to comply with regulations. Badge clippings are not reported to a school s advisor, but they should be visible to anyone upon inspection of a clipped delegate s badge. Badges may only be clipped by Executive Committee members, Senior Chairpersons, Head Securitaries, and the Executive Assistant. Junior Chairpersons, Securitaries, and Advisors do not have the authority to clip badges. Rather, they may bring students to the attention of those who are authorised to clip badges. Official UN security personnel will bring students to an Executive Committee member or Coordinator to report an infraction and will leave the penalty up to them. Any student who has the official MUN name badge clipped a second time for any reason will be expelled from the program. SUSPENSIONS A suspension involves the removal of a delegate from the MUN programme for a specific period of time before he or she is allowed to return. A suspension may result for any student involved in any activity that is considered less sever than those mentioned below, which would warrant a suspension. The circumstances will be discussed by the Executive Committee and a final decision will be made and reported to the student and the student's advisor. A suspension may begin immediately or may begin the following day depending on the infraction and the final decision of the Committee members. 17

18 Advisor's Section EXPULSIONS Any student found to have committed a serious infraction of the behaviour expected by participants may be expelled from the program at the discretion of the Executive Committee. Expulsion involves the complete removal of the student involved for the duration of the MUN programme. The student will not be allowed to remain on the UN compound as a participant or as a spectator. The student will not be allowed to maintain possession of his or her MUN name badge. The expulsion of any student will most often involve a discussion of the circumstances by the Executive Committee members. The student involved and the student's advisor will be informed of the basic facts related to the circumstances and a further inquiry will be conducted if necessary. After investigating the situation, the Committee will make a decision regarding the expulsion and will report it to the student in the presence of the school s advisor. The Committee s decision is final. The Executive Committee shall be required and trusted to make all decisions free of bias even if an Executive Committee member is involved in any way with the matter at hand. In the event that the Executive Committee cannot arrive at a conclusion, the MUN Coordinators shall be consulted. The Secretary-General (or acting leader in case of an absence) will report the outcome of the Committee's decision to the student and the student's advisor with support from the MUN Coordinator and other Committee members if needed. Students will be expelled from the programme for the remainder of the conference for the following reasons: Smoking/drinking/drug use at any MUN-related event - If a student is caught smoking, drinking, or abusing substances at any MUN-related event there will be no discussion. - The expulsion will be put into immediate effect and the student s advisor will be informed. Plagiarism - If evidence arises that all or part of a student s resolution consists of another individual s work without proper citation, he or she will be considered for expulsion. - Expulsion may include all members of the delegation or only those directly involved. Serious cases of misbehaviour - This includes an insulting or disrespectful attitude towards any Executive Committee member, Senior Chairperson, Head Securitary, Advisor, or a member of the UN. Vandalism of MUN property or that of hosting venues directly associated with MUN events Bribing, coercing, or threatening anyone involved in the programme for votes, yielding, or unscreened note passing Trading, falsifying, or altering official name badges in any way - This would include attempting to purchase a replacement badge for one that has been clipped unless the student notifies the MUN administration so that the replacement badge can be clipped before being issued. 18

19 Advisor's Section Theft of any MUN materials, the personal belongings of participants, or the property of the host venue Serious disruption of proceedings without justifiable cause Two badge clippings for any individual will result in expulsion for the remainder of the conference (reference the section on badge clippings for more details) Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and that the Executive Committee reserves the right to decide that an issue not explicitly mentioned here warrants an expulsion. Dress Code As the EAMUN is a simulation of the world of diplomacy, all student participants are expected to dress in formal business attire at all official functions, including mock debates, workshops, and all the days of the conference. Formal business attire is not required at any of the training sessions or the closing dance. INFORMATION FOR ADVISORS During conference week, advisors are also expected to dress in formal business attire. Each day, advisors should assess the appropriateness of their students clothing. Students found violating dress code will be asked to change into something acceptable prior to entering the conference rooms (they may even be sent home to do so). Students violating dress code will not be permitted to remain on the UNON compound as observers. Dressing in school uniform will be considered appropriate during conference on the condition that the uniform fulfills the requirements outlined below. MEN S DRESS CODE Men s attire must include these items: Dress shirt Long-sleeved and sleeves unrolled All buttons fastened Tucked in Dress shoes Belt Tie Suit jacket (optional) Dress pants The following will not be allowed: T-shirts, unless worn under a dress shirt Headgear, unless for religious purposes or as part of the delegation s national dress Jeans, cargo pants, or corduroy/denim trousers Sagging Sneakers Shorts of any type WOMEN S DRESS CODE Women s attire may include the following: Women s business suits Professional dresses Blouses Sleeveless tops* 19

20 Advisor's Section Skirts* Slacks Dress shoes Sandals High heels Scarves as part of a professional ensemble or headdress Head coverings if for religious purposes or as part of national costume The following will not be allowed: Hats, berets, bandanas Corduroy/denim trousers, skirts, and jackets Jeans Tight, form-fitting trousers Trousers with studs, embroidery, or other applied designs Miniskirts Low-cut blouses and tops Blouses that are tight or form-fitting Any type of shorts Tops that reveal a bare midriff T-shirts of any type Leggings Sneakers *Sleeveless tops must have straps at least four fingers wide (index to little finger); skirts must end at a maximum width of four fingers from the knee. Individuals suspected of violating the dress code will be asked to make the necessary measurements themselves (i.e., check the four-finger width requirement). 20

21 Advisor's Section AMBASSADORS Selection of Ambassadors The EAMUN programme does not involve itself in the selection of ambassadors. Instead, each participating school should select one ambassador from the members of each delegation it is representing. Some schools allow the students in each delegation to elect their own ambassador. COMMON SELECTION CRITERIA The ambassador plays an important role in the overall representation of his or her delegation during conference week. As such, schools will generally appoint ambassadors based on their previous experience in MUN and leadership abilities, ensuring that each delegation has at least one experienced member. Others leave the decision to the advisor, to be made from a holistic evaluation of each delegation member s leadership abilities, trustworthiness, enthusiasm for the programme, and character. These are just examples of how ambassadors may be selected EAMUN does not recommend one selection process over another. Responsibilities These are the general responsibilities that ambassadors will be expected to fulfill during the conference year. Individual schools may assign additional responsibilities to their ambassadors. DELEGATION PROFILE In the months before conference, each ambassador should fill out a delegation profile form (available online) and distribute copies of it to the members of his or her delegation. This profile consists of basic information about the delegation that will guide the delegates research. RESOLUTIONS Ambassadors are responsible for heading their delegations efforts in writing resolutions however, it is not recommended that the ambassador alone write the resolution. They must ensure that the content of the resolution fits the criteria outlined later in this booklet (see How to Write a Resolution ) Formatting a Resolution ). and that all resolutions fulfill formatting requirements (see LOBBYING During the lobbying session, ambassadors must be keeping track of their delegations activities and encouraging delegation members to interact with others and garner support for resolutions. Ambassadors should also ensure that their delegation members are only supporting issues in a manner appropriate to their countries actual policies. Ambassadors should also assist any delegation members whose resolutions have been merged, making sure that the merged resolution is coherent and that the sponsors have a strategy for its presentation. 21

22 Advisor's Section COORDINATING THE DELEGATION Throughout conference week, ambassadors should be periodically checking in with their delegation members, remaining aware of debate proceedings in different committees and offering advice as necessary, especially to sponsors. All delegation members should be well-informed of their delegation s policies so as to accurately cast votes and participate in crisis situations. Ambassadors must also make sure that their delegations are represented in all the necessary committees. If a nation is involved in an ICJ case, the ambassador should ensure that at least one delegation member has prepared for trial and is present for the duration of the ICJ. DONATING FUNDS Most resolutions presented for debate will request funding from donor nations. If that is the case, a delegate of a recognised donor nation (see Donor Nations ) may make a realistic donation to a cause his or her country would support. Securitaries will note down all donations and report them to the Chair. Ambassadors must clear all donations before they are made. If a donor nation is pledging excessive amounts of money to a resolution or supporting a resolution inconsistent with its policies, the ambassador will be held responsible. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Additionally, ambassadors of countries involved in ICJ cases must fill out position statements (available online) and be present on the last two days of conference for trial. VOTING FOR BEST RESOLUTION Towards the end of conference, ambassadors will be given forms on which they may indicate what they believed to be the best resolution in each committee. One best resolution award will be presented for each committee, and delegations must vote for resolutions in the committees they participated in. A delegation, however, may not vote for its own school s resolutions. Ambassadors should vote in consultation with their delegation members and hand in completed forms to Executive Committee members or Senior Chairs. 22

23 Advisor's Section DELEGATE PREPARATION Preparing Your Students The single greatest responsibility of an advisor is to ensure that his or her students are prepared to actively and confidently participate in the MUN conferences. To that end, students should be familiar with their assigned delegations foreign policies have an in-depth knowledge of their committees possess an understanding of the nature of the United Nations, including its structure, purpose, and powers possess public speaking skills and the ability to evaluate others arguments as well as form their own demonstrate the ability to negotiate, compromise, and lead others have a working knowledge of EAMUN parliamentary procedure At conference, a delegate will be expected to: write, present, and defend resolutions fully participate in debate in the committees and the General Assembly contribute to his or her group as they work to solve a crisis situation Delegates to specialised committees such as the ICJ, GAC, and the Special Summit should also have thoroughly researched their respective cases/topics and be familiar with the procedure in each of the committees. In preparing for conference, we also highly encourage advisors to involve and make use of their student ambassadors. Research Prior to Conference As the EAMUN programme is a simulation of the real world United Nations organisation, it is important that every delegate knows his or her assigned nation s policies. Thorough research on the part of the delegates is thus essential to the success of the conference and ensures that the week is an accurate representation of international affairs. RESOURCES TO GUIDE RESEARCH An encyclopaedia is an excellent starting point for research into a delegation, along with other basic reference sources such as an atlas or an almanac. There are also a plethora of online sources available the CIA World Factbook is highly recommended. News agencies and periodicals like BBC and Newsweek also provide up-to-date coverage of international affairs that may be helpful to research. Delegates can even contact the local embassy of their nation and speak to a member of the 23

24 Advisor's Section diplomatic service there for information. When using these resources, look specifically for: An overview of the nation s history, particularly in regard to its participation in major conflicts. The nation s current economic state. Any treaties or organisations the country may belong to. The nation s historical enemies and allies. The degree to which the country participates in international affairs. The country s areas of interest (political, financial, etc.) abroad. The country s relationships with its neighbours. UNDERSTANDING THE UN MULTILATERAL SYSTEM Prior to coming to conference, it is essential that delegates have a firm understanding of what the United Nations organisation is, as well as a familiarity with its purposes and powers. Various historical documents, such as the UN Charter, are available online and there are plenty of books on the UN multilateral system. An accurate and thorough knowledge of what the United Nations is (and what it is not) will be particularly useful in writing and critiquing resolutions. Acting Diplomatically As EAMUN is a professional environment aimed at replicating the actual world of international politics, all delegates to the programme are expected to behave diplomatically. GENERAL RULES OF ETIQUETTE The following behaviours will not be acceptable at any time during conference: 1. Yelling and shouting at other participants. 2. Speaking rudely or using inappropriate language. 3. Interrupting someone while he or she is speaking. 4. Attempting to coerce someone into doing something against his or her will. 5. Attempting to bribe someone into doing something. RESPECT FOR FELLOW DELEGATES As mock diplomats and dignitaries, delegates should treat each other with a high degree of mutual respect. This entails, but is not limited to, Listening attentively to others proposals, especially during lobbying. Acknowledging another delegate s right to a difference in opinion, however that may manifest itself during the course of the week. Interacting politely with all other participants. 24

25 Advisor's Section Referring to other delegates during debate in the third-person and in a respectful manner, often as My fellow/esteemed delegate from OBSERVING DEBATE PROTOCOL Unless calling a motion that requires no recognition, delegates may only speak when the right to do so is accorded them by the Chair, either by receiving the floor or being called on (as is the case in Right to Explain Vote). Receiving the floor is known as recognition. Delegates may request the floor by raising their placards. - However, delegates should not raise their placards if someone else has received the floor or someone else is currently speaking. - Instead, they should wait for the Chair to call for requests for the floor. During debate proceedings, delegates are not allowed to speak to anyone other than fellow members from the same delegation that may be sitting with them. Conversations between members of the same delegation should be kept to a whisper. If a delegate or delegation becomes too noisy and begins to disturb other participants, they will face consequences that could result in their suspension from the assembly. If delegates wish to communicate with individuals in delegations other than their own, they may do so by sending a note through a Securitary. All notes will be screened as according to EAMUN Special Rule 20. Direct communication between the speaker and a delegate on the floor is also prohibited. Thus, if the speaker has not clearly hear or understood a Point of Information, he or she must inform the Chair, who will in turn request that the delegate from the floor either rephrase or restate the question. If at any point in debate a delegate is confused as to what is going on, he or she is free to inquire about parliamentary procedure via a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry (see Guidelines for General Debate ). 25

26 Advisor's Section Common Conference Terms The following is a list of frequently used terms at conference: abstention agenda chair chairperson committee council crisis situation destructive motion failed resolution floor General Assembly lobbying merged resolution mover open debate parliamentary procedure passed resolution placard privilege point an instance of declining to vote on a motion, whether for political purposes or a perceived lack of information on the issue; counts as a vote against the schedule of resolutions that will be debated in an assembly a body of EAMUN officers placed at the head of the assembly that enforces parliamentary procedure the spokesperson for the chair a specialised assembly that covers issues relating to a particular area of international interest a smaller deliberative body that generally focuses on a very specific area or topic a developing emergency that may be presented to a committee at any time; delegates will be tasked with writing a resolution to address the crisis any of the motions that seek to postpone or defeat a resolution a resolution that did not obtain a majority vote also: recognition; the right or opportunity to speak in debate, given by the chair the largest assembly hosted by EAMUN, consisting of two or more merged committees the process of garnering support for a particular resolution or issue prior to debate two resolutions that are similar enough in topic and proposed actions that they are combined by their sponsors into a single resolution the delegate who raises a motion the combined timings of debate time for and debate time against; eight minutes of open debate would therefore mean four minutes debate time for and four minutes debate time against the rules used to regulate the order of a meeting and provide structure to debate a resolution that did obtain a majority vote a printed sign bearing the name of each delegation, raised to request the floor or cast a vote refers to the four motions of highest precedence that grant certain conditional rights to delegates during debate 26

27 Advisor's Section right to explain vote second speaker time against time for vote against vote for voting procedures yielding an optional procedure following the vote on a resolution, exercised at the behest of the chair, in which delegations state which way they voted on an issue and why they did so an endorsement for the current motion being debated, expressed audibly by a member of the assembly the delegate who has been recognised by the chair and given the floor debate time in which delegates against a motion may speak debate time in which delegates for a motion may speak a vote from a delegate against the motion in question a vote from a delegate for the motion in question refers to the vote held at the end of debate to determine if a motion passes or fails the act of giving the floor to someone else Guidelines for General Debate YIELDING Once a delegate has finished his or her address to the assembly, he or she may do one of three things: 1. Yield to the Chair, saying, I now yield the floor to the Chair. The speaker will return to his or her seat, and the Chairperson will direct the debate from there. Yield to another delegation, saying, I now yield the floor to delegation. 2. The speaker will return to his or her seat, and the delegate that has been yielded to will come up and take the floor to speak. The delegate to which the floor was yielded must support the same side of the issue that the original speaker did. The floor may be yielded to another delegation only once consecutively (i.e., a second yielding to another delegation would be out of order). 3. Yield to Points of Information, saying, I know yield to Points of Information or I am now open to Points of Information. The speaker will remain at the podium and take questions concerning his or her speech from the assembly. Delegates wanting to pose a Point of Information will raise their placards and the Chair will call on them. A speaker may only be open to three Points of Information. Speakers in time against a Main Motion or an Amendment must be open to at least one Point of Information. 27

28 Advisor's Section Speakers may choose to decline to answer Points of Information (unless they have spoken against a Main Motion or Amendment). Ultimately, all yieldings must go through the Chair, who will either approve or disapprove of them as per the regulations set forth in parliamentary procedure. VOTING PROCEDURES When open debate (that is, both debate time for and debate time against) has closed for a motion, the assembly will move into voting procedures for that motion. The Chair will first call for the positive votes (i.e., those voting for the passage of the motion) then the negative votes (i.e., those voting against the passage of the motion), and finally for any abstentions (only if the motion requires a majority vote to pass). Delegates will cast their votes by raising their placards at the appropriate times, as requested by the Chair. While voting, delegates should keep in mind that Only one vote is allowed for each delegation. When voting on a resolution, a vote for its passage means that the voting delegate approves of the resolution in its current form and supports its implementation. A vote against a resolution means that the voting delegate disapproves of the resolution in its current form (either believing that it needs revision or should be abandoned entirely) and does not support its implementation. No motion may interrupt voting procedures except for a Point of Privilege due to audibility or a Point of Order concerning the voting procedure itself. Finally, while abstentions are in order for any motion requiring a majority vote to pass, they should be seldom used, especially when voting on a Main Motion. It is important that delegates understand in what situations an abstention is warranted: When a delegation does not have enough information on its stance on the issue or the issue itself to make an informed decision. When there is strong evidence to suggest that, given its political ties, it would be unwise for a delegation to strongly commit on the issue being discussed (perhaps for fear of offending allies on opposing sides of the issue). RIGHT TO EXPLAIN VOTE After voting has been completed and the Chair has announced whether the motion has passed or failed, the assembly may move into Right to Explain Vote, as dependent on the discretion of the Chairperson. In Right to Explain Vote, member nations of the assembly will be randomly selected and asked to state which way they voted and why they did so. The Chairperson will, to the best of his or her ability, attempt to garner responses from countries that voted on all sides of the issue: those that voted for, those that voted against, and those that abstained. PRIVILEGE POINTS Privilege Points are special motions accorded to delegates to ensure that their rights, comforts, and dignity are protected by parliamentary procedure, in turn enforced by the Chair. For a more in-depth description of the Privilege Points and how they are used, please see Motions. 28

29 Advisor's Section Communication During Debate During conference proceedings, delegates will only be allowed to communicate with one another via written notes transmitted by a Securitary. NOTEPAPER Delegations are expected to provide their own notepaper, printed prior to conference. EAMUN will not photocopy notepaper for delegations, nor will the UNON staff. Delegations should print out a quantity sufficient to last all delegation members throughout the week. Acceptable notepaper must be printed, bearing To" and From" designations, and a set of lines labeled Message: for the actual content of the note. An example of acceptable notepaper is shown below: REGULATIONS REGARDING NOTES Notes failing to meet the requirements below will be immediately discarded, and the sender may even face expulsion, depending on the severity of the infringement. Discarded notes will still count towards each delegation s limit of three notes per committee per day. Messages must be addressed from one delegation to another using only the names of the delegations involved. Messages must pertain solely to official business. Personal information or any comments unrelated to committee proceedings will not be acceptable. Notes may not contain insulting comments, inappropriate language, or inappropriate comments about members of the assembly. All notes must be written in English. All notes must be screened by a Head Securitary or an appointed advisor prior to being delivered. Notes sent to another committee room must be screened prior to leaving the room. Each delegation will be allowed to send a maximum of three notes per day in any given conference room. Any notes sent by a delegation beyond this limit will automatically be discarded. Notes addressed to the current speaker will not be delivered. Participants attempting to bribe, coerce, or threaten a Securitary into delivering an unscreened note risk expulsion from the programme. Securitaries have been informed that any such an attempt should be immediately reported to the Chair. The Chair also has the power to suspend note sending for his or her committee. 29

30 Advisor's Section NOTES TO THE CHAIRPERSON EAMUN will provide specific notepaper only to be used for communication with the Chair, available in the ambassador s informational packet provided at the start of the conference week. Only these notes will be transmitted to the Chair. Additional notepaper for communication with the Chair may be requested from an Executive Committee member. Chairperson s Phrases The following section is an introduction into the language that a Chairperson will use during debate, so as to provide advisors with an accurate picture of how conference proceedings will be held. To allow for uninterrupted reading, the sample resolution (see Resolutions ) will be referenced in the phrases below. INTRODUCTION OF DEBATE ON A NEW RESOLUTION The Chair will say: The next resolution on the agenda is Establishing Wastewater Treatment Facilities to Reduce Pollution in Turkey s Territorial Waters. The sponsor, Turkey, has the floor. The sponsor the resolution will then approach the podium and read out his or her resolution to the assembly. If time is in short supply, the Chair may request that the sponsor only read the operative clauses. Once the resolution has been read, the Chair will say: The resolution has been read. Is there a second? OPENING DEBATE ON A RESOLUTION If the resolution was seconded, the Chair will open debate on the resolution, saying, We will now move into eight minutes debate time for this resolution. The sponsor has the floor. The sponsor is the first speaker in time for the resolution. He or she may first speak for the resolution or immediately yield the floor to another delegate. Once the Chair is once again in possession of the floor, he or she will say: The Chair has the floor. Are there any requests for the floor? Delegates wishing to speak will at this point raise their placards. To recognise a delegate, the Chair will say: Russia, you have the floor. Once debate time for the resolution has expired, the Chair will move into debate time against the resolution, saying, Debate time for this resolution has just expired. We will now move into eight minutes debate time against the resolution. Are there any requests for the floor? CLOSURE OF DEBATE ON A RESOLUTION When the time for open debate comes to an end, the Chair will say: Debate time against this resolution has just expired. The sponsor will now have one minute to strictly rebut or respond to any points brought against his resolution. VOTING PROCEDURES 30

31 Advisor's Section After the sponsor closing statement, the Chair will move into voting procedures, calling first for the positive votes: Time for sponsor closing statements has expired. We will now move into voting procedures. All those voting for this resolution, please raise your placards. Then the negative votes: All those voting against this resolution, please raise your placards. Finally, the Chair will call for abstentions: All those abstaining, please raise your placards. Countries abstaining are reminded to fill out abstentions forms. The Chair will then announce the result of the vote: This resolution passes. RIGHT TO EXPLAIN VOTE If time allows, the Chair may move into Right to Explain Vote: We will now move into Right to Explain Vote. Azerbaijan, please state which way you voted and why. TO CONTROL PROCEEDINGS DURING DEBATE If the speaker seems unsure of how to proceed at the podium, the Chair may ask one of the following: Does the speaker wish to yield the floor? Does the speaker wish to yield the floor to the Chair? Does the speaker wish to yield the floor to Points of Information? If the speaker yields the floor to another delegate, the Chair will say: This yielding is in order. Australia, you have the floor. If the speaker yields the floor the Chair, the Chair will say: The Chair has the floor. Are there any requests for the floor? If the speaker yields to Points of Information, the Chair will say: The speaker is open to Points of Information. Are there any Points of Information? Delegates wishing to ask a Point of Information will raise their placards, and the Chair will select one, saying, Cameroon, state your point. 31

32 Advisor's Section Joining the Press Corps During the week of conference, Press Corps members will be tasked with producing a newspaper for the delegates each day under the guidance of a supervisor, who will serve as the final editor of all material to be published. PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Generating stories and graphic images. 2. Editing all material for publication. 3. Distributing the paper the MUN participants. APPLYING TO THE PRESS CORPS Interested applicants will officially apply for positions in the Press Corps at the first mock debate, typically in October. All applicants residing in Kenya must attend the mock debate and submit a story based upon their reporting from the day. Absences communicated in advance to the Press Corps supervisor may be excused. The supervisor will then review each of the applications and create a final Press Corps roster ranging anywhere from eight to twenty members. Decisions will be made based on a combination of The candidate s demonstrated ability to meet deadlines. The candidate s demonstrated desire to participate in the Press Corps. The candidate s prompt attendance at MUN preparatory functions. The candidate s previous experience in the Press Corps. The cadndiate s publication skills. Fair representation of the participating schools will also be a factor in the decision. GENERAL GUIDELINES OF CONDUCT Press Corps members will be expected to Meet all of the expectations for attire, attendance, diplomatic behaviour and general conduct which are required of all MUN participants. Promptly report to the Press Corps room at the beginning of each day of the conference, to determine their work/assignment for the day. Inform potential interviewees of their status as Press Corps members and their intent to consider any and all comments for eventual publication in the MUN newspaper. Keep from falsely representing any individual, statement or image in the MUN newspaper unless as an obvious attempt at humour or satire. In such humorous or satirical cases, and at all times, Press Corps members are obliged to maintain a sense of respect for all MUN participants as well as the programme itself. RECONSIDERATION OF PRESS CORPS MEMBERSHIP 32

33 Advisor's Section Any Press Corps member who violates the regulations outlined above at any point of his or her membership will be reprimanded and potentially removed from the official Press Corps roster at the discretion of the supervisor. In such a case, members may appeal their loss of membership to the Press Corps supervisor and MUN administration. 33

34 Advisor's Section RESOLUTIONS Bringing Resolutions to Conference INTRODUCTION A resolution is a formal text, written and presented by a delegation, that describes an issue facing a country or region of the world and outlines a possible solution that could be implemented to address it. Resolutions of the General Assembly must fall under the domain of a specific committee either Ecology, Economic, Human Rights, or Political. Resolutions of the Security Council should deal with an issue that is consistent with the Council's primary purpose: the maintenance of international peace and security. SUBMITTING RESOLUTIONS FOR DEBATE All delegations, whether member states or Official Observers, will be allowed to submit one resolution to one of the four principal committees. Security Council members, permanent or otherwise, must submit one resolution to the Security Council and may also submit one resolution to one of the committees. All resolutions must be ed in.pdf format to coordinator@eamun.org by November 29th. Resolutions submitted past this deadline or sent in other file formats will not be considered by RAC. RESOLUTION APPROVAL COMMITTEE All resolutions submitted for debate will first be reviewed by the Resolution Approval Committee (RAC) to ensure that they meet the formatting requirements (see Formatting a Resolution ). Resolutions will also be screened for content and those that are deemed unsuitable for debate (i.e., too general, too brief, plagiarised, etc.) will be rejected. BRINGING RESOLUTIONS TO MOCK DEBATE Schools may also wish to bring the completed first drafts of their resolutions to the mock debate prior to conference schools interested in doing so are encouraged to bring resolutions written for a variety of committees. Schools must provide at least 200 hard copies of each resolution for distribution and send a soft copy in.pdf format to christian.eamun@gmail.com. The electronic submission should not be considered as a final submission to RAC. Even if not for debate, it is highly recommended that advisors bring their resolutions so that other advisors may review them for formatting errors during the workshop. 34

35 Advisor's Section Resolution Pathway RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO A COMMITTEE 35

36 Advisor's Section RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL 36

37 Advisor's Section How to Write a Resolution RESEARCH Prior to writing your resolution, it is advisable to carry out some preliminary research on your delegation, focusing in particular on basic background information (population, type of government, state of infrastructure) geography (location, neighbouring nations, land area, geographical features) economy (overall status, GNP, GDP, per capita income, major trading partners, natural resources) allies (formal alliances/associations, standing in major spheres of influence) policies on major issues (freedom of speech, nuclear weapons, environmental protection, minority rights) Keep in mind that your resolution does not necessarily have to focus on your country or region basic research will still go a long way, however, in allowing you to accurately represent your delegation throughout conference week. FOCUSING ON AN ISSUE As an intergovernmental organisation, the United Nations is primarily concerned with problems that are international in scope it is not a sort of massive charity that will donate funds to resolve the difficulties in any one country, especially if that country has the means of dealing with the issue on its own. Therefore, delegates are encouraged to write resolutions that address problems affecting multiple nations and not just their own. It is important, however, to not tackle issues that are too broad, such as world poverty remember, a resolution cannot exceed two pages! PREAMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE CLAUSES Each resolution is composed of two types of clauses: preambulatory and operative. The preambulatory clauses open every resolution and their primary purpose is to provide contextual details on the issue at hand. Preambulatory clauses may give information about what caused the problem what, if anything, has been done in the past to resolve it (and why these efforts have been unsuccessful) who is affected by the problem why the problem is a matter worthy of the United Nations consideration what could potentially happen if the problem goes unaddressed Operative clauses form the second part of every resolution and outline the actual solution that will be implemented by the resolution. Generally, they cover what will be done to solve the problem who will be involved in the process of solving the problem (the domestic government, NGOs) how much money is needed, where it will come from, and how it will be used 37

38 Advisor's Section HELPFUL HINTS If the issue your resolution addresses is a large one that is prevalent in many countries, a pilot programme is a great idea to make your solution more plausible, both financially and politically. Essentially, a pilot programme is a trial run of your proposed solution on a small scale (often just in one country or area) to evaluate its efficacy in solving the problem prior to implementing it elsewhere. Every pilot programme should have both a timeframe for implementation and evaluation, as well as an outside expert or organisation that will assess the success of the programme. Any time you request funds from non-governmental organisations or donor nations, make sure you provide a breakdown of how it will be spent (double-check that it adds up!) as well as an outside watchdog agency that will ensure that the money is spent as it was meant to be. One of the characteristics of a good resolution is that it provides a solution that can be sustained by the domestic government not one that requires a constant flow of money from the United Nations. Try to incorporate the participation of the domestic government into your resolution so as to reduce or eliminate future dependance on the United Nations. Finally, in writing your resolution and in debate, remember that EAMUN is a simulation of a diplomatic forum and that you are here to represent your country s views and not your own thus, it is absolutely inappropriate to make insulting comments about your delegation or anyone else s. Formatting a Resolution A resolution should have 1-inch margins on all sides and be single spaced throughout. All text should be size 11 Times New Roman. HEADING In the top right corner: The advisor s name should be displayed first The ambassador s name should follow underneath The page number should be last In the top left corner: The name of the committee should be displayed first The number of the session should follow underneath The name of the sponsor should be last - Co-sponsors (that is, delegations who participated in writing the resolution) should also be listed in this area TITLE AND ADDRESS From the conference and onwards, resolutions will no longer begin with THE QUESTION OF" 38

39 Advisor's Section Instead, resolutions will be identified by topic, a brief, two-line description of what the resolution seeks to accomplish, and to what end Unless a resolution of the Security Council, the resolution should be addressed to the General Assembly - The address should be italicised and followed by a comma - The address should not be indented - If the resolution is to debated in the Security Council, it should be addressed to the Security Council, following the same formatting guidelines as any other resolution PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES Preambulatory clauses should begin with appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be italicised Preambulatory clauses should not be numbered Preambulatory clauses cannot have sub-clauses A single-line space should separate each perambulatory clause. Each clause should be followed by a comma OPERATIVE CLAUSES Operative clauses should begin with the appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be underlined Operative clauses should be numbered - Sub-clauses should be labelled as shown in the sample resolution on the following page - Only two sub-levels will be accepted for any operative clause (that is, to sub-level i.) Each clause should be followed by a semi-colon - If an operative clause has sub-clauses, it should be followed by a colon instead A single-line space should separate each operative clause, as well as sub-clauses The last operative clause should end with a period - It is not necessary that the last operative clause be an invitation for further suggestions or additions to the resolution. 39

40 Advisor's Section Initiating Phrases Preambulatory Clauses Affirming Determined Having reviewed Alarmed Emphasizing Having studied Anxious Encouraged Keeping in mind Appreciating Endorsing Mindful Aware Expressing deep concern Noting further Bearing in mind Expressing its appreciation Noting with approval Believing Expressing its satisfaction Noting with grave concern Cognizant Fulfilling Noting with regret Concerned Fully alarmed Noting with satisfaction Confident Fully believing Observing Conscious Further depicting Reaffirming Considering Further recalling Realizing Contemplating Grieved Recognizing Convinced Guided by Referring Declaring Having adapted Reiterating Deeply concerned Having considered Seeking Deeply conscious Having decided Stressing Deeply convinced Having devoted attention Taking into account Deeply disturbed Having examined Taking into consideration Deeply regretting Having heard Viewing with appreciation Deploring Having received Welcoming Desiring Having regarded Wishing 40

41 Advisor's Section Operative Clauses Accepts Draws attention Notes with regret Acknowledges Emphasizes Proclaims Adopts Endorses Reaffirms Affirms Expresses its appreciation Recognizes Appeals Expresses its conviction Recommends Applauds Expresses the hope Regrets Appreciates Expresses its regret Reminds Approves Expresses its sympathy Renews its appeal Authorizes Expresses its thanks Repeals Calls Further invites Requests Commends Further proclaims` Solemnly affirms Concurs Further recommends Stresses Condemns Further reminds Strongly condemns Confirms Further requests Suggests Congratulates Further resolves Supports Considers Has/Have resolved Takes note of Decides Instructs Transmits Declares Invites Trusts Demands Notes Urges Deplores Notes with approval Welcomes Designates Directs Notes with interest Notes with satisfaction A sample resolution can be found on the following two pages. 41

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44 Advisor's Section PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE Motions The following section is a brief overview of the fifteen motions that are utilised by the EAMUN. Familiarity with the each motion s proper procedure will aid you greatly in directing the flow of debate. A comprehensive explanation of each motion s usage and procedure is available online in the Delegate Packages. Please note that the MSMUN programme follows a modified set of motions. POINT OF PRIVILEGE Refers to delegates rights and comforts and is used mostly for audibility, but can also be used when delegates feel insulted or neglected. It can be called out at any time, except during voting. If used by a delegate while a speech is being delivered, it must pertain to audibility or insult. ORDERS OF THE DAY Used by delegates when they feel the issue being debated on the floor has gone significantly off track and does not pertain to the agenda, e.g., the solution being posed is about refugees in Somalia and the speaker starts talking about the Flintstones. The use of an example, however, should not be valid ground to call this motion. POINT OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Should be used when delegate wishes to get information about a point in parliamentary procedure that they do not understand, e.g., "Could the Chair please tell me how many votes the Main Motion requires to pass?". Its usage is encouraged in order to ensure that all delegates understand the proceedings in the assembly. POINT OF INFORMATION Can be directed to either the speaker or the Chair. When directed towards the speaker, this point is a way by which one can ask the speaker questions regarding their argument, limited to a short statement followed by a short question. A Point of Information to the Chair is used by the delegate to get information that does not pertain to parliamentary procedure, but to general EAMUN proceedings (e.g., "When do we break for lunch? ). When the speaker has answered a Point of Information, the mover of the Point of Information can request to follow-up on his or her question. This motion should be used when the mover of a Point of Information would like to get more information or clarify something mentioned in the speaker s answer to his or her first question. Only one Request to Follow-up may be entertained per Point of Information and two-way conversation will continue to be out of order. POINT OF ORDER This is used by a delegate if the Chair has made a wrong decision concerning parliamentary procedure, e.g., if the Chair calls for a vote on Extend Debate, for which no vote is required, the delegate can call out a Point of Order and tell the Chair that there is no vote for Extend Debate. 44

45 Advisor's Section APPEAL Used by a delegate when trying to overturn an arbitrary decision the Chair has made i.e. one that does not pertain to parliamentary procedure. If an appeal fails, the mover will be suspended from the assembly. WITHDRAW A MOTION When the sponsor of a resolution or an amendment or a mover feels that their motion is too weak or is wasting the assembly s time, the sponsor/mover can withdraw the motion before final action is taken on it (that is, a second or a vote, depending on the motion). LAY ON TABLE This motion is only used during debate time against a resolution. If the delegate who is against the resolution feels that there is no point in debating the resolution further, they may call to table, or put aside, the resolution. If the motion passes, the resolution will be tabled and the assembly will move on to the next resolution. TAKE FROM TABLE If for some reason a delegate feels that a resolution which has been tabled should be debated, the delegate will call for a Take from the Table. It is important to note, however, that if the vote for taking a resolution from the table passes, the resolution will be moved to the end of the agenda and may not be debated, depending on time constraints. PREVIOUS QUESTION This is a motion used to move the assembly into the next stage of debate before time has expired. For example, in debate time against, if no delegate wishes to speak against the resolution, the Chair or the delegates may call for Previous Question. If the motion is entertained in this scenario, the assembly will immediately move into sponsor closing statements. EXTEND DEBATE This motion is used by delegates who feel more time should be given to the resolution at hand. It may be called at the end of debate time for or against, but is only entertained at the end of time against. If time allows and the Chair feels the extension is valid, additional debate time for and against will be added on at the end of normal debate. AMENDMENT This motion is used when the delegate wants to revise the resolution by adding, deleting, or changing the operative clauses. Only less than half of the operative clauses may be amended. One cannot amend an amendment. The delegate fills in two amendment forms, detailing the changes they wish to make and sends one copy to the Chair. If the Chair feels the amendment is valid, the delegate will be called upon in debate time and the assembly will debate the amendment. POSTPONE INDEFINITELY This is a motion to discontinue debate on a motion and discard it, as the delegate feels that it does not deserve more of the assembly s time. If the motion passes, the resolution is discarded from the agenda and may not be brought up again at any time. On the other hand, if the motion is fails, debate will continue on the Main Motion and the Chair asks the speaker if they would like to speak in time against. RECONSIDER 45

46 Advisor's Section If a resolution has passed or failed, reconsidering it can reverse its verdict. A Reconsider can only be proposed by a member on the winning side of the vote, and if successfully reconsidered, the resolution is debated at the end of the agenda. MAIN MOTION Main Motion refers to the resolution being debated. All motions apply to Main Motion. Table of Parliamentary Procedure The table of parliamentary procedure is an arrangement of the motions by level of precedence in case multiple motions are called, the motion with the lower number (and thus higher precedence) will be entertained first. The table also provides some basic information about each motion such as whether or not it requires a second and the vote required for it to pass. Junior Chairperson Training TABLE OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE Motion Precedence Recognition Second Debatable Vote Timing* Point of Privilege 1 No No No None None Orders of the Day 2 No No No Maj. if obj. None Point of Parliamentary Inquiry 3 No No No None None Point of Information 4 No No No None None Point of Order 5 No No No None None Appeal 6 No Yes No ⅔+1 None Withdraw a Motion 7 Yes No No Maj. if obj. None Lay on Table 8 Yes Yes No Maj. None Take from Table 9 Yes Yes No ⅔+1 None Previous Question 10 No No No None None Extend Debate 11 No No No None 3 min. F & A Amendment 12 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 3 min. F & A Postpone Indefinitely 13 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 3 min. F & A Reconsider 14 Yes Yes No ⅔+1 30 sec. Main Motion 15 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 8 min. F & A *All timings are to the discretion of the Chairperson 46

47 Advisor's Section Members of the United Nations MEMBER STATES AFRICAN GROUP Algeria Ethiopia Nigeria Angola Gabon Rwanda Benin Gambia São Tomé and Príncipe Botswana Ghana Senegal Burkina Faso Guinea Seychelles Burundi Guinea-Bissau Sierra Leone Cabo Verde Kenya Somalia Cameroon Lesotho South Africa Central African Republic Liberia South Sudan Chad Libya Sudan Comoros Madagascar Swaziland Congo Malawi Togo Côte d'ivoire Mali Tunisia Democratic Republic of the Mauritania Uganda Congo Mauritius United Republic of Tanzania Djibouti Morocco Zambia Egypt Mozambique Zimbabwe Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Namibia Niger 47

48 Advisor's Section ASIA-PACIFIC GROUP Afghanistan Kuwait Republic of Korea Bahrain Kyrgyzstan Samoa Bangladesh Lao People's Republic Saudi Arabia Bhutan Lebanon Singapore Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Solomon Islands Cambodia Maldives Sri Lanka China Marshall Islands Syrian Arab Republic Cyprus Micronesia (Federated States of) Tajikistan Democratic People's Republic of Korea Mongolia Thailand Fiji Myanmar Timor-Leste India Nauru Tonga Indonesia Nepal Turkmenistan Iran (Islamic Republic of) Oman Tuvalu Iraq Pakistan United Arab Emirates Japan Palau Uzbekistan Jordan Papua New Guinea Vanuatu Kazakhstan Philippines Vietnam Kiribati Qatar Yemen EASTERN EUROPEAN GROUP Albania Estonia Romania Armenia Georgia Russian Federation Azerbaijan Hungary Serbia Belarus Latvia Slovakia Bosnia and Herzegovina Lithuania Slovenia Bulgaria Montenegro The former Yugoslav Republic of Croatia Poland Macedonia Czech Republic Republic of Moldova 48

49 Advisor's Section LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN GROUP Antigua and Barbuda Dominica Nicaragua Argentina Dominican Republic Panama Bahamas Ecuador Paraguay Barbados El Salvador Peru Belize Grenada Saint Kitts and Nevis Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Guatemala Saint Lucia Brazil Guyana Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Chile Haiti Suriname Colombia Honduras Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica Jamaica Uruguay Cuba Mexico Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) WESTERN EUROPEAN AND OTHERS GROUP Australia Iceland Norway Austria Ireland Qatar Bahrain Israel Singapore Belgium Italy Switzerland Canada Japan Republic of Korea China Kuwait Spain Denmark Liechtenstein Sweden Finland Luxembourg United Arab Emirates France Mexico United Kingdom Germany Netherlands United States of America 49

50 Advisor's Section OFFICIAL OBSERVERS As entities that have not been substantially recognised as nations or are best considered as organisations, Official Observers (indicated by red placards) are considered special participants of the EAMUN. Though each is permitted to submit one resolution to one of the four principal committees and may participate fully in all stages of debate, Official Observers do not have the right to vote. Amnesty International Greenpeace State of Palestine Arab League Holy See World Bank African Union European Union International Monetary Fund Red Cross SECURITY COUNCIL PERMANENT MEMBERS China Russian Federation United States of America France United Kingdom NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS (AS OF JULY 2015) Angola Lithuania Spain Chad Malaysia Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Chile Jordan New Zeland Nigeria 50

51 Advisor's Section DONOR NATIONS The following is the list of nations that have been approved to grant funding to a resolution, determined by each country s financial standing and real-life contributions to the United Nations. Ambassadors must make sure that members of their delegations are only offering donations for causes that their country would realistically support. Securitaries will also be keeping track of donations to ensure that delegations do not donate more than what their actual budgets would allow. Australia Iceland Norway Austria Ireland Qatar Bahrain Israel Singapore Belgium Italy Switzerland Canada Japan Republic of Korea China Kuwait Spain Denmark Liechtenstein Sweden Finland Luxembourg United Arab Emirates France Mexico United Kingdom Germany Netherlands United States of America 51

52 Advisor's Section International Court of Justice Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, used to settle international disputes between member nations as well as to issue advisory opinions to the various agencies of the UN. In our MUN programme, delegates involved in an ICJ case will participate in an adversarial trial presided over by a panel of five judges. The judging panel will then issue a binding ruling to settle the contentious issue. The ICJ will run on the first two days of conference: The ambassadors of the parties involved must be present. One additional delegate from each of the parties may participate. Cases will be selected by the Executive Committee before conference. Countries involved must prepare a position statement (available online) and present it to the Senior Chair of the ICJ before the day of trial. An in-depth overview of procedure can be found in the position statement document. Keep up with our Facebook page for ICJ cases as they are posted. 52

53 Advisor's Section Special Summit The Special Summit is a unique committee of the EAMUN that features a series of debates on questions of political and ethical interest. For each debate, delegates will be assigned a stance in a two-sided crossfire with no regard to their delegations actual policies on the issue being discussed. A comprehensive explanation of procedure can be found online in the EAMUN Delegate Package. DELEGATES TO THE SUMMIT Any school bringing a full delegation can send a maximum of two delegates to the Summit. These delegates will be registered as representing the policies and viewpoints of two of the countries that have been assigned to their school, and must have at least one year of MUN experience. Special Summit delegates will not represent their countries in any of the committees or the General Assembly. They will only debate in the Summit, but may assist fellow delegates during the lobbying sessions. Special Summit delegates may not switch roles with other delegation members. By registering for the Summit, they permanently assign themselves to take part in the Summit for the full duration of conference. In addition, being so far removed from their fellow delegation members, Special Summit delegates may not serve in the capacity of ambassadors. SPECIAL SUMMIT TOPICS Special Summit topics will be released prior to the conferences. Global Health Council From the 2016/17 EAMUN conference and onwards, delegates have the option to participate in the Global Health Council (GHC). The GHC was founded due to the increasing number of health issues that surround our planet today and a lack of tangible solutions. This council will be dedicated to finding creative ways to tackle the many health hazards that endanger society. In the GHC, delegates will have the opportunity to innovate, collaborate, and initiate on topics that will be new to the EAMUN conference. Procedure on GHC can be found in the EAMUN Delegates Package. GHC TOPIC For the conference, there will be four GHC topics to be debated during half of the week at the EAMUN conference. The topics will be announced either at conference itself, or on the EAMUN Facebook page. The Executive Committee looks forward to seeing the new solutions created to tackle the epidemic health issues that face our evolving world. 53

54 Advisor's Section Mendonsa Charity Council The Mendonsa Charity Council (MCC) is a new specialized committee being introduced into EAMUN 2018, the purpose it to implement a practical, helpful charity project in Nairobi, Kenya. The delegates in this committee will be chosen prior to conference and the sessions will run half of the week. GOAL Participants will be given a sum of money -- raised by EAMUN during conference or donated by the Executive Committee -- with which they will write and implement a resolution that donates the money. The aim of this committee is to allow delegates to use the skills they've developed in previous conferences to positively impact the city that the conference occurs in. The resolution that is written with actual facts and monetary values will be debated in the committee that it pertains to.i.e if the resolution aims to combat poaching of lions in Nairobi, then it will be debated in the Ecology committee. STRUCTURE The committee will start with several lobbying sessions, in which delegates will be free to have an open discussion about their ideas for the project. After that, the delegates will come together and write a single resolution implementing the solution. The entire EAMUN Secretariat and the coordinators will oversee the writing on the resolution and ensure it is practical and applicable. PLANNING Those wishing to participate in MCC will need to submit applications beforehand. The Executive Committee will release more information concerning the committee either during the conference or on the EAMUN Facebook page. Only a select group of individuals will be allowed to be in the MCC. 54

55 EAST AFRICAN MODEL UNITED NATIONS DELEGATE'S BOOKLET

56 Delegate's Section Table of Contents Table of Contents Please note: Welcome! The Management Committee The Executive Committee Dress Code Disciplinary Policy How to Write a Resolution Formatting a Resolution Initiating Phrases Guidelines for General Debate Chairperson s Phrases Motions Table of Parliamentary Procedure Junior Chairperson Notes Additional Information on Conference Proceedings Special Rules of Parliamentary Procedure Securitary Special Rules International Court of Justice Special Summit Global Health Council Mendonsa Charity Council Please note: For updates prior to the conferences concerning Special Summit, ICJ, and GHC topics, MCC applications, or updates to Junior Chair and Securtitary notes please see the EAMUN Facebook page ( 56

57 Delegate's Section Welcome! Dear Delegates, On behalf of the Executive Committee and the entire administration, welcome! We cannot be more excited for this year's annual EAMUN conference. We know that when the delegates, ambassadors, and all other participants walk through the flags an the UNON they will come to gather to accomplish something incredible. Your eager smiles and strong ideas will transcend all your differences; your backgrounds and economic statuses will fade away in light of all you will accomplish together. We are early anticipating seeing returning participants and new ones work together to bring forth innovative ideas and present inspiring speeches. This Delegate's Section of this packet is the complete guide for anything you need to know or prepare for the conference. Please read through it diligently and carefully, taking notes on parliamentary procedure and the content cornering resolutions. The better prepared you are before conference will translate into how debate will go at conference, so it is imperative that you understand EAMUN's proceedings fully. Without you we would have no conference and no EAMUN, so thank you for taking time to read and understand this packet. With you we hope to make the 36th Annual EAMUN conference incredibly impactful and inspiring for all it's participants. We hope that you will prepare yourself for the week of debate and discussion and we know that once the conference is ended you will leave a changed person. You will know that you can shape the future and you can empower progress. All the best, Makenzie Hanson Secretary-General 36th East African Model United Nations 57

58 Delegate's Section The Management Committee ERICK HUMA EAMUN/MSMUN COORDINATOR Hillcrest School WINNIE FRANCISCO EAMUN ASSISTANT COORDINATOR Hillcrest School FABIENNE EYRAUD MSMUN ASSISTANT COORDINATOR Lycée Denis Diderot 58

59 Delegate's Section East African & Middle School Model United Nations The Executive Committee MAKENZIE HANSON SECRETARY-GENERAL Rosslyn Academy mobile: (+254) KHILEN PATEL DEPUTY SECRETARY-GENERAL Premier Academy mobile: (+254) AKHIL NADIGATLA CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 1ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY Premier Academy mobile: (+254) ASIYAH SHAFI CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 1ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY Peponi House Preparatory School mobile: (+254) ELISABETH KUGURU CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 2ND GENERAL ASSEMBLY Rift Valley Academy mobile: (+254) ANKIT MEHTA CO-CHAIRPERSON OF THE 2ND GENERAL ASSEMBLY Oshwal Academy Senior High mobile: (+254)

60 Delegate's Section Dress Code As the EAMUN is a simulation of the world of diplomacy, all student participants are expected to dress in formal business attire at all official functions, including mock debates, workshops, and all the days of the conference. Formal business attire is not required at any of the training sessions or the closing dance. MEN S DRESS CODE Men s attire must include: Dress shirt Long-sleeved and sleeves unrolled All buttons fastened Tucked in Dress shoes Belt Tie Suit jacket (optional) Dress pants The following will not be allowed: T-shirts, unless worn under a dress shirt Headgear, unless for religious purposes or as part of the delegation s national dress Jeans, cargo pants, or corduroy/denim trousers Sagging Sneakers Shorts of any type WOMEN S DRESS CODE Women s attire may include: Women s business suits Professional dresses Blouses Sleeveless tops* Skirts* Slacks Dress shoes Sandals High heels Scarves as part of a professional ensemble or headdress Head coverings if for religious purposes or as part of national costume The following will not be allowed: Hats, berets, bandanas Corduroy/denim trousers, skirts, and jackets Jeans Tight, form-fitting trousers Miniskirts Low-cut blouses and tops Blouses that are tight or form-fitting Shorts of any sort Trousers with studs, embroidery, or other applied designs Tops that reveal a bare midriff T-shirts of any type Leggings Sneakers *Sleeveless tops must have straps at least four fingers wide (index to little finger); skirts must end at a maximum width of four fingers from the knee. Individuals suspected of violating the dress code will be asked to make the necessary measurements themselves (i.e., check the four-finger width requirement). 60

61 Delegate's Section Disciplinary Policy We consider that taking part in the MUN programme is a privilege granted to students who are attending the schools that have official registered and paid the necessary fees. As such, we have a stringent disciplinary policy in place to make sure that the experience is a good one for everyone. BADGE CLIPPINGS A badge clipping" refers to the physical cutting of a corner of the official MUN name badge that is issued to all participating students. It is the most common response to minor infractions of the rules and it serves as a permanent indicator that the student has already once failed to comply with regulations. Badge clippings are not reported to a school s advisor, but they should be visible to anyone upon inspection of a clipped delegate s badge. Badges may only be clipped by Executive Committee members, Senior Chairpersons, Head Securitaries, and the Executive Assistant. Junior Chairpersons, Securitaries, and Advisors do not have the authority to clip badges. Rather, they may bring students to the attention of those who are authorised to clip badges. Official UN security personnel will bring students to an Executive Committee member or Coordinator to report an infraction and will leave the penalty up to them. Any student who has the official MUN name badge clipped a second time for any reason will be expelled from the program. SUSPENSIONS A suspension involves the removal of a delegate from the MUN programme for a specific period of time before he or she is allowed to return. A suspension may result for any student involved in any activity that is considered less sever than those mentioned below, which would warrant a suspension. The circumstances will be discussed by the Executive Committee and a final decision will be made and reported to the student and the student's advisor. A suspension may begin immediately or may begin the following day depending on the infraction and the final decision of the Committee members. EXPULSIONS Any student found to have committed a serious infraction of the behaviour expected by participants may be expelled from the program at the discretion of the Executive Committee. Expulsion involves the complete removal of the student involved for the duration of the MUN programme. The student will not be allowed to remain on the UN compound as a participant or as a spectator. The student will not be allowed to maintain possession of his or her MUN name badge. The expulsion of any student will most often involve a discussion of the circumstances by the Executive Committee members. The student involved and the student's advisor will be informed of the basic facts related to the circumstances and a further inquiry will be conducted if necessary. After investigating the situation, the Committee will make a decision regarding the expulsion and will report it to the student in the presence of the school s advisor. The Committee s decision is final. The Executive Committee shall be required and trusted to make all decisions free of bias even if an Executive Committee member is involved in any way with the matter at hand. In the event that the Executive Committee cannot arrive at a conclusion, the MUN Coordinators shall be consulted. 61

62 Delegate's Section The Secretary-General (or acting leader in case of an absence) will report the outcome of the Committee's decision to the student and the student's advisor with support from the MUN Coordinator and other Committee members if needed. Students will be expelled from the programme for the remainder of the conference for the following reasons: Smoking/drinking/drug use at any MUN-related event - If a student is caught smoking, drinking, or abusing substances at any MUN-related event there will be no discussion. - The expulsion will be put into immediate effect and the student s advisor will be informed. Plagiarism - If evidence arises that all or part of a student s resolution consists of another individual s work without proper citation, he or she will be considered for expulsion. - Expulsion may include all members of the delegation or only those directly involved. Serious cases of misbehaviour - This includes an insulting or disrespectful attitude towards any Executive Committee member, Senior Chairperson, Head Securitary, Advisor, or a member of the UN. Vandalism of MUN property or that of hosting venues directly associated with MUN events Bribing, coercing, or threatening anyone involved in the programme for votes, yielding, or unscreened note passing Trading, falsifying, or altering official name badges in any way - This would include attempting to purchase a replacement badge for one that has been clipped unless the student notifies the MUN administration so that the replacement badge can be clipped before being issued. Theft of any MUN materials, the personal belongings of participants, or the property of the host venue Serious disruption of proceedings without justifiable cause Two badge clippings for any individual will result in expulsion for the remainder of the conference (reference the section on badge clippings for more details) Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and that the Executive Committee reserves the right to decide that an issue not explicitly mentioned here warrants an expulsion. 62

63 Delegate's Section How to Write a Resolution RESEARCH Prior to writing your resolution, it is advisable to carry out some preliminary research on your delegation, focusing in particular on: basic background information (population, type of government, state of infrastructure) geography (location, neighbouring nations, land area, geographical features) economy (overall status, GNP, GDP, per capita income, major trading partners, natural resources) allies (formal alliances/associations, standing in major spheres of influence) policies on major issues (freedom of speech, nuclear weapons, environmental protection, minority rights) Keep in mind that your resolution does not necessarily have to focus on your country or region basic research will still go a long way, however, in allowing you to accurately represent your delegation throughout conference week. FOCUSING ON AN ISSUE As an intergovernmental organisation, the United Nations is primarily concerned with problems that are international in scope it is not a sort of massive charity that will donate funds to resolve the difficulties in any one country, especially if that country has the means of dealing with the issue on its own. Therefore, delegates are encouraged to write resolutions that address problems affecting multiple nations and not just their own. It is important, however, to not tackle issues that are too broad, such as world poverty remember, a resolution cannot exceed two pages! PREAMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE CLAUSES Each resolution is composed of two types of clauses: preambulatory and operative. The preambulatory clauses open every resolution and their primary purpose is to provide contextual details on the issue at hand. Preambulatory clauses may give information about: what caused the problem what, if anything, has been done in the past to resolve it (and why these efforts have been unsuccessful) who is affected by the problem why the problem is a matter worthy of the United Nations consideration what could potentially happen if the problem goes unaddressed Operative clauses form the second part of every resolution and outline the actual solution that will be implemented by the resolution. Generally, they cover: what will be done to solve the problem who will be involved in the process of solving the problem (the domestic government, NGOs) how much money is needed, where it will come from, and how it will be used 63

64 Delegate's Section HELPFUL HINTS If the issue your resolution addresses is a large one that is prevalent in many countries, a pilot programme is a great idea to make your solution more plausible, both financially and politically. Essentially, a pilot programme is a trial run of your proposed solution on a small scale (often just in one country or area) to evaluate its efficacy in solving the problem prior to implementing it elsewhere. Every pilot programme should have both a timeframe for implementation and evaluation, as well as an outside expert or organisation that will assess the success of the programme. Any time you request funds from non-governmental organisations or donor nations, make sure you provide a breakdown of how it will be spent (double-check that it adds up!) as well as an outside watchdog agency that will ensure that the money is spent as it was meant to be. One of the characteristics of a good resolution is that it provides a solution that can be sustained by the domestic government not one that requires a constant flow of money from the United Nations. Try to incorporate the participation of the domestic government into your resolution so as to reduce or eliminate future dependance on the United Nations. Finally, in writing your resolution and in debate, remember that EAMUN is a simulation of a diplomatic forum and that you are here to represent your country s views and not your own thus, it is absolutely inappropriate to make insulting comments about your delegation or anyone else s. Formatting a Resolution A resolution should have 1-inch margins on all sides and be single spaced throughout. All text should be size 11 Times New Roman. HEADING In the top right corner: The advisor s name should be displayed first The ambassador s name should follow underneath The page number should be last In the top left corner: The name of the committee should be displayed first The number of the session should follow underneath The name of the sponsor should be last - Co-sponsors (that is, delegations who participated in writing the resolution) should also be listed in this area TITLE AND ADDRESS From the conference and onwards, resolutions will no longer begin with THE QUESTION OF" 64

65 Delegate's Section Instead, resolutions will be identified by topic, a brief, two-line description of what the resolution seeks to accomplish, and to what end Unless a resolution of the Security Council, the resolution should be addressed to the General Assembly - The address should be italicised and followed by a comma - The address should not be indented - If the resolution is to debated in the Security Council, it should be addressed to the Security Council, following the same formatting guidelines as any other resolution PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES Preambulatory clauses should begin with appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be italicised Preambulatory clauses should not be numbered Preambulatory clauses cannot have sub-clauses A single-line space should separate each perambulatory clause. Each clause should be followed by a comma OPERATIVE CLAUSES Operative clauses should begin with the appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be underlined Operative clauses should be numbered - Sub-clauses should be labelled as shown in the sample resolution on the following page - Only two sub-levels will be accepted for any operative clause (that is, to sub-level i.) Each clause should be followed by a semi-colon - If an operative clause has sub-clauses, it should be followed by a colon instead A single-line space should separate each operative clause, as well as sub-clauses The last operative clause should end with a period - It is not necessary that the last operative clause be an invitation for further suggestions or additions to the resolution 65

66 Delegate's Section Initiating Phrases Preambulatory Clauses Affirming Determined Having reviewed Alarmed Emphasizing Having studied Anxious Encouraged Keeping in mind Appreciating Endorsing Mindful Aware Expressing deep concern Noting further Bearing in mind Expressing its appreciation Noting with approval Believing Expressing its satisfaction Noting with grave concern Cognizant Fulfilling Noting with regret Concerned Fully alarmed Noting with satisfaction Confident Fully believing Observing Conscious Further depicting Reaffirming Considering Further recalling Realizing Contemplating Grieved Recognizing Convinced Guided by Referring Declaring Having adapted Reiterating Deeply concerned Having considered Seeking Deeply conscious Having decided Stressing Deeply convinced Having devoted attention Taking into account Deeply disturbed Having examined Taking into consideration Deeply regretting Having heard Viewing with appreciation Deploring Having received Welcoming Desiring Having regarded Wishing 66

67 Delegate's Section Operative Clauses Accepts Draws attention Notes with regret Acknowledges Emphasizes Proclaims Adopts Endorses Reaffirms Affirms Expresses its appreciation Recognizes Appeals Expresses its conviction Recommends Applauds Expresses the hope Regrets Appreciates Expresses its regret Reminds Approves Expresses its sympathy Renews its appeal Authorizes Expresses its thanks Repeals Calls Further invites Requests Commends Further proclaims` Solemnly affirms Concurs Further recommends Stresses Condemns Further reminds Strongly condemns Confirms Further requests Suggests Congratulates Further resolves Supports Considers Has/Have resolved Takes note of Decides Instructs Transmits Declares Invites Trusts Demands Notes Urges Deplores Notes with approval Welcomes Designates Directs Notes with interest Notes with satisfaction A sample resolution can be found on the following two pages. 67

68 Delegate's Section 68

69 Delegate's Section 69

70 Delegate's Section DONOR NATIONS The following is the list of nations that have been approved to grant funding to a resolution, determined by each country s financial standing and real-life contributions to the United Nations. Ambassadors must make sure that members of their delegations are only offering donations for causes that their country would realistically support. Securitaries will also be keeping track of donations to ensure that delegations do not donate more than what their actual budgets would allow. Australia Iceland Norway Austria Ireland Qatar Bahrain Israel Singapore Belgium Italy Switzerland Canada Japan Republic of Korea China Kuwait Spain Denmark Liechtenstein Sweden Finland Luxembourg United Arab Emirates France Mexico United Kingdom Germany Netherlands United States of America 70

71 Delegate's Section Guidelines for General Debate YIELDING Once a delegate has finished his or her address to the assembly, he or she may do one of three things: 1. Yield to the Chair, saying, I now yield the floor to the Chair. The speaker will return to his or her seat, and the Chairperson will direct the debate from there. Yield to another delegation, saying, I now yield the floor to delegation. 2. The speaker will return to his or her seat, and the delegate that has been yielded to will come up and take the floor to speak. The delegate to which the floor was yielded must support the same side of the issue that the original speaker did. The floor may be yielded to another delegation only once consecutively (i.e., a second yielding to another delegation would be out of order). 3. Yield to Points of Information, saying, I know yield to Points of Information or I am now open to Points of Information. The speaker will remain at the podium and take questions concerning his or her speech from the assembly. Delegates wanting to pose a Point of Information will raise their placards and the Chair will call on them. A speaker may only be open to three Points of Information. Speakers in time against a Main Motion or an Amendment must be open to at least one Point of Information. Speakers may choose to decline to answer Points of Information (unless they have spoken against a Main Motion or Amendment). Ultimately, all yieldings must go through the Chair, who will either approve or disapprove of them as per the regulations set forth in parliamentary procedure. VOTING PROCEDURES When open debate (that is, both debate time for and debate time against) has closed for a motion, the assembly will move into voting procedures for that motion. The Chair will first call for the positive votes (i.e., those voting for the passage of the motion) then the negative votes (i.e., those voting against the passage of the motion), and finally for any abstentions (only if the motion requires a majority vote to pass). Delegates will cast their votes by raising their placards at the appropriate times, as requested by the Chair. While voting, delegates should keep in mind that: Only one vote is allowed for each delegation. When voting on a resolution, a vote for its passage means that the voting delegate approves of the resolution in its current form and supports its implementation. 71

72 Delegate's Section A vote against a resolution means that the voting delegate disapproves of the resolution in its current form (either believing that it needs revision or should be abandoned entirely) and does not support its implementation. No motion may interrupt voting procedures except for a Point of Privilege due to audibility or a Point of Order concerning the voting procedure itself. Finally, while abstentions are in order for any motion requiring a majority vote to pass, they should be seldom used, especially when voting on a Main Motion. It is important that delegates understand in what situations an abstention is warranted: When a delegation does not have enough information on its stance on the issue or the issue itself to make an informed decision. When there is strong evidence to suggest that, given its political ties, it would be unwise for a delegation to strongly commit on the issue being discussed (perhaps for fear of offending allies on opposing sides of the issue). RIGHT TO EXPLAIN VOTE After voting has been completed and the Chair has announced whether the motion has passed or failed, the assembly may move into Right to Explain Vote, as dependent on the discretion of the Chairperson. In Right to Explain Vote, member nations of the assembly will be randomly selected and asked to state which way they voted and why they did so. The Chairperson will, to the best of his or her ability, attempt to garner responses from countries that voted on all sides of the issue: those that voted for, those that voted against, and those that abstained. PRIVILEGE POINTS Privilege Points are special motions accorded to delegates to ensure that their rights, comforts, and dignity are protected by parliamentary procedure, in turn enforced by the Chair. For a more in-depth description of the Privilege Points and how they are used, please see Motions. 72

73 Delegate's Section Chairperson s Phrases The following section is an introduction into the language that a Chairperson will use during debate, so as to provide advisors with an accurate picture of how conference proceedings will be held. To allow for uninterrupted reading, the sample resolution on page 14 will be referenced in the phrases below. INTRODUCTION OF DEBATE ON A NEW RESOLUTION The Chair will say: The next resolution on the agenda is Establishing Wastewater Treatment Facilities to Reduce Pollution in Turkey s Territorial Waters. The sponsor, Turkey, has the floor. The sponsor the resolution will then approach the podium and read out his or her resolution to the assembly. If time is in short supply, the Chair may request that the sponsor only read the operative clauses. Once the resolution has been read, the Chair will say: The resolution has been read. Is there a second? OPENING DEBATE ON A RESOLUTION If the resolution was seconded, the Chair will open debate on the resolution, saying, We will now move into eight minutes debate time for this resolution. The sponsor has the floor. The sponsor is the first speaker in time for the resolution. He or she may first speak for the resolution or immediately yield the floor to another delegate. Once the Chair is once again in possession of the floor, he or she will say: The Chair has the floor. Are there any requests for the floor? Delegates wishing to speak will at this point raise their placards. To recognise a delegate, the Chair will say: Russia, you have the floor. Once debate time for the resolution has expired, the Chair will move into debate time against the resolution, saying, Debate time for this resolution has just expired. We will now move into eight minutes debate time against the resolution. Are there any requests for the floor? CLOSURE OF DEBATE ON A RESOLUTION When the time for open debate comes to an end, the Chair will say: Debate time against this resolution has just expired. The sponsor will now have one minute to strictly rebut or respond to any points brought against his resolution. VOTING PROCEDURES After the sponsor closing statement, the Chair will move into voting procedures, calling first for the positive votes: Time for sponsor closing statements has expired. We will now move into voting procedures. All those voting for this resolution, please raise your placards. Then the negative votes: All those voting against this resolution, please raise your placards. 73

74 Delegate's Section Finally, the Chair will call for abstentions: All those abstaining, please raise your placards. Countries abstaining are reminded to fill out abstentions forms. The Chair will then announce the result of the vote: This resolution passes. RIGHT TO EXPLAIN VOTE If time allows, the Chair may move into Right to Explain Vote: We will now move into Right to Explain Vote. Azerbaijan, please state which way you voted and why. TO CONTROL PROCEEDINGS DURING DEBATE If the speaker seems unsure of how to proceed at the podium, the Chair may ask one of the following: Does the speaker wish to yield the floor? Does the speaker wish to yield the floor to the Chair? Does the speaker wish to yield the floor to Points of Information? If the speaker yields the floor to another delegate, the Chair will say: This yielding is in order. Australia, you have the floor. If the speaker yields the floor the Chair, the Chair will say: The Chair has the floor. Are there any requests for the floor? If the speaker yields to Points of Information, the Chair will say: The speaker is open to Points of Information. Are there any Points of Information? Delegates wishing to ask a Point of Information will raise their placards, and the Chair will select one, saying, Cameroon, state your point. 74

75 Delegate's Section Motions The following section is a brief overview of the fifteen motions that are utilised by the EAMUN. Familiarity with the each motion s proper procedure will aid you greatly in directing the flow of debate. A comprehensive explanation of each motion s usage and procedure is available in the Junior Chairperson notes POINT OF PRIVILEGE Refers to delegates rights and comforts and is used mostly for audibility, but can also be used when delegates feel insulted or neglected. It can be called out at any time, except during voting. If used by a delegate while a speech is being delivered, it must pertain to audibility or insult. ORDERS OF THE DAY Used by delegates when they feel the issue being debated on the floor has gone significantly off track and does not pertain to the agenda, e.g. the solution being posed is about refugees in Somalia and the speaker starts talking about the Flintstones. The use of an example, however, should not be valid ground to call this motion. POINT OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Should be used when delegate wishes to get information about a point in parliamentary procedure that they do not understand, e.g. "Could the Chair please tell me how many votes the Main Motion requires to pass?". Its usage is encouraged in order to ensure that all delegates understand the proceedings in the assembly. POINT OF INFORMATION Can be directed to either the speaker or the Chair. When directed towards the speaker, this point is a way by which one can ask the speaker questions regarding their argument, limited to a short statement followed by a short question. A Point of Information to the Chair is used by the delegate to get information that does not pertain to parliamentary procedure, but to general EAMUN proceedings (e.g., "When do we break for lunch? ). When the speaker has answered a Point of Information, the mover of the Point of Information can request to follow-up on his or her question. This motion should be used when the mover of a Point of Information would like to get more information or clarify something mentioned in the speaker s answer to his or her first question. Only one Request to Follow-up may be entertained per Point of Information and two-way conversation will continue to be out of order. POINT OF ORDER This is used by a delegate if the Chair has made a wrong decision concerning parliamentary procedure, e.g. if the Chair calls for a vote on Extend Debate, for which no vote is required, the delegate can call out a Point of Order and tell the Chair that there is no vote for Extend Debate. APPEAL Used by a delegate when trying to overturn an arbitrary decision the Chair has made i.e. one that does not pertain to parliamentary procedure. If an appeal fails, the mover will be suspended from the assembly. WITHDRAW A MOTION 75

76 Delegate's Section When the sponsor of a resolution or an amendment or a mover feels that their motion is too weak or is wasting the assembly s time, the sponsor/mover can withdraw the motion before final action is taken on it (that is, a second or a vote, depending on the motion). LAY ON TABLE This motion is only used during debate time against a resolution. If the delegate who is against the resolution feels that there is no point in debating the resolution further, they may call to table, or put aside, the resolution. If the motion passes, the resolution will be tabled and the assembly will move on to the next resolution. TAKE FROM TABLE If for some reason a delegate feels that a resolution which has been tabled should be debated, the delegate will call for a Take from the Table. It is important to note, however, that if the vote for taking a resolution from the table passes, the resolution will be moved to the end of the agenda and may not be debated, depending on time constraints. PREVIOUS QUESTION This is a motion used to move the assembly into the next stage of debate before time has expired. For example, in debate time against, if no delegate wishes to speak against the resolution, the Chair or the delegates may call for Previous Question. If the motion is entertained in this scenario, the assembly will immediately move into sponsor closing statements. EXTEND DEBATE This motion is used by delegates who feel more time should be given to the resolution at hand. It may be called at the end of debate time for or against, but is only entertained at the end of time against. If time allows and the Chair feels the extension is valid, additional debate time for and against will be added on at the end of normal debate. AMENDMENT This motion is used when the delegate wants to revise the resolution by adding, deleting, or changing the operative clauses. Only less than half of the operative clauses may be amended. One cannot amend an amendment. The delegate fills in two amendment forms, detailing the changes they wish to make and sends one copy to the Chair. If the Chair feels the amendment is valid, the delegate will be called upon in debate time and the assembly will debate the amendment. POSTPONE INDEFINITELY This is a motion to discontinue debate on a motion and discard it, as the delegate feels that it does not deserve more of the assembly s time. If the motion passes, the resolution is discarded from the agenda and may not be brought up again at any time. On the other hand, if the motion is fails, debate will continue on the Main Motion and the Chair asks the speaker if they would like to speak in time against. RECONSIDER If a resolution has passed or failed, reconsidering it can reverse its verdict. A Reconsider can only be proposed by a member on the winning side of the vote, and if successfully reconsidered, the resolution is debated at the end of the agenda. MAIN MOTION Main Motion refers to the resolution being debated. All motions apply to Main Motion. 76

77 Delegate's Section Table of Parliamentary Procedure The table of parliamentary procedure is an arrangement of the motions by level of precedence in case multiple motions are called, the motion with the lower number (and thus higher precedence) will be entertained first. The table also provides some basic information about each motion such as whether or not it requires a second and the vote required for it to pass. Junior Chairperson Training TABLE OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE Motion Precedence Recognition Second Debatable Vote Timing* Point of Privilege 1 No No No None None Orders of the Day 2 No No No Maj. if obj. None Point of Parliamentary Inquiry 3 No No No None None Point of Information 4 No No No None None Point of Order 5 No No No None None Appeal 6 No Yes No ⅔+1 None Withdraw a Motion 7 Yes No No Maj. if obj. None Lay on Table 8 Yes Yes No Maj. None Take from Table 9 Yes Yes No ⅔+1 None Previous Question 10 No No No None None Extend Debate 11 No No No None 3 min. F & A Amendment 12 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 3 min. F & A Postpone Indefinitely 13 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 3 min. F & A Reconsider 14 Yes Yes No ⅔+1 30 sec. Main Motion 15 Yes Yes Yes Maj. 8 min. F & A *All timings are to the discretion of the Chairperson 77

78 Delegate's Section Junior Chairperson Notes Introduction to Parliamentary Procedure Parliamentary procedure refers to the rules used to regulate order in a meeting and provide structure to a debate or discussion. Various forms of procedure are used in legislative assemblies from local to international levels. Generally, parliamentary procedure is enforced by a body of individuals referred to collectively as the Chair. In EAMUN, the Chair is headed by a Senior Chairperson but its primary spokesperson in debate is a Junior Chairperson. AIMS OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE 1. To ensure that only person speaks at a time: The Chair recognises speakers and gives them the floor; The Chair sets the order of speakers and limits the number of speakers. 2. To ensure that as many different people as possible have an opportunity to speak: The Chair must be alert to individuals raising a placard and must have a system of keeping track of speakers and those wishing to speak. The Chair uses a speaker checklist, a list of all the countries participating in MUN, to ensure that the floor is offered equally to delegations. 3. To allow for the expression of the will of majority without trampling on the rights of the minority: A democratic system that allows voting on procedural decisions as well as substantial matters ensures that the will of the majority is expressed; Free discussion is encouraged from both sides of the question; Parliamentary procedure ensures that the Chair makes no arbitrary or unjust decisions. 4. To ensure that the intended business is accomplished: Parliamentary procedure allows for an agenda to be carried out and discussed with minimal time wasted; The Chair must make sure that debate is relevant to the issue under discussion and that interruptions are kept to a minimum; Dilatory comments are always out of order. 5. To provide guidance and direction to the debate by having all debate and motions go through the Chair: Two-way conversation amongst members of the assembly is out of order; Recognition may only be given by the Chair. The Chair shall serve as the conductor, facilitator, and enforcer of parliamentary procedure. PRECEDENCE 78

79 Delegate's Section Precedence refers to the order in which motions will be considered: When more than one motion is on the floor at the same time, precedence dictates which one should be called on first; When one motion is on the floor, a motion above it in precedence (i.e. with a lower number of precedence) can usually be brought up. A motion below it in precedence is usually out of order; It is essential for Chairpersons to memorise all motions since it is common for more than one motion to be called at the same time. WHEN A MOTION IS CALLED There are eight preliminary questions that should be considered when a motion is called: 1. Does this motion apply to other motions? Main Motion, with the lowest precedence, does not apply to any other motion. Conversely, Point of Privilege applies to all other motions as it has the highest precedence. 2. Can this motion interrupt the speaker? Extend Debate cannot interrupt the speaker. Point of Order can interrupt the speaker. 3. Does the motion need recognition from the Chair? Recognition is an act of the Chair by which a delegation is given the floor. Any delegate wishing to lay a resolution on the table must first be recognised. A delegate may call a Point of Order without being recognised. 4. Does this motion require a second? A second is a verbal expression of the assembly s interest in seeing the motion being discussed. Main Motion requires a second. Objection to Consideration does not require a second. 5. Is this motion debatable? In other words, may members of the assembly speak for and against the motion in debate? Main Motion is always debatable. An Appeal is not debatable. 6. What vote is required to pass this motion? Main Motion requires a majority vote to pass. Objection to Consideration requires a ⅔ + 1 vote in favour of it to pass. Extend Debate has no vote and is decided according to the discretion of the Chair. 79

80 Delegate's Section 7. Is this motion renewable? Main motion can be renewed with Take from Table or Reconsider. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry may be brought up multiple times during assembly proceedings. 8. What other motions apply to this motion? All other motions apply to Main Motion. All Privilege Points and Orders of the Day apply to an Appeal. PRIVILEGE POINTS A privilege is a special right, advantage, or immunity granted/available only to a particular person or group of people. Privileges may, however, be taken away by the Senior Chairperson if they are misused. Privilege points refer to the motions (Point of Privilege, Point of Parliamentary Inquiry, Point of Information, and Point of Order) that are granted to delegates to ensure that the assembly remains a democratic forum for discussion. Orders of the Day is not considered a Privilege Point. Should never be more than one or two statements (in case of a Point of Information, a short statement followed by a short question). Apply to all other motions, meaning that they can be used at nearly any time yet no motions apply to them. Only Point of Privilege due to audibility or insult may interrupt the speaker; all other Point may only be grout up after the speaker has finished. Only Point of Privilege due to audibility can interrupt voting procedures. Irrelevant or dilatory points are always out of order. The first time a member misuses a point, the Chair will call them out of order, explain why they are out of order, and warn that the next time, privilege points will be taken away from them. On second misuse, the Chair will take away their privilege points for a specific length of time. This sets an example to other delegates and prevents unnecessary interruptions. If the delegate persists, the Chair will ask Securitaries to escort them out of the room and to call an Executive Committee member to deal with the issue. 80

81 Delegate's Section Parliamentary Procedure: Motions 1 POINT OF PRIVILEGE Point of Privilege refers to the rights, privileges, comfort, and dignity of delegates. It has the highest precedence. A Point of Privilege can pertain to: 1. Audibility (e.g., delegate feels that the speaker is speaking too loudly); 2. Comfort (e.g., delegate did not receive a copy of resolution); 3. Dignity (e.g., delegate feels insulted by the speaker). It is usually not voted on, however, in the case of a controversy, it is better to ask the members to vote with a simple majority resulting in a pass. (e.g., when there is a dispute over whether the room is too hot or too cold). In order to save time, the Chairperson should respond to Points of Privilege by asking if the Point is due to audibility, especially if it is called during a speech. It can be used any time, including during voting procedures, but only if it is due to audibility. When a delegate feels insulted the Chair will determine if the speaker made a direct insult and usually remind the speaker to use more diplomatic language and refrain from insulting other members. The Chairperson should also issue a warning to the speaker that continued insults will result in a loss of the floor. - The Chair should be paying attention in order to decide whether or not there has been an insult. In case of confusion, the Chairperson may ask the delegate to elaborate. - The decision of the Chair in such matters is final and may only be contested by an Appeal. If the speaker continues to insult his or her fellow delegates, the Chair should: 1. Take away the floor. Due to continued insults to member nations the speaker has lost the floor, please return to your seat. 2. Suspend the speaker's Privilege Points. In both the committees and the General Assembly, only Points of Privilege related to audibility and insult are allowed to interrupt a speaker. 2 ORDERS OF THE DAY Orders of the Day is a call to return to the topic at hand during debate. It is used to call a speaker back to the present subject if they have significantly drifted from it, that is, if debate has veered off-topic. Can interrupt and does not need recognition. It is not a privilege point. A member of the assembly or the Chair may make the motion. 81

82 Delegate's Section When the motion is called and the Chair feels that it is valid, he or she will say, There is a call for Orders of the Day on the floor. Would the speaker please return to the topic at hand? If there is an objection the Chair may take a vote, requiring a majority vote to pass. The decision of the Chair is final in controversial issues, the Chair may simply make a decision without a vote. There cannot be an objection to Orders of the Day when called by the Chair. It should only be used when there has been a major and persistent derailment from the subject at hand, not merely when the speaker has brought up an example. The Chairperson should use his or her judgment and call Orders of the Day motions out of order if they are dilatory. In controversial issues, the chair may decide by themselves or put it to vote. The Chair maintains the right to make an executive decision on the matter and that decision is final. 3 POINT OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY A Point of Parliamentary Inquiry is called when a delegate wishes to get information regarding parliamentary procedure (e.g., Could the Chair please tell me the vote required to pass a Main Motion? ) The Chair must answer the question. The Chair should encourage the use of Points of Parliamentary Inquiry so that the members of the assembly understand what is happening. It is important that the delegates know of and understand clearly every decision or action taken by the Chair. Its use is unlimited. However, if the Chair believes that the Point is being misused, it may be suspended. A Point of Parliamentary Inquiry may be used any time in between speakers except during voting procedures. It cannot interrupt the speaker, as it is not urgent. 4 POINT OF INFORMATION A Point of Information is always a short question but may be prefaced by a short statement. It may be addressed to the Chair or the speaker: - A Point of Information to the speaker must pertain to the points the speaker brought up during his or her speech. It is asked after the speaker has finished speaking and has opened up to Points of Information. - A Point of Information to the Chair must pertain to EAMUN conference proceedings (e.g., When do we break for lunch? ). It may not interrupt the Chair; it can only be called during transition times and never during voting procedures. 82

83 Delegate's Section The speaker may choose not to respond to a Point of Information if he or she so wishes. The Chair must respond to a Point of Information. After the speaker answers a Point of Information, the Chair should ask, Is the speaker open to any more Points of Information? The speaker has the right to limit the amount of questions he is open to and may decline to answer further Points. Each speaker can be open to a maximum of three Points of Information following his or her speech. A speaker against a Main Motion or an Amendment must be open to at least one Point of Information after their speech. A delegate may only ask one question in a Point of Information. No two-way conversation is allowed. If the delegate asks two questions, the Chair should call him or her out of order and ask the delegate to pick one. If a delegate asks a long or irrelevant Point of Information, the Chair should remind the delegate that, A Point of Information is a short statement followed by a short question, would you like to rephrase? A Point of Information may be used at any time except during voting procedures. It may not interrupt a speaker. Request to Follow-up - When the speaker has answered a Point of Information, the mover of the Point of Information can request to follow-up on his or her question. - This request will be addressed to the Chairperson who may refuse to entertain it. This decision is purely based on the Chairperson s discretion and depends on the quality of the response given by the speaker and whether adequate time is available. - This motion should be used when the mover of a Point of Information would like to get more information or clarify something mentioned in the speaker s answer to his or her first question. Only one Request to Follow-up will be entertained per Point of Information and two-way conversation will continue to be out of order. - As in a Point of Information, the speaker may decline to answer the Request to Follow-up. - The Request to Follow-up is made from the mover's seat and does not count as one of the three Points of Information that a speaker may be open to. 5 POINT OF ORDER A Point of Order is used to indicate that the Chair has made a mistake in parliamentary procedure. If the Chair has made a mistake and it is pointed out by a Point of Order, the Chairperson says, Point well taken and corrects his or her mistake. The Chairperson should never apologise to the committee. If the Point is late, it is considered dilatory and out of order. Hence, it must be called at the earliest possible opportunity for it to be in order. - Thus, it may interrupt the Chair, but not any speakers who are delegates. 83

84 Delegate's Section It is unlimited to all delegates. However, if misused, it may be suspended. It can be used any time in-between speakers, but if used during voting procedures it must pertain to an error made in voting procedures. 6 APPEAL An appeal is used when a delegate wants to overturn an arbitrary decision of the Chair. Arbitrary decisions are those that do not pertain to any official EAMUN rules and are based purely on the chair s discretion. It may not be used when the Chair is enforcing written rules. It does not need recognition and may not interrupt a speech. It may only be called immediately after the Chair has made an arbitrary decision. If the motion is late it becomes dilatory and, hence, out of order. Procedure: 1. Appeal is called. 2. The Chair asks what decision the delegate is referring to. 3. If the point is valid, the Chair explains why they made that decision. 4. The Chair calls for a second. 5. Once seconded, the Chair should warn the mover that an Appeal is grounds for a removal from the assembly. The Chair then asks whether the delegate would like to withdraw their motion. If so, the delegate should be given an official warning. 6. If the motion is not withdrawn, the Appeal is put to the vote. A. A 1/3 vote in favor upholds the decision of the Chair. Should this be the vote, Securitaries will escort the mover out of the assembly. B. A 2/3+1 vote against overturns the decision of the Chair. Should this be the vote, the Chair overturns the decision. The Chair never apologizes to the assembly. A delegate cannot appeal to the decision made by the Chair pertaining to an Appeal. A delegate cannot object to the withdrawal of an Appeal. 7 WITHDRAW A MOTION This is a motion by the sponsor to remove a motion from the floor before final action is taken on it (i.e. before a vote or second is taken). It can only be made by the original mover. It applies to all motions except Previous Question and Extend Debate. Procedure for the withdrawal of a Main Motion or an Amendment: 1. The original mover says, I move to withdraw my motion. 2. The Chair says, There is a motion to withdraw this motion. If there are no objections, the delegate will be permitted to withdraw his motion. 84

85 Delegate's Section 3. If there is an objection, the Chair says, There has been an objection to the withdrawal of this motion. Is the mover (of the objection) willing to sponsor this resolution/amendment? 4. If the objector is not willing to sponsor the motion, the motion is withdrawn. 5. If the objector wishes to sponsor the motion, the assembly moves into voting procedure. A majority vote is require to withdraw a motion. 6. If the motion is not withdraw (i.e. a majority vote is not made, and the resolution is to be debated), the mover of the objection is asked to sponsor the resolution/amendment. Procedure for the withdrawal of all other motions: 7. The delegate says, I move to withdraw my motion. 8. The Chair says, The mover wishes to withdraw his/her motion. The Chair will then move on with the pending question. You cannot object to the withdrawal of an Appeal, Vote of No Confidence, Postpone Indefinitely, and Reconsider. 8 LAY ON THE TABLE This motion aims to temporarily set aside a resolution with the intention of returning to it later. (e.g., delegates feel that other resolutions on the agenda are more urgent and should be debated sooner). It applies only to the Main Motion. It may only be brought up during debate time against the resolution, upon which debate time is frozen. The Chair says, There is a motion to table this resolution, is there a second? If seconded, the Chair asks for the vote, saying, All those in favour of tabling this resolution please raise your placards. A resolution that was tabled can be brought back to the agenda by a motion to Take from the Table. If an Objection to Consideration has been voted on and failed for a given resolution, then Lay on the Table is out of order for that resolution as the assembly has previously demonstrated its interest in debating the resolution. If the Lay on the Table fails, it may not be called again for the same resolution at the same stage of debate. 9 TAKE FROM THE TABLE This is a motion to bring back a previously tabled resolution. The procedure is similar to that for a motion to Lay on the Table, however, a ⅔ + 1 vote is required. May be called in time for or against any other resolution. The mover must have the floor, and when this motion is brought up debate time is frozen. The sponsor of the tabled resolution, as well as any other delegate, may propose this motion. 85

86 Delegate's Section A resolution that was laid on the table in committee stages cannot be brought back in the General Assembly. This motion has unlimited use (i.e., a delegate may attempt to bring back a tabled resolution multiple times). If a motion is successfully taken from the table it will be debated at the end of the agenda, but only if time permits. Otherwise, the Chair will announce, The Chair regrets that there will not be enough time to debate this resolution. 10 PREVIOUS QUESTION Previous Question is a request to close debate before time has expired, often a result of stagnant or one-sided debate. Previous Question requires no recognition and is often simply called out by a member of the assembly. In both the committees and the General Assembly, Previous Question is only in order at the end of active debate (i.e., when there are no more requests for the floor). When calling Previous Question the Chair must ask the assembly three times, Are there any requests for the floor? before moving into the next stage of debate or voting procedures. If there are no requests for the floor all three times, the Chair will say, The Chair calls Previous Question. The assembly will now move into Previous Question cannot be withdrawn. If a delegate raises his or her placard before the Chair calls Previous Question, he or she is entitled to the floor. 11 EXTEND DEBATE This is a request for additional debate time on a Main Motion or an Amendment. Debate time in the General Assembly and in committees is limited to specific times for and against. However, one extension of the debate time per resolution is possible in the General Assembly, and in the committee stages it is up to the discretion of the Senior Chairperson. It applies only to a Main Motion or an Amendment. In both committees and in the General Assembly, extensions of debate can be offered at the discretion of the Chair, depending on the time available, the length of the agenda, and the quality of debate. If debate time is extended the assembly will proceed into an additional session of open debate after debate time against has expired. This motion can be called after time for or against, but will only be entertained after debate time against has expired. The Chair can call for an extension of debate, and this motion should be encouraged if the quality of debate has been good. This motion cannot be withdrawn. 86

87 Delegate's Section 12 AMENDMENT An Amendment is an addition, deletion, or substitution to a resolution. It aims to strengthen resolutions. It only applies to the Main Motion. A delegate may only amend the operative clauses, and only less than half of them. Two copies of an Amendment form must be filled. The Chair should have one copy of the Amendment before the mover receives the floor (this copy must be sent to the Chair prior to the reading of the Amendment for it to be in order). The Amendment form must contain the following: 1. Title of resolution to be amended 2. Sponsor of the resolution 3. Sponsor of the Amendment 4. Text of the Amendment 5. Exact location of the Amendment in the resolution An Amendment may be brought up any time provided that the mover has the floor and has submitted a copy of his or her Amendment to the Chair prior. A formal Amendment (i.e., one that changes the substance of the resolution) cannot be moved by the sponsor of the resolution. When an Amendment is proposed, debate time for the resolution is suspended. Procedure for a formal Amendment: 1. The mover reads out the Amendment and the Chair asks delegates to take note of it (if need be it can be repeated). 2. Once read, the Chair asks for a second. 3. If seconded, the assembly moves into debate for and against the Amendment; speakers in time against must be open to at least one Point of Information. 4. A vote is taken a majority vote is required to pass it. 5. If it passes, the assembly carries on in the debate time left for the Main Motion, now debating the amended resolution. 6. If it fails, the assembly carries on in the debate time left for the Main Motion, debating the original, unamended resolution. If the Amendment is weak, the Chair may refuse to entertain it however, if it is strong the Chair should give the mover the floor as soon as possible. Only one Amendment is allowed per resolution, per stage of debate (i.e., one in committee and one in the General Assembly, maximum). 87

88 Delegate's Section Friendly Amendment - A friendly Amendment may only be moved by the sponsor of the resolution. - It is made before the resolution is seconded, usually even before it is read out. - It cannot change the substance of the resolution, and usually corrects only minor spelling and grammatical errors. - It can only be proposed in the committee and not in the General Assembly or GAC. - It has no second, debate, or vote. The sponsor may propose the friendly Amendment, and if the Chair feels it is in order, he or she will ask the assembly to note it down, then carry on with the reading of the resolution (or ask for a second, depending on when it is called). 13 POSTPONE INDEFINITELY This is a motion to discontinue debate on a motion and discard it, as the delegate feels that it does not deserve more of the assembly s time. It applies only to the Main Motion. It requires recognition and a second. It interrupts the debate on the Main Motion, hence debate time for the resolution is suspended. It can only be brought up in debate time against the resolution. Procedure: 1. The delegate proposes to postpone a resolution indefinitely. 2. The Chair asks for a second. 3. If seconded, the assembly moves into debate time for and against the motion. 4. Once debate is complete, a vote is taken. The motion requires a majority vote to pass. If the motion passes, the resolution is discarded from the agenda and may not be brought up again at any time. On the other hand, if the motion is fails, debate will continue on the Main Motion and the Chair asks the speaker if they would like to speak in time against. In the actual UN, Postpone Indefinitely is most often used by the opposition as a strategic move to find out how many people are in favour of the resolution before the final vote on the resolution. The Chair may choose not to entertain this motion if there is little time remaining or a long agenda exists. If Lay on Table is voted on and failed for a given resolution, Postpone Indefinitely is automatically out of order, as the assembly has already proved its interest towards debating the particular resolution. The motion can only be called once on a resolution. There can be no objection to the withdrawal of a Postpone Indefinitely. 88

89 Delegate's Section 14 RECONSIDER This is a motion to bring back a passed or failed resolution to the agenda. This motion means that someone on the winning side has changed his or her mind and wishes to redebate and revote on a certain resolution. This motion should not be confused with a simple revote, held when there was some confusion during voting or if the vote was very close. Procedure: 1. Delegate says, I would like to reconsider a resolution. Mover must have the floor during debate time for or against any other resolution. 2. The chair says, Which resolution are you referring to?, to which the delegate responds with the title of the resolution. 3. The Chair asks the delegate to state which way he/she voted. It must be the winning side (i.e. if the resolution failed, you should have voted against it, and vice versa). 4. The Chair asks for a second. 5. Then the Chair says, You have thirty seconds to explain why we should reconsider this motion. This is an uninterrupted speech. 6. If there is a valid reason, then the assembly moves into voting procedures. Before the vote is taken on the reconsidered resolution, there should be six minutes of open debate to remind the assembly of the aspects of the resolution. A motion to Reconsider is not debatable as debating the Reconsider would mean debating the Main Motion again. The use of this motion should be discouraged, as the agendas are usually quite long. Cannot object to the withdrawal of a Reconsider. Reconsider may be used in the General Assembly and the GAC, but not in the Security Council (see Special Rule 10). 15 MAIN MOTION Main Motion refers to the resolution. It has the lowest precedence so it does not apply to any other motion but all others apply to it. The Chairperson must be alert and listen to motions called out during a Main Motion and make sure they are valid. Procedure: 1. The Chair says, The next resolution on the agenda is topic. The sponsor, delegation name has the floor. 2. Speaker takes the floor and reads out the resolution. 89

90 Delegate's Section 3. The Chair asks for a second. 4. If seconded, the Chair says, The assembly will now move into eight minutes debate time for this resolution. 5. If not seconded, the resolution is discarded. 6. Once time for expires, the Chair says, The assembly will now move into eight minutes debate time against the resolution. All speakers in time against must be open to at least one Point of Information. 7. The Chair then tells the sponsor they have one minute to strictly rebut or respond to any points brought up against his or her resolution. 8. After the sponsor s closing statement, the resolution is put to a vote (majority to pass). 9. The Chair then announces whether the resolution passes or fails. 10. The Chair may then choose to move into Right to Explain Vote, if time allows. Passed resolutions of committee stages are collated and debated in the General Assembly. Only Reconsider can bring back defeated resolutions, and only in the same stage (i.e., resolutions passed or failed in committee can only be reconsidered while still in committee stage, not in the General Assembly). VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE IN THE CHAIR A Vote of No Confidence is called because a delegate feels that the Chair is incompetent and not fit to preside over the assembly. It is a motion to have the current Chairperson replaced, due to a lack of faith in his or her chairing abilities. A Vote of No Confidence takes precedence over all other motions currently being discussed. Procedure: 11. Delegate says, I would like to call a Vote of No Confidence in the Chair. 12. The Chair says, "There has been a Vote of No Confidence in the Chair. Has the mover brought up a valid Appeal or Point of Order against the current Chair? If not, the motion is dismissed, and if the point is dilatory, the delegate is warned that it is ground for removal from the Assembly. If the mover has, the Chair re-explains their earlier decision and justifies his or her overall performance to the assembly. 13. The Chair then asks the mover if they would like to withdraw their motion. If they choose to do so, the Chair moves on with the pending question. If not, the Chair asks for a second. 14. If the motion is seconded, the Chair warns the mover that he will be asked three questions concerning parliamentary procedure, the content of which is up to the Chair s discretion; that a 2/3+1 vote is required to pass the motion; that failure to answer all three questions correctly under the set time limit will result in expulsion from the EAMUN programme; and if the motion passes, the mover must assume the responsibilities of the Chair until a suitable replacement is found. 90

91 Delegate's Section 15. The delegate is asked again whether they would like to withdraw their motion. 16. If the delegate does not withdraw his or her motion, Securitaries will surround the delegate completely to ensure that they do not cheat while answering the questions. The Chair will then proceed to give the delegate three questions, all set under a strict time limit according to the Chair s discretion and pertaining to Parliamentary Procedure any official EAMUN rules. During the three questions, the delegate may not speak at any time or consult any source through any medium. Cheating will result in immediate removal from the assembly and expulsion from the programme. 17. If any questions are answered incorrectly or if the vote is not achieved, the delegate should be immediately removed from the assembly to be dealth with by the Executive Committee. 18. If all three questions are answered correctly within the time limit and the vote is achieved, the current Chairperson will be removed from his or her position and the mover of the Vote of No Confidence will temporarily assume the chairing position. The withdrawal of a Vote of No Confidence cannot be objected to. 91

92 Delegate's Section Additional Information on Conference Proceedings Exceptions to General Debate The following sections establish the protocol for situations that represent a departure from the rules that govern general debate proceedings. CRISIS SITUATIONS In a crisis situation, delegates must write resolutions that provide solutions to a currently developing emergency, read aloud by an Executive Committee member or Senior Chairperson. Procedure: 1. The Chairperson or an Executive Committee member announces the details of the crisis. 2. The Senior Chairperson explains that delegates will be split up into groups, explains what delegates need to do, sets an allotted time, and suspends all rules. 3. Once time is up, the Chairperson calls all delegates back to their seats and restores rules in the assembly. 4. Each resolution is then presented with a short time for and against. Crisis resolutions operate similarly to Main Motions except that voting is held after all the crisis resolutions have been presented. 5. After all resolutions have been presented, the assembly will vote for the best resolution. Countries may not vote for the resolution submitted by their own group. The Chairperson should CROSSFIRE remind delegates of the one vote per country policy. General Guidelines for Crossfire: Only applicable in Security Council, ICJ, Special Summit, and the Global Health Council. During crossfire the chair recognizes a delegate who indicates their desire to speak by raising their placard. The delegate will make his or her argument from their seat, after which they may either yield the floor to the chair or to another delegate on his or her side. There will only be one consecutive yielding made by the speaker. There may only be two speakers on a side of debate before the Chair yields to the opposing side. There should only be one extension of debate during crossfire unless the Senior Chair strongly feels that the length of the agenda and quality of debate allow for a second extension. Points of Information in Crossfire: A side of debate must be open to at least one Point of Information (i.e. if the first speaker yields to another delegate and is not open to a Point of Information, the second speaker must be open to a Point of Information; if the first speaker plans on yielding to the Chair after his or her speech, he or she must be open to one Point of Information). A speaker during crossfire may only be open to a maximum of two Points of Information. 92

93 Delegate's Section A Point of Information to the speaker should pertain to the current speaker s argument. It may, however, also be used to question a contradiction that has been made or to find out the current speaker s opinion on a previously discussed matter. If, however, the Chair feels that a Point of Information is irrelevant to the current speaker or is redundant (independent of tactical purposes), the Chair may call the speaker out of order and ask him or her to ask a different question. If the delegate persists, the Chair should take the floor away from the delegate. The Chair must be extremely alert during crossfire and pay attention to the points being made during discussion to ensure that all Points of Information are dealt with appropriately. When a Point of Information is directed at the current speaker, only the current speaker may either respond or decline to respond to the question. No other delegate on the speaker s side may respond to the question. Delegates in Crossfire: In an intimate crossfire setting, all delegates are expected to be actively involved in the discussion of the question. Although it is difficult for every delegate to frequently have the floor, every delegate should have a justifiable argument pertaining to the current question. If the Chair believes that a delegate is not engaged in discussion, they may call Right to Explain Position. The procedure for Right to Explain Position is the same as that for a Right to Explain Vote. If the delegate s response does not show evidence of active involvement in debate, the Chair may give the delegate an official warning. Upon second offence the delegate s badge may be clipped. Only a Senior Chair can give a warning or clipping for this purpose. Specialised Committees In addition to the committees and General Assemblies, the EAMUN features several smaller, specialised committees and councils that focus on narrower areas of interest or perform particular functions. This section will outline the procedure specific to each one. SECURITY COUNCIL Procedure in the Security Council follows the same general rules that are observed in the committees,except that there is no sponsor closing statement and there will be three minutes of crossfire prior to the vote on a resolution. The sponsor of the resolution will be the first speaker in the crossfire. Only Point of Privilege, Orders of the Day, Point of Order, and Previous Question will be in order during the crossfire. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Running during the second half of conference, the ICJ will be a simulation of the United Nations primary judicial organ, serving as a platform for countries to debate current and historic conflicts in an international court of law. In the ICJ, one country presents a case against another country (decided before conference). Procedure: 93

94 Delegate's Section 1. Each country presents a position statement (a speech explaining why their country was violated or why their country did nothing wrong, depending on their side of the argument). 2. After position statements, there is time for crossfire between the two parties. 3. After crossfire between the two parties, there is time for crossfire for the delegate (participants include the audience, judging panel, and the other delegate). 4. Once time for crossfire has expired, the judging panel decides their verdict and announces it to the assembly. The judging panel is made up of five delegates and may include Junior Chairpersons. SPECIAL SUMMIT Special Summit will run throughout conference and is a forum in which delegates will debate issues of moral or political significance, decided before conference, from the perspective of the youth, not as members of a particular delegation. The debate is governed by the Senior Chairperson and a judging panel, consisting of five delegates who have voluntarily signed up during conference. There will be no Junior Chairpersons on the panel. The judging panel must pay attention to debate at all times. Motions in order in the Special Summit include: Point of Privilege, Orders of the Day, Point of Parliamentary Inquiry, Point of Information, Point of Order, Appeal, Previous Question, and Extend Debate. Procedure: 1. The Senior Chairperson introduces the topic to the assembly. 2. The Senior Chairperson then announces which countries will be debating for and against the topic. 3. From this point onward delegates are no longer debating according to their respective countries policies but from the points of view they have been assigned. 4. Each side is given ten minutes to prepare an opening statement. Opening statements must not exceed five minutes. Yielding during the opening statement is permitted. 5. Each side presents their opening statement. 6. The assembly proceeds into a forty-five minute crossfire. See the section on Crossfire for more details. 7. Each side is then given five minutes to prepare closing statements. Closing statements are intended to rebut points brought up against a side s argument or re-state points brought up for their argument. New points of debate should not be brought up during closing statements. Closing statements must not exceed five minutes and yielding during this time is permitted. The speaker who made the opening statement should not make the closing statement. 8. The judges will then declare the winners of the debate (i.e. the side with the best argument and overall presentation). Only one judge is permitted to speak and will act as the representative of the panel. 94

95 Delegate's Section Delegates arriving during the presentation of opening statements will not be allowed to participate in debate for that particular issue. Motions in order in the Summit include: Point of Privilege, Orders of the Day, Point of Parliamentary Inquiry, Point of Information, Point of Order, Appeal, Previous Question, and Extend Debate. GLOBAL HEALTH COUNCIL The Global Health Council (GHC) will take place during the second half of the conference week i.e. it will run concurrently with the General Assembly. Delegates may sign up to participate in the GHC during the first two days of conference. The topics debated in the GHC will be able to be solved in two ways, which will be decided by the Secretariat. The Judging Panel will consist of five delegates, and may not include Junior Chairpersons. Procedure: 1. The Chair announces the topic. 2. The two proposed solutions for the topic will be stated by the Chairperson. 3. Delegates will then indicate which solution they prefer - hence dividing the council into two. If the two sides are imbalanced, the Senior Chairperson may move delegates to even out the sides. This is unto his/her discretion. 4. The two sides will be given 30 minutes to formulate one resolution each. During this time, all rules are suspended. 5. Once the 30 minutes are complete, the first resolution is read. 6. The Council shall then move into 8 minutes For and Against the first resolution. 7. This is followed by a 20 minute Crossfire on the first resolution. 8. At the end of this Crossfire, the Council will move into Sponsor s Closing Statement for the first resolution. 9. This will lead to 8 minutes For and Against the second resolution minute Crossfire will again follow for the second resolution. 11. The Sponsor s Closing Statement will take place for the second resolution. 12. Finally, the judging panel will announce the winning resolution. During resolution debate and Crossfire, all motions are in order except destructive motions and amendments. Managing A Committee CHAIRING Delegates are never allowed to give orders to the Chair. Respect for the Chair is essential at all times. Any rules decided upon by the Senior Chairperson must be applied consistently throughout the session. 95

96 Delegate's Section Chairs are expected to use diplomatic language at all times. A Junior Chairperson may only make announcements under the guidance of a Senior Chairperson. TAKING OVER FROM ANOTHER CHAIRPERSON Junior Chair chairing schedules will be posted at the Information Desk. Junior Chairpersons scheduled to chair at specific times or in specific sessions should be present fifteen minutes before their scheduled time in order to become familiar with what is happening prior to taking over. If a Junior Chair is late, their chairing time will be removed from the schedule. The Senior Chairperson of the assembly will inform the arriving Junior Chairperson of any specific proceedings or regulations that have been established in the committee room (e.g. Postpone Indefinitely has failed and therefore Lay on Table is out of order). LAST CHAIRPERSON OF THE AFTERNOON The last scheduled Chairperson of the day should: - Read any announcements. - Request that all delegates check to see that they have all their personal belongings with them. - Tell delegates to return their placards to the appropriate places. - Close debate if the discussion on an issue has not finished by the appropriate time, to be continued from where it was left off on the next day. - Pick up gavel, stamp, and any other official materials and return them to the EAMUN administration before leaving for the day. BREAKS AND LUNCHES Short in-house breaks maybe given by the Chair at any time. A specific morning, lunch and afternoon break time will be stated on the master schedule. A time to return from the break should always be given and all attempts must be made to begin at the appointed time when the break finishes. All committees should begin at the appointed times at the beginning of the day and after the specified break times. It is important to establish as early as possible the fact that sessions will begin at the stated times. - Delegates arriving late to committee sessions will be clipped. If a quorum is not achieved in the assembly Securitaries should be sent to look for delegates. REVOTE A revote may only be called by the Chairperson of the assembly. A revote is necessary when the vote on a motion was too close to call and the Chairperson needs to count the votes for and against to correctly determine if the motion passes or fails. Alternatively, a revote may be called if the Chairperson feels that the assembly has not fully understood the voting procedures for the motion at hand. If this occurs, the Chairperson will call for a revote and clarifying the voting procedures for the motion in question. 96

97 Delegate's Section WARNING DELEGATES WHO MISUSE PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE 1. Call the delegate out of order and explain why he or she is out of order. Warn that on the next abuse, the delegate or delegation will lose the right to Privilege Points. 2. Revoke Privilege Points. 3. Ask Securitaries to remove the delegate or delegation from the room and call an Executive Committee member to deal with the issue. BEHAVIOUR THAT MERITS A LOSS OF THE FLOOR Swearing or profanity. Protracted irrelevance of speech. Continued insults to other members of the assembly. Disrespect for the Chair UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM THE COMMITTEE Members may enter or leave the committee room only before debate on a resolution begins, during the transition between debate time for and debate time against, or after voting procedures have been completed. When doors are closed, no delegates remaining outside will be allowed into the room. If a delegate is outside when voting procedures take place, the delegation will have lost its vote on the resolution being discussed. No revotes will be held because a delegate was out of the room during a vote. RESOLUTIONS All resolutions that the Chairperson announces for debate must have been passed by the Resolution Approval Committee (RAC) and have an official EAMUN stamp on them. If a resolution is tabled or defeated, a Securitary should always indicate its status in the official resolution booklet for that committee. When a resolution is passed it should be immediately stamped with the official committee stamp and signed by the Senior Chairperson. If copies of a merged resolution have not been made available, an Executive Committee member should be immediately notified by a Securitary. The Chairperson may call a short recess during the time it takes to copy the resolution or he may move on to the next agenda item. When copies are available, the merged resolution will become the next agenda item. AMENDMENTS Securitaries will be responsible for providing amendment forms. If anyone requests an amendment form, two should be delivered. One copy will be for the delegate and one copy for the Chair. No one should be allowed to present an amendment unless the Chair has received a copy of it beforehand. If the amendment passes it should be stamped, signed and attached to the resolution. The Chair should encourage amendments and entertain them if they are correctly proposed. 97

98 Delegate's Section PLAGIARISM Copying of another resolution or taking credit for someone else s work is a serious offense that will result in severe consequences, possibly even expulsion, to be determined by the Executive Committee. Any complaint of plagiarism brought before the Chair of plagiarism should be immediately reported to an Executive Committee member. DUTIES OF VISITORS A visitor to the committee is required to respect and follow all the rules of the committee. If a visitor fails to follow regulations or disrupts the committee in any way, a Securitary should warn them. If misconduct continues, the Chair should be informed and the visitor may be asked to leave by an Executive Committee Member. Visitors should not be asked to leave by a Junior or Senior Chairperson. Visitors cannot vote under any circumstances. They may only speak to the committee after obtaining written approval from the Chair, which lasts as long as the Chairperson is chairing, and having been yielded to by a member of the committee (one time only). Lack of room space may restrict the number of visitors. ROLE OF SECURITARIES One Head Securitary shall be appointed to each committee. This person shall be responsible for delegating the duties of the room to all other Securitaries and shall report to the Senior Chairperson of that committee. Securitaries will pick up all messages held aloft by delegates. All messages must be on official notepaper. All messages will be screened by the Head Securitary or an appointed advisor. Note screeners will immediately discard messages containing any personal or inappropriate information. If a delegation continues to abuse its note-sending privilege, it may lose its right to do so. Securitaries will not distribute any resolution booklets during the course of the conference unless given express permission to do so by an Executive Committee member. Some Securitaries will sit on the chairing dais as timekeepers, vote counters, and keepers of the speaker s checklist. Securitaries will ensure that the noise in a committee is kept to an appropriate level. Delegates causing a disturbance will be immediately reported to the Head Securitary. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS Executive Committee members will be circulating among the committees to assist the Senior Chairpersons that are presiding over the debate. In case of any serious difficulty in the committee rooms, members of the chairing staff should seek assistance from an Executive Committee member or an EAMUN administrator. 98

99 Delegate's Section Special Rules of Parliamentary Procedure Officers of the East African Model United Nations RULE 1. APPOINTMENT The officers of the East African Model United Nations shall be trained and appointed by the East African Model United Nations Coordinator and the Executive Committee members, who are: the Secretary- General, the Deputy Secretary-General, the Co-chairpersons of the 1 st General Assembly, and the Cochairpersons of the 2 nd General Assembly, for the current year. Duties of Officers of the East African Model United Nations RULE 2. SECURITARIES In addition to exercising powers and duties conferred upon them elsewhere by these rules, securitaries will be responsible for: maintaining order in the assemblies, passing messages between delegations, manning the doors and regulating all entry and exit as specified times, and ensuring that delegates return to their designated conference rooms on time after breaks and lunch. Securitaries may not leave their designated conference rooms unless they receive authorization from the Senior Chair of the committee or an Executive Committee member. Prior to being given, all warnings must go through a Head Securitary or an Assistant Head Securitary, who will in turn issue the warning. Any Securitary caught clipping badges will be expelled from the conference. RULE 3. HEAD SECURITARIES Head Securitaries will be responsible for overseeing other Securitaries, delegates, and the Press Corps in the conference rooms. There must be one Head Securitary present in each of the conference rooms at all times. The Head Securitaries will operate their respective rooms throughout the conference, working with a team of Securitaries that will be renewed each day. Head Securitaries are further responsible for leaving their respective rooms in good condition and may not leave until dismissed by their Senior Chairs. RULE 4. JUNIOR CHAIRS In addition to exercising powers and duties conferred upon them elsewhere by these rules, the Junior Chairpersons in each committee shall direct its discussions, put forward questions, and announce decisions. They shall rule on all motions of parliamentary procedure, and subject to these rules they shall have control over the maintenance of order at these meetings. Thus, their main aim is to guide, oversee, and moderate debate. They may propose limitations of speakers, debate time, and privilege points, but these limitations may only be carried out if authorized by the Senior Chair. The Junior Chairpersons will carry out their duties under the direction of a Senior Chairperson in different committees at different times, which will be communicated to them beforehand. When not carrying out their chairing duties, they shall act as delegates and participate in debate. They are not allowed to be delegates of the Special Summit. RULE 5. SENIOR CHAIRPERSONS In addition to exercising powers conferred upon them elsewhere by these rules, including all the powers of the Junior Chairpersons, the Senior Chairpersons shall have complete control over the maintenance of order during the sessions of EAMUN. Senior Chairpersons must abide by Parliamentary Procedure and all rules of conference. They may, however, propose the suspension of rules or privileges according to their discretion and in accordance to the rights conferred upon them by these rules. 99

100 Delegate's Section They shall declare the opening and closing of each meeting of the session and shall have the power to make announcements on behalf of the Executive Committee. They shall take notes of their committees decisions and pass them on to their designated Executive Committee member. They may, in the course of the discussion of an item, declare the closure of the list of speakers, debate, or privilege points. They may suspend the use of privilege points for individuals or the whole assembly if these points are greatly misused by members of the assembly. They may further take away the floor from speakers who misuse it and may remove individuals or delegations that cause major or repeated disruptions in the Committees or General Assembly. Senior Chairs are expected to pay their upmost attention to all proceedings of their respective committee rooms and the debate so that they may make all decisions properly and ensure that there is no confusion or interruptions to debate. They shall assist the Executive Committee by performing any additional tasks or duties assigned to them by the members of the Executive Committee and shall represent specific Executives in their committees. RULE 6. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The Executive Committee shall have six rotating positions held by students, namely the Secretary General, the Deputy Secretary-General, the Co-chairpersons of the 1st General Assembly, and the Cochairpersons of the 2nd General Assembly. They are collectively responsible for organising all official EAMUN conferences and events and are entitled to make decisions on all issues or questions concerning the same. They may also make changes and adjustments to the programme itself, if necessary, and amend the constitution, the special rules, the parliamentary procedure, and all official documents of the EAMUN for the benefit of the programme. The Executive Committee is responsible for training and appointing all officers required for the conferences through diplomatic selection. Outgoing members of the Executive Committee shall select incoming members for the following year. In all matters of expulsion and on all issues and questions posing a major disturbance to the programme, the Executive Committee shall have the final say. However, this must be done in consultation with the national coordinator. The responsibilities of the Executive Committee may further be divided between the members; however such divisions are not mandatory and are exchangeable. It is vital that on all major issues concerning the EAMUN, the Executive Committee shall act as a body on all decision-making and during the execution of said decisions. The Secretary-General is in charge delegating responsibilities to the rest of the Executive body and monitor their progress. In the case of dispute, he or she shall have the final say on any matter. He or she shall oversee the provision of all officers necessary for the conference. The Deputy Secretary-General shall closely support the Secretary-General in all his or her duties and assume the position in the case of their absence. Her or she is in charge of the Global Health Council and the International Court of Justice. The Co-chairpersons of the 1st General Assembly are responsible for event management; overseeing the charity project and all related charitable fundraising; and the entire MSMUN programme. The Co-chairpersons of the 2nd General Assembly must organise and and monitor the statistical aspect of any meetings; train and provide Securitaries for all conferences; and are responsible for the Special Summit. 100

101 Delegate's Section The Co-chairpersons are also in charge of the successful operation of their respective General Assemblies and committees and shall assist the Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General in all additional tasks or responsibilities appointed to them. RULE 7. ASSISTANT OFFICERS TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The Media Director of Publications shall handle all social media required by the Executive committee; handle the daily newsletter of EAMUN during the conference; and oversee the creation of the end-ofconference video. The Media Director of Logistics shall coordinate all logistical aspects of Press Corps; handle interviews of Executive Committee members, guest speakers, et cetera; and handle equipment to ensure the smooth management of Press Corps. The Media Directors shall collectively oversee Press Corps and shall work closely together in constant communication. Plenary Sessions of the General Assembly RULE 8. MEMBERSHIP CREDENTIALS All participants of the East African Model United Nations will be identified with a badge issued by the organisation, indicating their status and other details. Badges must be worn and visible at all times. Participants without badges will not be allowed to sit in the committee or participate in debate. Only Head Securitaries, Senior Chairs, and Executive Committee members may clip badges. If any participant s badge is clipped twice, he or she will be permanently expelled from the EAMUN conference. Only an Executive Committee member may administer the second clipping. RULE 9. ADJOURNMENTS AND RECESSES The Senior Chairperson alone is empowered to call adjournments and recesses. Short in-house breaks may be given by the Chair at any time. A specific morning, lunch, and afternoon break time will be stated on the master schedule. A time to return from the break should always be given and all attempts must be made to begin at the appointed time when the break finishes. All committees should begin at the appointed times at the beginning of the day and after the specified break times. It is important to establish as early as possible that sessions will begin at the stated times. Delegates arriving late to committee sessions will be clipped. If a quorum is not achieved in the assembly Securitaries should be sent to look for delegates. RULE 10. QUORUM IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY A majority of the total member nations present shall constitute a quorum in the General Assembly. Official Observers to the EAMUN and Non-governmental Organisations do not constitute part of the quorum. RULE 11. QUORUM IN A COMMITTEE OR COUNCIL A third of the total member nations present shall constitute a quorum in a committee. However, the presence of a majority of a committee s members is required to put a question to vote. Official Observers and Non-governmental Organisations do not constitute part of the quorum. RULE 14. AGENDA Agendas for the various committees and councils shall be set at random by the Senior Chairpersons. Only resolutions approved by the Resolution Approval Committee (RAC) will be accepted by the Chairpersons for their agendas. Agendas for the General Assembly will be set by the Executive Committee and shall only consist of passed resolutions from the committee stage. Senior Chairpersons shall decide upon and post their agendas at the Information Desk at the beginning of each day of 101

102 Delegate's Section debate. Changes may, however, be made to the agenda by the Senior Chairperson and such changes should be announced to the assembly. RULE 13. OPEN DEBATE AND LIMITS OF DEBATE The floor is open to an allotted debate time for and against all debatable motions set by the senior chair. A maximum of one extension of debate will be allowed on a Main Motion in the General Assembly. For all other debatable motions, open debate is limited with no possible extensions. Only at the end of active debate will Previous Question be in order. In the committee, all limits of debate will be entertained at the discretion of the Senior Chairperson, depending on the length of the agenda and quality of debate. RULE 14. SPEECHES The Chairperson shall select speakers who signify their desire to speak. The Chairperson can call a speaker to order if their remarks are not relevant to the subject under discussion. A speech can only be interrupted by a Point of Privilege pertaining to insult or audibility or Orders of the Day. All other motions will only be entertained during transition time in between speakers. Speakers against a Main Motion or an Amendment must be open to at least one Point of Information. RULE 15. YIELDING In both the committees and the General Assembly, the floor may only be yielded once consecutively. Furthermore, each delegation may only be yielded the floor by another delegation twice per day. Yielding by the Chair will be conducted under no such limitations. RULE 16. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION All written communication must pertain to committee proceedings be written in English on clearly identifiable notepaper bearing To and From designations. All messages will be screened by an appointed advisor prior to being delivered. Any message that does not fulfill any of the requirements outlined in this Special Rule will not be delivered. Only Securitaries may deliver notes. Only messages written on special notepaper provided by EAMUN will be delivered to the Chair. A limited amount of notes to the Chair will be provided each delegation at the beginning of conference. Ambassadors are expected to provide and distribute notepaper to their delegation. No notes written on improper notepaper will be delivered. RULE 17. VOTING IN A COMMITTEE OR COUNCIL Voting Policy: As the United Nations, each member state will be given one vote per motion in the committees and the General Assembly. Official Observers, Non-governmental Organizations, and Visitors do not have the right to vote. Permanent Security Council members will exercise veto powers only on substantial motions debated in the Council. Conduct: After the Chair has announced the beginning of voting, no representative shall interrupt except on a Point of Order pertaining to voting procedure or a Point of Privilege due to audibility. Abstentions: A delegation may not abstain from a motion because they are not sure which way to vote. A delegation may only abstain from a motion for political reasons (e.g. the delegation is against the current resolution but their country has an alliance with the sponsor country that it does not wish to break). The number of delegates actively abstaining will be recorded and the right to explain vote may be given to these delegations. Abstentions are counted as a vote against. Delegations abstaining during voting on the main motion will be required to fill out and submit abstention forms justifying their reasons for abstaining. Abstentions will only be in order for motions requiring a majority vote. 102

103 Delegate's Section Revote: A revote may only be called by the Chairperson of the assembly. It is necessary when the vote on a motion was too close to call and the Chairperson needs to count the votes for and against to correctly determine if the motion passes or fails. Alternatively, a revote may be called if the Chairperson feels that the assembly has not fully understood the voting procedures for the motion at hand. If this occurs, the Chairperson will call for a revote and clarify the voting procedures for the motion in question. Right to Explain Vote: After the voting has been completed, countries from each side may be asked to state how they voted and why in a thirty-second speech. However, this is to the discretion of the Chair depending on time. RULE 18. VOTING IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL Amendments and resolutions discussed in the Security Council will only be passed by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members. When voting on an Amendment or a Main Motion, a negative vote, not an abstention, from any permanent member of the Council will automatically defeat the motion. On procedural matters, an affirmative vote of nine members will pass the motion, regardless of permanent status. RULE 19. RESOLUTIONS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL Resolutions passed or failed by the Security Council can only be reconsidered by the General Assembly as a Uniting for Peace resolution, which requires a 2/3 + 1 vote to pass. A Uniting for Peace resolution is proposed when a delegate feels that the Security Council has failed to act in the interest of an international peace and security due to a contention amongst its permanent members. This is typically used when a delegate believes that a resolution was unfairly failed because a permanent member exercised its veto power. It may only be proposed by a member of the Security The resolution in question must have achieved a minimum of nine affirmative votes when presented to the Council, regardless of permanent status, and must deal with urgent matters of peace and security. The Executive Committee will decide upon whether or not a resolution qualifies for reconsideration in the General Assembly. RULE 20. SUSPENSION OF RULES The Suspension of Rules may only be proposed by a Senior Chair or an Executive Committee member, and only if absolutely necessary. All rules are suspended during the resolution writing processes in a Crisis Situation and in the Global Health Committee. 103

104 Delegate's Section Securitary Special Rules Securitaries of the East African Model United Nations RULE 1. APPOINTMENT The Securitaries of the East African Model United Nations shall be trained and appointed by the East African Model United Nations Coordinator and the Executive Committee members, who are: the Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretary-General, the Co-chairpersons of the 1 st General Assembly, and the Co-chairpersons of the 2 nd General Assembly, for the current year. Duties of Securitaries of the East African Model United Nations RULE 2. SECURITARIES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND COMMITTEES In addition to exercising powers and duties which are conferred upon them elsewhere by these rules, securitaries will be responsible for: Maintaining order in the assemblies. Passing messages between delegations in assembly rooms. Manning the doors and regulating all entry and exit at specified times. Ensuring lunch. that delegates return to their designated conference rooms on time after breaks and RULE 3. HEAD SECURITARIES Head Securitaries will be responsible for overseeing other Securitaries, delegates, and the Press Corps in the conference rooms. Only the Head Securitary may clip badges. Any other Securitary caught clipping badges will be expelled from the conference. There must be one Head Securitary present in each of the conference rooms at all times. There will be one Head Securitary for each committee room, and one Head Securitary for both Special Summit and ICJ. The Head Securitaries will operate their respective rooms throughout the conference, working with a team of Securitaries that will be renewed each day. Head Securitaries are further responsible for leaving their respective rooms in good condition and may not leave until dismissed by their Senior Chairs. RULE 4. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION Securitaries will be responsible for passing notes between delegations with their respective conference rooms: A. Acceptable Messages: All written communication must pertain to committee proceedings and be written in English on clearly identifiable notepaper bearing To" and From" designations. B. Note Screening: All messages will be screened by a Head Securitary or an appointed advisor prior to being delivered. Any message that does not fulfill any of the requirements outlined in this Special Rule will not be delivered. Only Securitaries may deliver notes. C. Passing Unauthorised Notes: Any Securitary caught passing a note that has not been approved by either a Head Securitary or an advisor will be reported immediately to an Executive Committee member. 104

105 Delegate's Section D. Communication with the Chair: Only messages written on special notepaper provided by EAMUN will be delivered to the Chair. A limited amount of notes to the Chair will be provided each delegation at the beginning of conference. E. Communication Between Committee Rooms: Only one Securitary will be allowed to pass notes between rooms, and only after having received permission from a Head Securitary. RULE 5. AMENDMENT AND ABSTENTION FORMS Securitaries will provide amendment and abstention forms to delegates upon request. They will also be responsible for collecting and delivering these forms to the Chair. RULE 6. DEPARTURES FROM THE CONFERENCE ROOM Once the Chair specifies that the door should be closed (i.e., at the start of every session), no one should be permitted in or out of the conference rooms: A. Manning Doors: At least one Securitary should be always present at the door. Entry into and exit from the conference rooms will only be allowed during the transition from time for to time against during debate on a resolution and after voting procedures have finished on a resolution. B. Entry into the Conference Room: Delegates waiting to enter the conference rooms must keep quiet and Securitaries must ensure that any noise is kept to an appropriate level. They may further request that a Head Securitary from their committee room step outside to clip badges if the delegates cannot be controlled. C. Bathroom Passes: In order to leave the room delegates must ask the messengers for a bathroom pass. Their time of departure should be noted by a Securitary. Should the delegate fail to return after fifteen minutes, he or shill will be given a warning and continuous abuse will lead to badge clipping. Each delegate will be allowed to use the bathroom a maximum of two times per day a Securitary at the chairing dais will note the number of times a delegate requests a bathroom pass. D. Chairing Passes: Junior Chairs may be permitted in and out of the conference rooms only if they bear a chairing pass or note from a Senior Chair or an Executive Committee member. E. Press Corps: Members of the Press Corps will have free movement in and out of conference rooms at all times except during voting procedures. F. Emergency Departures: Members of the committee may be allowed to exit in the case of an emergency, such as an illness, at any point, but may only return to the conference room at the designated times. G. Crisis Situations: All doors must be closed during a crisis situation, and no one should be permitted in and out, except for delegates with bathroom passes, Junior Chairs with chairing passes, and Executive Committee members. H. Executive Committee Members and Senior Chairpersons: Executive Committee members and Senior Chairs will be permitted to move freely between the committee rooms at any point in time. RULE 7. INFORMATION DESK One Securitary will be assigned to staff the information desk at various times according to a predetermined schedule. At the beginning of each day and at lunch, two Securitaries will staff the desk. 105

106 Delegate's Section The information desk must always be manned to address any queries from advisors, Junior Chairs, or delegates and to ensure that any materials kept at the desk are not tampered with or stolen. HANDLING OF OFFENCES RULE 8. MINOR OFFENCES Minor offences such as disruptive talking, playing with the microphones, violation of dress code, or removal of badges will result in a warning given as a shading in the top corner of the badge. If a minor offence is repeated, however, it will be considered a major offence and dealt with as specified in Rule 8. Badges will not be clipped on the first day of conference (lobbying). RULE 9. MAJOR OFFENCES Major offences will result in an immediate clipping of the delegate s badge: A. Food and Drinks: Delegates are not permitted to take any sort of food or drink into the conference rooms except for water. Eating or drinking anything in the conference rooms, including chewing gum, will result in a badge clipping. B. Tardiness after Breaks: Delegates must report to their respective rooms promptly after any breaks. Any delegate coming in late, without an acceptable reason, must be reported to the Head Securitary or an Executive Committee member to have his/her badge clipped. C. Illegal Offences: Cases of severe infringement of the EAMUN code (e.g., drinking, smoking of any kind, drug use, possession of a weapon, etc.), or any breaking of Kenyan law, must be immediately reported to a Senior Chair or an Executive Committee member. Such cases will result in immediate expulsion from the EAMUN. D. Language: The usage of profane language is strictly prohibited during the conference and will result in a warning. E. Second Clippings: Any delegate whose badge has been clipped once will be expelled from the EAMUN conference if cause for a second clipping ensues. The badge will be confiscated and the individual will be removed from the UN compound. The second clipping, however, may only be done by an Executive Committee member. F. General Conduct: Securitaries should maintain a level of professionalism at all times. RULE 10. DRESS CODE A. Attire of Participants: All EAMUN participants must wear appropriate and formal business attire. Jeans, degrading wear, and shorts are not allowed; undergarments are not to be visible at any time. Delegates may dress in the national dress of the country they are representing, but such dress must pertain to the guidelines stated herein. B. Men s Dress Code: Men must don formal attire that includes: i. Dress pants, dress shirts, dress shoes, a belt, and a tie; ii. Buttons must be fastened, sleeves unrolled, and shirts tucked in; cargo pants are unacceptable; iii. A jacket is not necessary, but if removed, any membership credentials (i.e. the badge) must continue to remain visible. C. Ladies Dress Code: Ladies must wear appropriate and formal attire that may include: 106

107 Delegate's Section i. Dress pants or slacks; skirts must end at a maximum of a width of four fingers from the knee (index to little finger) when seated (this is applicable to slits); shirts must reach the waistband; dresses and tops must be a maximum of four fingers from the collarbone and shoulder; dress shoes must be worn; ii. iii. Sheer clothing, logos on clothing, and three-quarter length tights are unacceptable attire; pantyhose are acceptable; If suspected of violating the dress code, individuals will be asked to make the necessary measurements themselves (i.e., check the four-finger width requirement) in front of a Securitary, Senior Chair, or Executive Committee member. D. Failure to Dress Appropriately: If any delegate or other EAMUN participant arrives improperly dressed, they will be asked to dress appropriately before being allowed into the conference rooms. Breaking the dress code may result in a clipping or a warning, according to the discretion of a Head Securitary, Senior Chair, or Executive Committee member. Usually, delegates will only be given a warning (i.e. a shading of the badge) on the first day of conference. Delegates that fail to dress appropriately two days into the week will be given an immediate clipping. E. Controversial Cases: In case of a dispute, it will be at the discretion of the Executive Committee to determine whether delegates clothes are inappropriate. The decision of the Executive Committee on such matters is final. RULE 11. ELECTRONIC DEVICES The use of electronic devices such as cell-phones, music players, laptops, etc., in the conference rooms is strictly prohibited and will result in an immediate badge clipping. However, laptops will be allowed during crisis situations, provided that they are used strictly for research into the crisis. If a delegate is caught illicitly using an electronic device, Securitaries will further confiscate the item, record the name and committee of the delegate, and give the item and information to an Executive Committee member. Securitaries must inform the delegate that they may collect their device at the end of the day from an Executive Committee member. RULE 12. CONSEQUENCES OF FAILING TO PERFORM DUTIES Securitaries must follow the rules enforced upon delegates. Contravention of the procedure will be dealt with as follows: the first offence will result in a warning. On the second offence the Securitary s badge will be clipped. On the third offence the Securitary s badge will be confiscated, and the Securitary will be expelled from the program. If a Securitary is expelled, the Securitary s school will not be able to bring any Securitaries to the next EAMUN conference. 107

108 Delegate's Section International Court of Justice Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, used to settle international disputes between member nations as well as to issue advisory opinions to the various agencies of the UN. In our MUN programme, delegates involved in an ICJ case will participate in an adversarial trial presided over by a panel of five judges. The judging panel will then issue a binding ruling to settle the contentious issue. The ICJ will run on the first two days of conference: The ambassadors of the parties involved must be present. One additional delegate from each of the parties may participate. Cases will be selected by the Executive Committee before conference. Countries involved must prepare a position statement (available online) and present it to the Senior Chair of the ICJ before the day of trial. An in-depth overview of procedure can be found in the position statement document. Keep up with our Facebook page for ICJ cases as they are posted. Special Summit The Special Summit is a unique committee of the EAMUN that features a series of debates on questions of political and ethical interest. For each debate, delegates will be assigned a stance in a two-sided crossfire with no regard to their delegations actual policies on the issue being discussed. A comprehensive explanation of procedure can be found online in the EAMUN Delegate Package. DELEGATES TO THE SUMMIT Any school bringing a full delegation can send a maximum of two delegates to the Summit. These delegates will be registered as representing the policies and viewpoints of two of the countries that have been assigned to their school, and must have at least one year of MUN experience. Special Summit delegates will not represent their countries in any of the committees or the General Assembly. They will only debate in the Summit, but may assist fellow delegates during the lobbying sessions. Special Summit delegates may not switch roles with other delegation members. By registering for the Summit, they permanently assign themselves to take part in the Summit for the full duration of conference. In addition, being so far removed from their fellow delegation members, Special Summit delegates may not serve in the capacity of ambassadors. SPECIAL SUMMIT TOPICS Special Summit topics will be released prior to the conferences. 108

109 Delegate's Section Global Health Council From the 2016/17 EAMUN conference and onwards, delegates have the option to participate in the Global Health Council (GHC). The GHC was founded due to the increasing number of health issues that surround our planet today and a lack of tangible solutions. This council will be dedicated to finding creative ways to tackle the many health hazards that endanger society. In the GHC, delegates will have the opportunity to innovate, collaborate, and initiate on topics that will be new to the EAMUN conference. Procedure on GHC can be found in the EAMUN Delegates Package. GHC TOPIC For the conference, there will be four GHC topics to be debated during half of the week at the EAMUN conference. The topics will be announced either at conference itself, or on the EAMUN Facebook page. The Executive Committee looks forward to seeing the new solutions created to tackle the epidemic health issues that face our evolving world. Mendonsa Charity Council The Mendonsa Charity Council (MCC) is a new specialized committee being introduced into EAMUN 2018, the purpose it to implement a practical, helpful charity project in Nairobi, Kenya. The delegates in this committee will be chosen prior to conference and the sessions will run half of the week. GOAL Participants will be given a sum of money -- raised by EAMUN during conference or donated by the Executive Committee -- with which they will write and implement a resolution that donates the money. The aim of this committee is to allow delegates to use the skills they've developed in previous conferences to positively impact the city that the conference occurs in. The resolution that is written with actual facts and monetary values will be debated in the committee that it pertains to.i.e if the resolution aims to combat poaching of lions in Nairobi, then it will be debated in the Ecology committee. STRUCTURE The committee will start with several lobbying sessions, in which delegates will be free to have an open discussion about their ideas for the project. After that, the delegates will come together and write a single resolution implementing the solution. The entire EAMUN Secretariat and the coordinators will oversee the writing on the resolution and ensure it is practical and applicable. PLANNING Those wishing to participate in MCC will need to submit applications beforehand. The Executive Committee will release more information concerning the committee either during the conference or on the EAMUN Facebook page. Only a select group of individuals will be allowed to be in the MCC. 109

110 EAST AFRICAN MODEL UNITED NATIONS AMBASSADOR'S BOOKLET

111 Ambassador's Section Table of Contents Table of Contents 111 Please note: 111 Selection of Ambassadors 112 Responsibilities 112 Dress Code 114 Research Prior to Conference 114 Communication During Debate 115 Bringing Resolutions to Conference 118 Resolution Pathway 119 How to Write a Resolution 121 Formatting a Resolution 122 Initiating Phrases 124 Members of the United Nations 128 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Position Statement 135 Please note: For updates prior to the conferences concerning Special Summit, ICJ, and GHC topics, MCC applications, or updates to Junior Chair and Securtitary notes please see the EAMUN Facebook page ( 111

112 Ambassador's Section Selection of Ambassadors The EAMUN programme does not involve itself in the selection of ambassadors. Instead, each participating school should select one ambassador from the members of each delegation it is representing. Some schools allow the students in each delegation to elect their own ambassador. COMMON SELECTION CRITERIA The ambassador plays an important role in the overall representation of his or her delegation during conference week. As such, schools will generally appoint ambassadors based on their previous experience in MUN and leadership abilities, ensuring that each delegation has at least one experienced member. Others leave the decision to the advisor, to be made from a holistic evaluation of each delegation member s leadership abilities, trustworthiness, enthusiasm for the programme, and character. These are just examples of how ambassadors may be selected EAMUN does not recommend one selection process over another. Responsibilities These are the general responsibilities that ambassadors will be expected to fulfill during the conference year. Individual schools may assign additional responsibilities to their ambassadors. DELEGATION PROFILE In the months before conference, each ambassador should fill out a delegation profile form (see "Forms") and distribute copies of it to the members of his or her delegation. This profile consists of basic information about the delegation that will guide the delegates research. RESOLUTIONS Ambassadors are responsible for heading their delegations efforts in writing resolutions however, it is not recommended that the ambassador alone write the resolution. They must ensure that the content of the resolution fits the criteria outlined later in this booklet (see How to Write a Resolution ) and that all resolutions fulfill formatting requirements (see Formatting a Resolution ). LOBBYING During the lobbying session, ambassadors must be keeping track of their delegations activities and encouraging delegation members to interact with others and garner support for resolutions. Ambassadors should also ensure that their delegation members are only supporting issues in a manner appropriate to their countries actual policies. Ambassadors should also assist any delegation members whose resolutions have been merged, making sure that the merged resolution is coherent and that the sponsors have a strategy for its presentation. COORDINATING THE DELEGATION Throughout conference week, ambassadors should be periodically checking in with their delegation members, remaining aware of debate proceedings in different committees and offering advice as necessary, especially to sponsors. All delegation members should be well-informed of their delegation s policies so as to accurately cast votes and participate in crisis situations. 112

113 Ambassador's Section Ambassadors must also make sure that their delegations are represented in all the necessary committees. If a nation is involved in an ICJ case, the ambassador should ensure that at least one delegation member has prepared for trial and is present for the duration of the ICJ. DONATING FUNDS Most resolutions presented for debate will request funding from donor nations. If that is the case, a delegate of a recognised donor nation (see Donor Nations ) may make a realistic donation to a cause his or her country would support. Securitaries will note down all donations and report them to the Chair. Ambassadors must clear all donations before they are made. If a donor nation is pledging excessive amounts of money to a resolution or supporting a resolution inconsistent with its policies, the ambassador will be held responsible. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Additionally, ambassadors of countries involved in ICJ cases must fill out position statements (see Forms") and be present on the last two days of conference for trial. VOTING FOR BEST RESOLUTION Towards the end of conference, ambassadors will be given forms on which they may indicate what they believed to be the best resolution in each committee. One best resolution award will be presented for each committee, and delegations must vote for resolutions in the committees they participated in. A delegation, however, may not vote for its own school s resolutions. Ambassadors should vote in consultation with their delegation members and hand in completed forms to Executive Committee members or Senior Chairs. 113

114 Ambassador's Section Dress Code As the EAMUN is a simulation of the world of diplomacy, all student participants are expected to dress in formal business attire at all official functions, including mock debates, workshops, and all the days of the conference. Formal business attire is not required at any of the training sessions or the closing dance. MEN S DRESS CODE Men s attire must include: Dress shirt Long-sleeved and sleeves unrolled All buttons fastened Tucked in Dress pants Dress shoes Belt Tie Suit jacket (optional) The following will not be allowed: T-shirts, unless worn under a dress shirt Headgear, unless for religious purposes or as part of the delegation s national dress Jeans, cargo pants, or corduroy/denim trousers Sagging Sneakers Shorts of any type WOMEN S DRESS CODE Women s attire may include: Women s business suits Professional dresses Blouses Sleeveless tops* Skirts* Slacks Dress shoes Sandals High heels Scarves as part of a professional ensemble or headdress Head coverings if for religious purposes or as part of national costume The following will not be allowed: Hats, berets, bandanas Corduroy/denim trousers, skirts, and jackets Jeans Tight, form-fitting trousers Trousers with studs, embroidery, or other applied designs Leggings Miniskirts Low-cut blouses and tops Blouses that are tight or form-fitting Shorts of any sort Tops that reveal a bare midriff T-shirts of any type Sneakers *Sleeveless tops must have straps at least four fingers wide (index to little finger); skirts must end at a maximum width of four fingers from the knee. Individuals suspected of violating the dress code will be asked to make the necessary measurements themselves (i.e., check the four-finger width requirement). Research Prior to Conference 114

115 Ambassador's Section As the EAMUN programme is a simulation of the real world United Nations organisation, it is important that every delegate knows his or her assigned nation s policies. Thorough research on the part of the delegates is thus essential to the success of the conference and ensures that the week is an accurate representation of international affairs. RESOURCES TO GUIDE RESEARCH An encyclopaedia is an excellent starting point for research into a delegation, along with other basic reference sources such as an atlas or an almanac. There are also a plethora of online sources available the CIA World Factbook is highly recommended. News agencies and periodicals like BBC and Newsweek also provide up-to-date coverage of international affairs that may be helpful to research. Delegates can even contact the local embassy of their nation and speak to a member of the diplomatic service there for information. When using these resources, look specifically for: An overview of the nation s history, particularly in regard to its participation in major conflicts. The nation s current economic state. Any treaties or organisations the country may belong to. The nation s historical enemies and allies. The degree to which the country participates in international affairs. The country s areas of interest (political, financial, etc.) abroad. The country s relationships with its neighbours. UNDERSTANDING THE UN MULTILATERAL SYSTEM Prior to coming to conference, it is essential that delegates have a firm understanding of what the United Nations organisation is, as well as a familiarity with its purposes and powers. Various historical documents, such as the UN Charter, are available online and there are plenty of books on the UN multilateral system. An accurate and thorough knowledge of what the United Nations is (and what it is not) will be particularly useful in writing and critiquing resolutions. Communication During Debate 115

116 Ambassador's Section During conference proceedings, delegates will only be allowed to communicate with one another via written notes transmitted by a Securitary. NOTEPAPER Delegations are expected to provide their own notepaper, printed prior to conference. EAMUN will not photocopy notepaper for delegations, nor will the UNON staff. Delegations should print out a quantity sufficient to last all delegation members throughout the week. Acceptable notepaper must be printed, bearing To" and From" designations, and a set of lines labeled Message: for the actual content of the note. An example of acceptable notepaper is shown below: REGULATIONS REGARDING NOTES Notes failing to meet the requirements below will be immediately discarded, and the sender may even face expulsion, depending on the severity of the infringement. Discarded notes will still count towards each delegation s limit of three notes per committee per day. Messages must be addressed from one delegation to another using only the names of the delegations involved. Messages must pertain solely to official business. Personal information or any comments unrelated to committee proceedings will not be acceptable. Notes may not contain insulting comments, inappropriate language, or inappropriate comments about members of the assembly. All notes must be written in English. All notes must be screened by a Head Securitary or an appointed advisor prior to being delivered. Notes sent to another committee room must be screened prior to leaving the room. Each delegation will be allowed to send a maximum of three notes per day in any given conference room. Any notes sent by a delegation beyond this limit will automatically be discarded. Notes addressed to the current speaker will not be delivered. Participants attempting to bribe, coerce, or threaten a Securitary into delivering an unscreened note risk expulsion from the programme. Securitaries have been informed that any such an attempt should be immediately reported to the Chair. The Chair also has the power to suspend note sending for his or her committee. NOTES TO THE CHAIRPERSON 116

117 Ambassador's Section EAMUN will provide specific notepaper only to be used for communication with the Chair, available in the ambassador s informational packet provided at the start of the conference week. Only these notes will be transmitted to the Chair. Additional notepaper for communication with the Chair may be requested from an Executive Committee member. 117

118 Ambassador's Section Bringing Resolutions to Conference INTRODUCTION A resolution is a formal text, written and presented by a delegation, that describes an issue facing a country or region of the world and outlines a possible solution that could be implemented to address it. Resolutions of the General Assembly must fall under the domain of a specific committee either Ecology, Economic, Human Rights, or Political. Resolutions of the Security Council should deal with an issue that is consistent with the Council's primary purpose: the maintenance of international peace and security. SUBMITTING RESOLUTIONS FOR DEBATE All delegations, whether member states or Official Observers, will be allowed to submit one resolution to one of the four principal committees. Security Council members, permanent or otherwise, must submit one resolution to the Security Council and may also submit one resolution to one of the committees. RESOLUTION APPROVAL COMMITTEE All resolutions submitted for debate will first be reviewed by the Resolution Approval Committee (RAC) to ensure that they meet the formatting requirements (see Formatting a Resolution ). Resolutions will also be screened for content and those that are deemed unsuitable for debate (i.e., too general, too brief, plagiarised, etc.) will be rejected. Pre-RAC screening for formatting only will also be available for resolutions submitted prior to mock debate. If a resolution is submitted for pre-rac, the submitting school will receive early feedback on any formatting errors present in its resolution and will have an opportunity to rectify them prior to RAC. We ask that all resolutions be electronically submitted as.pdf files. BRINGING RESOLUTIONS TO MOCK DEBATE Schools may also wish to bring the completed first drafts of their resolutions to the mock debate prior to conference. All schools wishing to do must provide their own hard copies for distribution at the mock debate, optimally 150 copies or more. 118

119 Ambassador's Section Resolution Pathway RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO A COMMITTEE 119

120 Ambassador's Section RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SECURITY COUNCIL 120

121 Ambassador's Section How to Write a Resolution RESEARCH Prior to writing your resolution, it is advisable to carry out some preliminary research on your delegation, focusing in particular on: basic background information (population, type of government, state of infrastructure) geography (location, neighbouring nations, land area, geographical features) economy (overall status, GNP, GDP, per capita income, major trading partners, natural resources) allies (formal alliances/associations, standing in major spheres of influence) policies on major issues (freedom of speech, nuclear weapons, environmental protection, minority rights) Keep in mind that your resolution does not necessarily have to focus on your country or region basic research will still go a long way, however, in allowing you to accurately represent your delegation throughout conference week. FOCUSING ON AN ISSUE As an intergovernmental organisation, the United Nations is primarily concerned with problems that are international in scope it is not a sort of massive charity that will donate funds to resolve the difficulties in any one country, especially if that country has the means of dealing with the issue on its own. Therefore, delegates are encouraged to write resolutions that address problems affecting multiple nations and not just their own. It is important, however, to not tackle issues that are too broad, such as world poverty remember, a resolution cannot exceed two pages! PREAMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE CLAUSES Each resolution is composed of two types of clauses: preambulatory and operative. The preambulatory clauses open every resolution and their primary purpose is to provide contextual details on the issue at hand. Preambulatory clauses may give information about: what caused the problem what, if anything, has been done in the past to resolve it (and why these efforts have been unsuccessful) who is affected by the problem why the problem is a matter worthy of the United Nations consideration what could potentially happen if the problem goes unaddressed Operative clauses form the second part of every resolution and outline the actual solution that will be implemented by the resolution. Generally, they cover: what will be done to solve the problem who will be involved in the process of solving the problem (the domestic government, NGOs) how much money is needed, where it will come from, and how it will be used 121

122 Ambassador's Section HELPFUL HINTS If the issue your resolution addresses is a large one that is prevalent in many countries, a pilot programme is a great idea to make your solution more plausible, both financially and politically. Essentially, a pilot programme is a trial run of your proposed solution on a small scale (often just in one country or area) to evaluate its efficacy in solving the problem prior to implementing it elsewhere. Every pilot programme should have both a timeframe for implementation and evaluation, as well as an outside expert or organisation that will assess the success of the programme. Any time you request funds from non-governmental organisations or donor nations, make sure you provide a breakdown of how it will be spent (double-check that it adds up!) as well as an outside watchdog agency that will ensure that the money is spent as it was meant to be. One of the characteristics of a good resolution is that it provides a solution that can be sustained by the domestic government not one that requires a constant flow of money from the United Nations. Try to incorporate the participation of the domestic government into your resolution so as to reduce or eliminate future dependance on the United Nations. Finally, in writing your resolution and in debate, remember that EAMUN is a simulation of a diplomatic forum and that you are here to represent your country s views and not your own thus, it is absolutely inappropriate to make insulting comments about your delegation or anyone else s. Formatting a Resolution A resolution should have 1-inch margins on all sides and be single spaced throughout. All text should be size 11 Times New Roman. HEADING In the top right corner: The advisor s name should be displayed first The ambassador s name should follow underneath The page number should be last In the top left corner: The name of the committee should be displayed first The number of the session should follow underneath The name of the sponsor should be last - Co-sponsors (that is, delegations who participated in writing the resolution) should also be listed in this area TITLE AND ADDRESS From the conference and onwards, resolutions will no longer begin with THE QUESTION OF" 122

123 Ambassador's Section Instead, resolutions will be identified by topic, a brief, two-line description of what the resolution seeks to accomplish, and to what end Unless a resolution of the Security Council, the resolution should be addressed to the General Assembly - The address should be italicised and followed by a comma - The address should not be indented - If the resolution is to debated in the Security Council, it should be addressed to the Security Council, following the same formatting guidelines as any other resolution PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES Preambulatory clauses should begin with appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be italicised Preambulatory clauses should not be numbered Preambulatory clauses cannot have sub-clauses A single-line space should separate each perambulatory clause. Each clause should be followed by a comma OPERATIVE CLAUSES Operative clauses should begin with the appropriate initiating phrases from the list below - Each initiating phrase should be underlined Operative clauses should be numbered - Sub-clauses should be labelled as shown in the sample resolution on the following page - Only two sub-levels will be accepted for any operative clause (that is, to sub-level i.) Each clause should be followed by a semi-colon - If an operative clause has sub-clauses, it should be followed by a colon instead A single-line space should separate each operative clause, as well as sub-clauses The last operative clause should end with a period - It is not necessary that the last operative clause be an invitation for further suggestions or additions to the resolution 123

124 Ambassador's Section Initiating Phrases Preambulatory Clauses Affirming Determined Having reviewed Alarmed Emphasizing Having studied Anxious Encouraged Keeping in mind Appreciating Endorsing Mindful Aware Expressing deep concern Noting further Bearing in mind Expressing its appreciation Noting with approval Believing Expressing its satisfaction Noting with grave concern Cognizant Fulfilling Noting with regret Concerned Fully alarmed Noting with satisfaction Confident Fully believing Observing Conscious Further depicting Reaffirming Considering Further recalling Realizing Contemplating Grieved Recognizing Convinced Guided by Referring Declaring Having adapted Reiterating Deeply concerned Having considered Seeking Deeply conscious Having decided Stressing Deeply convinced Having devoted attention Taking into account Deeply disturbed Having examined Taking into consideration Deeply regretting Having heard Viewing with appreciation Deploring Having received Welcoming Desiring Having regarded Wishing 124

125 Ambassador's Section Operative Clauses Accepts Draws attention Notes with regret Acknowledges Emphasizes Proclaims Adopts Endorses Reaffirms Affirms Expresses its appreciation Recognizes Appeals Expresses its conviction Recommends Applauds Expresses the hope Regrets Appreciates Expresses its regret Reminds Approves Expresses its sympathy Renews its appeal Authorizes Expresses its thanks Repeals Calls Further invites Requests Commends Further proclaims` Solemnly affirms Concurs Further recommends Stresses Condemns Further reminds Strongly condemns Confirms Further requests Suggests Congratulates Further resolves Supports Considers Has/Have resolved Takes note of Decides Instructs Transmits Declares Invites Trusts Demands Notes Urges Deplores Notes with approval Welcomes Designates Directs Notes with interest Notes with satisfaction A sample resolution can be found on the following two pages. 125

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