Guide to Federal Outreach & Advocacy

Transcription

1 Guide to Federal Outreach & Advocacy Created for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society by 2013 Edition

2 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 HFES Advocacy and Outreach... 4 Understanding Congress and the Policy Development Process... 6 Timing of Advocacy Communicating with Congress Resources Appendix

3 Introduction TheHumanFactorsandErgonomicsSociety(HFES)Guide&to&Federal&Outreach&&&Advocacywasprepared toencouragehfesmemberstoactivelyandeffectivelyparticipateinthepublicpolicyprocess.withthe helpofmembers,hfesadvocatesforissuesthatareimportanttohumanfactorsandergonomics (HF/E) includingtheconsiderationofhf/eintransportation,defense,andhealthinformation technologysystems,amongothers byinteractingwithcongress,federalagencies,andother nongovernmentalorganizationsthroughoutthescientific,engineering,andbehavioralsciences communities.thisguideisintendedtoassistinmemberadvocacyandoutreacheffortsandtoserveas aresourceforunderstandingtheprocesses,theplayers,andtheopportunitiesofthelegislativeand regulatoryprocesses. HFESlookstoitsmembervolunteerstohelpthesocietymakeprogressforHF/Ethroughoutreachand advocacytofederalpolicymakers.memberparticipationanddirectcontactwithcongressandfederal agencies,asconstituents,experts,researchers,practitioners,andacademics,isavitalcomponentof thateffort.bymakingthedecisiontoadvocate,youareeffectingchangeforthebettermentofhf/eon thenationallevel.membersofcongressandfederalofficialsreceivetheirmostvaluableandinfluential informationwhentheyhavetheopportunitytohearfrominformedandactiveconstituents.hfesand thehf/ecommunityaregratefulforyourtimeandefforts. Thesectionsthatfollowaremeanttoprovidefurtherinsightinto: HFES sadvocacyefforts Opportunitiesandresourcesformemberstoadvocate Congressandthelegislativeprocess Federalagenciesandtheregulatoryprocess Opportunitiesandmethodsforengaginginadvocacyactivities This&guide&was&produced&by&Lewis;Burke&Associates&LLC&on&behalf&of&the&Human&Factors&and&Ergnomics& Society&(HFES).&Lewis;Burke&is&a&leading&federal&government&relations&firm&in&Washington,&DC&that&assists& HFES&with&the&implementation&of&its&public&policy&goals,&which&includes&advocacy&for&human&factors&and& ergonomics&research&and&policy&with&congress&and&outreach&to&federal&agencies.&more&about&lewis; Burke&can&be&found&at& 3

4 HFES Advocacy and Outreach Inlate2012,HFESinitiatedanewinvestmentingovernmentrelationstoensurethattheinterestsofthe HF/Eresearchcommunityarerepresentedinfederalscienceandfundingdebates.Thisinvestment includesexternalgovernmentrelationssupportbylewisqburkeassociatesllc,afullqservice Washington,DCQbasedlobbyingandconsultingfirmspecializinginadvocacyforthepublicpolicy scientificorganizations.thisexternalservicecomplementsindividualeffortsofthebroaderscientific communityandcoalitionswhenactionisneededonsharedpriorities.thepurposeoftheoverall initiativeisto: Expandinteractionswiththefederalgovernmenttoadvocatefor,protecttheintegrityof,and providerationalandvaluablescientificevidenceforhumanfactorsandergonomicspublic policy; RaisetheprofileoftheHFESmembershipandmakethevalueofhumanfactorsandergonomics researchmorewidelyknown;and AllowHFESanditsmemberstobecomesoughtQafterexpertsbyfederalpolicymakers, governmentdecisionmakers,andfederalfundersofresearch. Why advocate for HF/E? TheHF/Eresearchcommunityhasimportantstoriestotellwithrealworldimpacts,andyou,asa constituentandexpertinthefield,candemonstratewhyyourworkandbroaderhf/eresearchis importanttoeverydaylife.additionally,hf/eisnotwellunderstoodoncapitolhill.giventhatmany MembersofCongressturnovereverytwoyearsandstaffchangefrequently,constanteducationabout HF/Eisnotonlyrecommended,it snecessary.federalagenciescouldimprovetheirunderstandingof HF/E,aswell.WhileHF/EisalreadywellQembeddedatsomefederalagencies,itisnotstandardpractice acrossthegovernment. Inchallengingpoliticalandeconomictimes,budgetconstraints,evenforissueslikesciencethat generallyhavebipartisansupport,everythingbecomesvulnerable.advocacymakessurethehf/e community svoiceisheardastoughfundingdecisionsaremade. How does HFES advocacy and outreach work? First,LewisQBurkeprovidesHFESwithinanongoingpresenceinWashington,DC.Thefirmrepresents HFESinmeetingswithpolicymakersandmakessuretheHF/Ecommunityhasaconstantpresencewith Congressandfederalagencies.Havingastrong,consistentvoiceinWashingtonallowsHFEStobeable torespondquicklywhenactionisneeded. Second,HFESandLewisQBurkeengagewithotherscientificorganizationsandparticipateincoalitions withlikemindedorganizationswheneverbroadsupportforsciencepolicyandfundingisneeded.we alsoengagewithourpartnerswhenaddedsupportforhfesprioritiesisneeded. Third,HFESadvocacydependsonitsmembers theexpertsinthefield toeducatemembersof Congress,federalofficials,andstaff.IndividualmemberparticipationenhancesHFES svisibilityonthe nationalstage,openingthedoorforregularcommunicationwithfederalpolicyanddecisionmakers. 4

5 Grassrootsby Members HFESPresence inwashington Supportof Partners ProgressforHF/E With whom does HFES engage in advocacy and outreach efforts? HFESengageswithMembersofCongressandtheirstaff,theWhiteHouse,federalagencyleadersand programofficers,thebroaderhf/ecommunity,likemindedscientificandresearchorganizations,and thepublic. What is the difference between advocacy and lobbying? Advocacyisdefinedasthepoliticalprocessbywhichanindividualorgroupseekstoinfluencepublic policy.advocacycantakemanyforms,includinginqpersonmeetings,letterwritingcampaigns,general education,etc.anyonecanadvocateforwhattheycareabout. LobbyingisaformofadvocacythatisstrictlyregulatedintheUnitedStates.TheLobbying&Disclosure&Act defines Lobbyist as:anyindividualwhoiseitheremployedorretainedbyaclientforfinancialorother compensation;whoseservicesincludemorethanonelobbyingcontact;andwhoselobbyingactivities constitute20percentormoreofhisorherservices timeonbehalfofthatclientduringanythreeq monthperiod.asanhfesmemberadvocatingfortheinterestsofthehf/ecommunityyouwillnever triggerthefederalrequirementsgoverningregisteredlobbyist. 5

6 Understanding Congress and the Policy Development Process Congressional Basics TheU.S.CongressisthebranchoftheFederalGovernmentthatisprimarilyresponsibleformakinglaws, overseeingfinances,anddeclaringwar.itiscomposedoftwochambers:thehouseofrepresentatives andthesenate.the113 th CongresstookofficeonJanuary3,2013,andwillserveuntilJanuary3,2015 whenthe114 th Congressconvenes. U.S. Senate TheSenatehas100members,withtwoSenatorsrepresentingeachstate.SenatorsservesixQyear staggeredtermswithoutdefinedtermlimits.thesenatehascertainpowersthehousedoesnothave, suchasapprovingtreatiesandconfirmingtheappointmentsofcabinetsecretariesandfederaljudges. TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatespresidesovertheSenatewiththePresidentprotempore,whois selectedbythechamberandperformsthevicepresident sdutiesinhisabsence.eachpartyis representedonthesenatefloorbythemajorityandminorityleaders.leadersarechosenbytheir respectivepartiesatthebeginningofeachnewcongress.theprimaryresponsibilitiesoftheleaders includemanagingtheirparty slegislativeagendaandkeepingmembersinformedonpendingissues. Theleadersareassistedbytheirparty swhip.ameetingofthepartymemberstodiscussvarious pressingissuesiscalledacaucus.caucusescanalsorefertoinformalgroupsofmemberswhosharea commonpolicyinterest,suchasthecongressionalgeneralaviationcaucusorthecongressional MedicalTechnologyCaucus. U.S. House of Representatives TheHouseofRepresentativeshas435MemberswhoservetwoQyeartermswithoutdefinedtermlimits. ThenumberofMembersfromeachstateisbasedonpopulationwitheverystateguaranteedatleast onerepresentative.additionally,aresidentcommissionerrepresentspuertoricoandservesafourq yearterm,andfivenonqvotingdelegatesrepresentamericansamoa,thedistrictofcolumbia,guam, PuertoRico,theNorthernMarianaIslands,andtheU.S.VirginIslands.TheHousehascertainpowers thesenatedoesnothave,suchastheabilitytochoosethepresidentintheeventofanelectoraltie. Also,theHouseintroducesallbillspertainingtofinancialmeasures,suchastaxationandgovernment spending. TheSpeakeroftheHousepresidesoverthechamber,buthe/shecanchooseanyRepresentativeto performhis/herdutiesinhisabsence.thestructureofpartyleadershipisessentiallythesameasinthe Senate,aseachpartyisprimarilyrepresentedbythemajorityorminorityleaders,whoarechosenby membersoftheparty.alsolikethesenate,leadersareassistedbypartywhipsandholdcaucusesto discussmattersofcommoninterestorconcern. For further information on congressional history, individual members, and committees, please visit 6

7 Congressional Committees Congressionalcommitteesdevelop,debate,andapprovelegislationpriortovoteonfinalpassage.Most Membersserveonmultiplecommitteesandsubcommittees. HousecommitteesthathavejurisdictionoverpolicyareasrelevanttoHFESinclude: Appropriations:TheCommitteeonAppropriationsisresponsibleforpassinglegislationeach yearthatallocatesfederalfundingtogovernmentagencies,departments,andprograms. EnergyandCommerce:TheCommitteeonEnergyandCommerceistheauthorizingand oversightcommitteeforthedepartmentofhealthandhumanservices(hhs),thedepartment oftransportation(dot),andthefoodanddrugadministration(fda),amongotheragencies. ArmedServices:TheCommitteeonArmedServiceshasjurisdictionovertheDepartmentof Defense(DOD);defensepolicy,includingdefensebasic,applied,andadvancedresearch; acquisition;andindustrialbasepolicy. Science,Space,andTechnology:TheCommitteeonScience,Space,andTechnologyhas jurisdictionoverresearchanddevelopmentfortopicareasinenergy,astronautics,andcivil aviation,aswellasscienceandtechnologypolicybroadly. TransportationandInfrastructure:TheCommitteeonTransportationandInfrastructurehas jurisdictionoverallmodesoftransportationandnationalinfrastructure,andoverseesdotand thefederalaviationadministration(faa). SenatecommitteesthathavejurisdictionoverpolicyareasrelevanttoHFESinclude: Appropriations:TheCommitteeonAppropriationsisresponsibleforpassinglegislationeach yearthatallocatesfederalfundingtogovernmentagencies,departments,andprograms. Health,Education,Labor,andPensions(HELP):TheHELPCommitteeoverseesHHS,including FDAandtheAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality(AHRQ),theDepartmentofLabor,and thedepartmentofeducation. ArmedServices:TheCommitteeonArmedServiceshasjurisdictionovercommondefenseand militaryresearchanddevelopment,aswellasoverseesdodandeachbranchofthemilitary. Commerce,Science,andTransportation:TheSenateCommitteeonCommerce,Science,and Transportationhasjurisdictionoverscience,engineering,andtechnologyresearchand developmentandpolicy,aswellasoverseesdot,faa,thenationalsciencefoundation,the NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,andtheDepartmentofCommerce. EnvironmentandPublicWorks:TheSenateCommitteeonEnvironmentandPublicWorkshas jurisdictionoverconstructionandmaintenanceofhighways;environmentalresearchand development;floodcontrolandimprovementsofriversandharbors;publicworks,bridges,and dams;andregionaleconomicdevelopment,amongothers. Thespecificjurisdictionsofeachofthesecommitteesaredescribedinthefollowingpages. 7

8 House Committees House Committee on Appropriations Website: TheHouseCommitteeonAppropriationsisresponsibleforpassinglegislationeachyearthatallocates federalfundingtogovernmentagencies,departments,andprograms.eachofthe12subcommitteesis responsibleforcraftingthebillforwhichithasjurisdiction.thesesubcommitteesreviewthepresident's annualbudgetrequest,heartestimonyfromgovernmentofficialsandpublicwitnesses,anddraftthe spendingplansforthecomingfiscalyear.thecommitteeisalsoresponsibleforsupplementalspending bills,whicharesometimesneededinthemiddleofafiscalyeartocompensateforemergencyexpenses, suchasnaturaldisasters. ThesubcommitteesthatfundfederalprogramsofinteresttoHFESare: Commerce,Justice,andScience Defense Labor,HealthandHumanServices,andEducation TransportationandHousingandUrbanDevelopment House Committee on Energy and Commerce Website: TheHouseCommitteeonEnergyandCommercehasjurisdictionoverhealthandhealthfacilities(except healthcaresupportedbypayrolldeductions),biomedicalresearchanddevelopment, telecommunications,consumerprotection,foodanddrugsafety,energypolicy,andinterstateand foreigntrade.specifically,thiscommitteeoverseesthedepartmentsofhealthandhumanservices, Energy,Commerce,andTransportation,aswellastheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,theFederal TradeCommission,theFoodandDrugAdministration,andtheFederalCommunicationsCommission. Thisisanauthorizingcommittee. Thesixsubcommitteesinclude: Commerce,Manufacturing,andTrade CommunicationsandTechnology EnergyandPower EnvironmentandtheEconomy Health OversightandInvestigations House Committee on Armed Services Website: TheHouseCommitteeonArmedServiceshasjurisdictionovertheDepartmentofDefense;defense policy,includingdefensebasic,applied,andadvancedresearch;acquisition;andindustrialbasepolicy. Itisanauthorizingcommitteethatalsohasjurisdictionovereachbranchofthemilitaryandthe DepartmentofEnergynonproliferationprograms. TheCommitteeonArmedServicessubcommitteesinclude: 8

9 TacticalAirandLandForces MilitaryPersonnel OversightandInvestigations Readiness SeaPowerandProjectionForces StrategicForces Intelligence,EmergingThreats,andCapabilities House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Website: TheHouseCommitteeonScience,Space,andTechnologyhasjurisdictionovertheNationalAeronautics andspaceadministration,thenationalsciencefoundation,thenationalinstituteofstandardsand Technology,andtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Policyareasinclude:scientific researchanddevelopmentincludingenergy,astronautics,andcivilaviation;standardizationofweights andmeasuresandthemetricsystem;marineresearch;andcommercializationofenergytechnology. Thisisanauthorizingcommittee. TheCommitteeonScience,Space,andTechnologyhassixsubcommittees: Energy Oversight Research Space Technology Environment TheSubcommitteesonResearch,Space,andTechnologyareofparticularrelevancetoHFESandHF/E research. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Website: TheHouseCommitteeonTransportationandInfrastructureoverseestheDepartmentofTransportation, thefederalaviationadministration,theu.s.coastguard,amtrak,theenvironmentalprotection Agency,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,theGeneralServicesAdministration,andthe ArmyCorpsofEngineers.TheCommitteehasjurisdictionoverallmodesoftransportationincluding aviation,masstransit,andrailroads,aswellasnationalinfrastructure,including:waterandwaste management,flooddamagereduction,anddisasterpreparednessandresponse.thisisanauthorizing committee. Thesixsubcommitteesinclude: Aviation CoastGuardandMaritimeTransportation EconomicDevelopment,PublicBuildings,andEmergencyManagement HighwaysandTransit Railroads,Pipelines,andHazardousMaterials WaterResourcesandEnvironment 9

10 Senate Committees Senate Committee on Appropriations Website: TheSenateCommitteeonAppropriationsisresponsibleforpassinglegislationeachyearthatallocates federalfundingtogovernmentagencies,departments,andprograms.anothertaskofthecommitteeis todraftsupplementalspendingbills,whicharesometimesnecessaryduringthemiddleofthefiscalyear toaddressthecostsforemergencyexpenses,suchasnaturaldisasters. TheCommitteeincludes12subcommitteesthatoperateunderseparatejurisdictions.Each subcommitteeisresponsibleforcraftinglegislationthatwilldistributefundstothegovernment agencies,departments,andprogramswithintheirjurisdictions.additionalresponsibilitiesofeach subcommitteeincludereviewingbudgetrequestsmadebythepresident,holdinghearingsinwhich governmentofficialsandpublicwitnessestestify,anddraftingtheexpenditureplansforthenextfiscal year. ThesubcommitteesthatfundfederalprogramsofinteresttoHFESinclude: Commerce,Justice,andScience Defense Labor,HealthandHumanServices,andEducation Transportation,Housing,andUrbanDevelopment Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Website: TheSenateHELPCommitteehasbroadjurisdiction,includingaging,agriculturalcolleges,artsand humanities,biomedicalresearchanddevelopment,childlabor,education,health,individualswith disabilities,labor,laborstandardsandlaborstatistics,mediationandarbitrationoflabordisputes, occupationalsafetyandhealth,privatepensionplans,publichealth,publicwelfare,studentloans,and wagesandhoursoflabor,amongotherissues.thecommitteeoverseesthedepartmentofhealthand HumanServices,includingtheFoodandDrugAdministrationandtheAgencyforHealthcareResearch andquality,andthedepartmentsofeducationandlabor.thisisanauthorizingcommittee. Thethreesubcommitteesinclude: ChildrenandFamilies EmploymentandWorkplaceSafety PrimaryHealthandAging. Senate Committee on Armed Services Website: TheSenateCommitteeonArmedServiceshasjurisdictionovermilitaryresearchanddevelopment, commondefensepolicy,strategicandcriticalmaterialsforcommondefense,andaeronauticaland spaceactivitiesassociatedwithweaponssystemsandmilitaryoperations,amongothers.the CommitteeoverseestheDepartmentoftheDefense,theDepartmentoftheArmy,theDepartmentof thenavy,andthedepartmentoftheairforce.thisisanauthorizingcommittee. 10

11 Thesixsubcommitteesinclude: Airland EmergingThreatsandCapabilities Personnel ReadinessandManagementSupport Seapower StrategicForces Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Website: TheSenateCommitteeonCommerce,Science,andTransportationhasjurisdictionoverscience, engineering,andtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentandpolicy,aswellasavarietyofissues includingcommunications,highways,aviation,rail,shipping,transportationsecurity,thecoastguard, disasters,space,productsafety,andcompetitiveness,amongothers.thecommitteeoverseesthe DepartmentsofTransportationandCommerce,aswellastheFederalAviationAdministration,the NationalScienceFoundation,andtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,amongother agencies.thisisanauthorizingcommittee. Thesevensubcommitteesinclude: AviationOperations,Safety,andSecurity Communications,Technology,andtheInternet Competitiveness,Innovation,andExportPromotion ConsumerProtection,ProductSafety,andInsurance Oceans,Atmosphere,Fisheries,andCoastGuard ScienceandSpace SurfaceTransportationandMerchantMarineInfrastructure,Safety,andSecurity Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Website: TheSenateCommitteeonEnvironmentandPublicWorkshasjurisdictionoverconstructionand maintenanceofhighways;environmentalresearchanddevelopment;floodcontrolandimprovements ofriversandharbors;publicworks,bridges,anddams;andregionaleconomicdevelopment,among others.thecommitteeoverseestheenvironmentalprotectionagencyandthedepartmentof Transportation,amongothers.Thisisanauthorizingcommittee. Thesixsubcommitteesinclude: CleanAirandNuclearSafety GreenJobsandtheNewEconomy Oversight Superfund,Toxics,andEnvironmentalHealth TransportationandInfrastructure WaterandWildlife 11

12 12 Legislative Process Asanadvocate,itisimportanttohaveageneralunderstandingofthelegislativeprocesstodetermine thebesttimetoengagewithpolicymakers.however,itisnotnecessarytobeanexpertoncongress andthelegislativeprocessinordertointeractwithyourelectedofficials. WhenaMemberofCongressintroducesabilloneithertheHouseorSenatefloor,theybecomethat bill ssponsor.afterabillisintroduced,itisassignedanumberbeginningwith H.R. ifitoriginatedin thehouse(e.g.h.r.1106)or S. ifitwasintroducedinthesenate(e.g.s.584).thebillisthenprinted andreferredtoanappropriatecommitteebythespeakerofthehouse,thepresidingofficerinthe Senate,orbytheHouseorSenateparliamentarian. Thecommitteestudiesthebill,conductshearingswithexperttestimony,makesnecessarychanges,and discussesitschancestopass.eachcommitteehasjurisdictionoveraparticularsubject,suchas AgricultureorForeignAffairs.Thebillcanbeanalyzedbythecommitteeasawholeorreferredtoa subcommittee,whichspecificallyfocusesonasubsetofareasunderthecommittee spurview.the committeeorsubcommitteemayholdhearingsandcalluponindividualsandorganizationswitha stronginterestorexpertiseinthepolicyareaunderreview.witnessessharetestimonieswiththe MembersofCongresssupportingoropposingtheproposedlegislation.Abillcandieifthecommittee eitherfailstoactorvotesagainstrecommendingittothehouseorsenatefloors. Ifabillmakesitoutofcommittee,itcangotothefloorwhereitcanbedebated,amended,andvoted on.sometimesbillsdon tmakeittothefloor.thedecisionastoiforwhenabillreachestheflooris determinedbythespeakerandthemajorityleaderinthehouseandthemajorityleaderinthesenate. IntheHouse,thereareveryspecificrulesthatdeterminetheconditionsandamountoftimeallocated forgeneraldebate,andamendmentsmustberelevanttothebill.thesenatedoesnothaverules limitingdebate.thelackofrestrictionscanleadtoafilibuster,inwhichabillispurposefullystalled throughmeasuressuchasunnecessarydebate.thesenatecanendafilibusterbyinvoking cloture, whichrequiresatwoqthirdsvotetoenact.also,thesenatedoesnothaveanyrulesregulatingthe relevanceofproposedamendments.sometimesbillsarepassedasamendmentstocompletely unrelatedbills. TopassintheHouse,thebillneedsasimplemajorityor218votes,andintheSenate,thebillneeds51 votestopasswiththevicepresidentcastingthedecidingvoteintheeventofa50q50tie.ifthebill passes,itisthenreferredtotheotherchambertobevotedon.ifeitherchamberdoesnotpassthebill, itdies,andifbothchamberspassthesamelegislation,itgoestothepresident.usually,thehouseand SenatepassdifferentversionsofthesamelegislationanditisreferredtotheConferenceCommittee, whichistypicallycomposedoftheseniormembersofthecommitteesineitherchamberthatoriginally consideredthelegislation.theconferencecommitteeworkstoresolveanydifferenceswitheach chamber sversionofthelegislationandgeneratesasingle,compromisedbillthatisreferredbackto eachhouseforapproval. Ifthebillpassesbothchambers,itissenttothePresidentwhohasthreeoptions:(1)hecansignthebill, turningitintoalaw;(2)hecouldvetothebillandsenditbacktocongresswithanoteofhisreasons (thechamberwherethebilloriginatedcanoverridethevetowithatwoqthirdsvote.ifitisoverriddenin bothchambers,itbecomesalaw);or(3)hecouldnotsignitandifcongressisinsession,thebill becomesalawaftertendays;ifcongressadjournsbeforetendayshasexpiredandthepresidentstill hasn tsignedthebill,itisa pocketveto andthebillisdead.

13 How a Member of Congress Decides How to Vote MembersofCongressareinfluencedbytheirpersonalopinionsandbackgrounds,staff,constituents, colleagues,interestgroups,thepresidentandtheexecutivebranch,partyleadership,andthemedia. Decidinghowtovoterequiresapersonalandapoliticalcalculation.MembersofCongressmustweigh theissueandbillwiththeanticipatedconsequenceofthevote. ManyMembersofCongressconsiderconstituents opinionsthestrongestinfluenceindecidinghowto vote.astheirelectorate,constituentsdeterminethepoliticalfutureofeachcandidate,andahighly publicizedvoteagainstthemajoritycanswaytheelectoratetoanewcandidatecomeelectionseason. AsanexpertintheHF/Ecommunityandaconstituent,yourvoiceisespeciallypowerful.Byengagingin advocacyandmeetingwithyourmemberofcongressorstaff,youhavetheopportunitytoeducateand inform,influencinghowamembermayvote.additionally,whenadvocatingforabroadtopicorspecific pieceoflegislation,considerallofyouraudiences.whilemorelikelyyouwillmeetwithstaffthanthe Member,rememberstaffarepositionedtoadviseandinformtheirbossesdirectly.Speakasifyouare communicatingwiththememberdirectly.similarly,whenmeetingwithonememberofcongressor officestaff,considertheimpacttheymighthaveontheircolleagues.membersandstaffregularly communicatetoshareinformationinformally,aswellasformallythroughcommittees,caucuses,and delegations. Implementing Legislation at Federal Agencies AbillpassedbyCongressandenactedintolawprovidesanoutlineorframeworkforimplementation.It isuptotheappropriateexecutivebranchagency,whichiseitherspecifiedbycongressthroughthelaw ordelegatedbythepresident,tointerpreteachlawanddevelopandimplementregulationssupporting thelaw sintent.regulationsexplainhowlawswillbeapplied,andtheyensureuniformapplicationsof lawsandguiderespectiveagencies activities,functions,andoperations. Whenanagencyreceivesalawtoimplement,itmustfollowanopenpublicprocesstoissuethe regulation.generallytheagencyformulatesproposedregulationsbygatheringinformationinformally throughconversationswithinterestedorganizationsandindividualexperts.proposedrulesarethen publicizedandopeneduptoruleqmakingproceedings.ruleqmakingproceedingsallowthepublic, experts,andotherinterestedpartiestotestifyatpublichearingsandsubmitcommentsonthe proposalsinastructured,formalsetting.commentperiodsusuallylastbetween30and60days,but canbeextended. Followingtheopenprocess,theagencythencraftsthefinalrulebasedonthecommentsandtestimony, ruleqmakingrecord,scientificdata,expertopinions,andfactsgatheredthroughoutthepreqruleand proposedrulestages.theagencymustdemonstratethefinalrulewillsolvetheidentifiedproblemor accomplishthespecificgoal,aswellascomparethefinalruletoalternativesintermsofcostandbenefit effectiveness.thepresidentalsohastheopportunitytoreviewtherulepriortoitsimplementationand integrationintothecodeoffederalregulations. 13

14 Timing of Advocacy Activities Advocacyactivitiescantargetaspecificpieceoflegislationorregulationormoregenerallybeusedto educatepolicymakersonagiventopic.despitewhatyouareadvocatingfor,itisimportanttoconsider whatmightbethebesttimetoengage.forexample,someeventsincongressarecyclical,suchasthe annualappropriationsprocess,whichstartswiththepresidentsubmittinghisbudgetrequestforall federalprogramsandagenciestocongressinearlyfebruary.thepresident sbudgetrequestoutlines hisagendafortheupcomingfiscalyearandinitiatesthecongressionalappropriationsprocess.the HouseandSenateCommitteesonAppropriations respectivesubcommitteesdebatetheproposedbills introducedineachchamber.appropriationshearingsusuallybegininmarchorcloselyfollowingthe releaseofthepresident sbudgetrequest,andeachcommitteeseekstopasstheirappropriationsbills beforetheannualaugustrecess;however,recentlyvoteshaveoccurredinthefall.hfesmembersare encouragedtoparticipateintheappropriationsadvocacyprocessatboththecongressionaland ExecutiveBranchlevelstoensureHF/Eisincludedinthebudgetrequestandappropriationsbills. ExecutiveagenciesparticipateindraftingthePresident srequest.byreachingouttoprogramofficers andbudgetstaff,thehf/ecommunitycanencouragetheinclusionofhf/eattheprogramandagency levels. Advocacyactivitiesaremosteffectiveiftheyaretimedtocoincidewithindividualofficedeliberationor committeeconsiderationofbills.itisimportanttoparticipateinthedeliberationprocessbecause advocacyeffortstooearlyon,especiallywrittencorrespondence,maybeforgottenorlacksignificant impact. ThepurposeofHFES sinvestmentinadvocacyistoinformthehf/ecommunityonhowandwhento act,especiallywhenrelevantlegislationssurfacesunexpectedlyoractionoccursquickly.hfesdoesits besttospreadthewordtomembershiptoshareactionalerts,deadlines,submissioninstructions,and opportunitiestoparticipateintheadvocacyprocess. Example of Opportunities to Influence AnnualAppropriationsProcess 14

15 Communicating with Congress Therearemanydifferentwaystoadvocate,includingbynotlimitedto: In;person&meetings&in&Washington,&DC&or&in&your&district& Letters,& s&and&phone&calls Thesearemostusefulwhenimmediateactionisneededona pieceoflegislation Written&or∈person&testimony&as&part&of&a&Congressional&hearing Thisisamethodofadvocacy usedtogetonrecordregardingaspecifictopicand/ortoserveasanexpertresourcetoinform apolicy Inthissectionweexplainthebasicsofcommunicatingwithelectedofficialsthroughavarietyof differentmeansandalsodescribehowtocraftmessagesthatwillresonatewithyouraudience. Identifying your Member of Congress BeforeengaginginadvocacyyouwillhavetoidentifywhoareyourHouseRepresentativeandSenators. Thiseasilyaccomplishedbygoingonlinetowww.house.govtofindyourHouseRepresentativeand MembersofCongressbyname,state,orzipcode.ThesearchwillgeneratealinktotheMember s websitewhereyouwillfindevenmoreinformationtohelpinformyouradvocacyactivities. WhenidentifyingyourHouseRepresentativeyoucansearchaccordingtoyourhomeand/orwork addresses,assometimesyourhomeandworkplacemayberepresentedbydifferenthousemembers. YoucanpotentiallyreachmoreHousemembersthisway;don tfeelasthoughyouarelimitedto engagingwithonlytherepresentativewhorepresentsyourhometown. Crafting a Message OnceyouhaveidentifiedtheRepresentativesandSenatorswithwhomyouwouldliketoengage,the nextstepisdevelopingamessagethatwillresonatewiththem.firstconsiderwhyyouarelookingto engage:areyourespondingtoahfescalltoaction?areyousupportingoropposingspecific legislation?orareyouadvocatingforaspecificprogramorfundinglevel? Regardlessofyourreasonformeeting,yourmessageshouldalsoincludean ask ofsomekind,which canbeasspecificasurgingsupportforabillorfundingforaprogram,orassimpleasaskingtheoffice toutilizeyourexpertiseasaresourceinthefuture. Yourmessageshouldalsohighlightthebroaderimpactsofyourresearchbydescribinghowyourworkis relatedtorealproblems.relatethemessagetothemember sdistrictorstatewhenpossibleandtryto articulatewhatwouldbelostiftheworkofthehf/ecommunitydidnotexist. Themosteffectivemessagesaresuccinctandontopic.Youshouldstaywithinyourownexpertise,but trytoavoidtechnicaljargonoracronyms.italsohelpstoanticipatequestionsandhaveconciseanswers ready. 15

16 Considerthedifferencesbetweenwritingascientificpaperandcraftingaconciseadvocacymessage: Structure of a Scientific Paper Structure of your Message Asillustratedabove,theinformationofinteresttoapolicymakertendstobethemostnewsworthy(i.e. whatisthetakeqaway,orwhyshouldicare?).whiletheycareabouttheevidencetobackitup,asan experttheytendtotrustthatwhatyouaretellingthemisbackedupbyevidence.instead,theycare mostaboutwhattheinformationmeansforthemandtheirconstituents;boilitdown. ForfurtherassistancewithcraftingamessagethatarticulatesthevalueofHF/EandtheroleofHFES, seethedocumentintheappendixcalled,introduction&to&the&human&factors&and&ergonomics&society& (HFES)&and&the&field&of&Human&Factors&and&Ergonomics&(HF/E).Thisdocumentprovidesalayman s explanationofthefieldandhighlightsanumberofsuccessstoriesillustratingtheimportanceofhf/e. In-Person Meetings with Members of Congress and Staff Onceyouhaveidentifiedyourelectedofficials,therearesomebasicstepstofollowforsecuringand participatinginaninqpersonmeeting,eitherinwashingtonorinyourhomedistrict.therearegenerally twodifferentperiodsinthecongressionalcalendar:dayswhencongressisinsessionandtherefore consideringlegislation,holdinghearings,andtakingvotes;andrecessperiodswhenmembersof Congressarebackhomeintheirdistrictsengagingwithconstituents.Advocacycanoccurduringboth periods.yourmessageandmeetinggoalswilldeterminethebestoption.forexample,ifyouwantto meetwithyourcongressmantotalkaboutfundingforaspecificprogramatthedepartmentofdefense inthefy2014appropriationsbills,aninqpersonmeetinginwashingtonwouldlikelybemosteffective. IfyouaremoreinterestedindiscussingalocalissueoreducatingthemaboutHF/E,youcanaccomplish thatduringameetinginyourlocaldistrict.educationalmeetingscanalsooccurinwashington,butitis notalwaysnecessarytomakethetripforthatpurpose. Requesting a Meeting OnceyouhaveidentifiedwhetheryouwouldliketoscheduleameetinginWashingtonorinyourhome district,thenextstepistocalltheofficephonenumber(whichyoucanfindontheoffice swebsite)and stateyouareaconstituentinterestedinschedulingameeting. 16

17 IfyouareplanningameetinginWashington,asktomeetwiththestaffpersonwhohandles scientificissues. Ifyouareplanningameetinginadistrictoffice,requesttomeetwiththeCongresspersonorthe districtdirector. Manystaffmembersinthedistrictofficeshandleconstituentcaseworkandworkonissuesspecificto thedistrict;whereas,staffinwashingtonhandlebroaderlegislativeissuesandnationalpolicy.ifthe Congresspersonisunavailabletomeet,staffmeetingsareappropriateandbeneficialasstaffare knowledgeableabouttheissuesandthemembers positions.torequestameeting,askforthe appropriatestaffer s addresstofollowupwithan meetingrequestorgoaheadandrequest themeetingoverthephone. Whenrequestingthemeeting,eitherby orphone,besuretoincludethefollowinginformation: Whoyouareandyouraffiliation.AlsostatethatyouareamemberoftheHumanFactorsand ErgonomicsSociety. Explainwhyyouwouldliketomeet(e.g.totalkaboutHFESandtheimportanceofHF/E researchtothelocaleconomy). Clearlystateyouravailabilityorpreferredtimetomeet;providemultipledaysandtimesif possible. Includeyourcontactinformationforfollowup. Seethefigurebelowforasample meetingrequest. 17

18 Preparing for the Meeting Whileyoudon tneedtobeanexpertonthememberofcongresswithwhomyouaremeetingortheir staff,youshouldfamiliarizeyourselfwithsomebasicinformation,suchastheirbackground,current events,whatcommitteestheyserveon,anynotablelegislationtheyhaveintroducedorsupported,how theyhavevotedonissuesyoucareabout,andwhethertheyleadorserveonanycaucusesofinterest. Members websitesincludetheirbiographies,committeeassignments,pressreleases,backgroundon themember shomestateordistrict,andareasofinterest. WebsitesalsoprovidecontactinformationfortheWashington,DCandstateordistrictoffices,aswellas constituentresources,suchasinformationonvisitingwashington,dc;andotherconstituentresources. Youwillalsowanttocraftyourconcisemessagebeforegettingtoyourmeeting.Usetheprocess discussedabovetoorganizeyourthoughtsandprepareamessagetouseinyourmeeting. Conducting the Congressional Meeting Meetingsaregenerallybrief,rangingfromfiveto20minuteswithMembersofCongress,especiallyin Washington,DC.Ifyouaremeetingwithstaff,planonameetingasshortas15minutesoraslongasan hour,butdon tassumeyouwillhaveafullhour.itwillbeimportanttosticktoyourmessageand articulateyouraskearly,asyouneverknowwhenthemeetingwillendabruptly. Atypicalconstituentmeetingcangoasfollows: 1. ThankthestafferorMemberfortakingthetimetomeetwithyou. 2. Introduceyourself,exchangebusinesscards,andprovideanymaterialsyoubroughtforthe meeting,suchasaonepageraboutyourresearch. 3. Describeyouraffiliation,itsmission,yourrole,andwhyyouaremeetingwiththemtoday.For example,youcansay, IamheretodaybecauseIamveryconcernedaboutfederalsupportfor scientificresearch.letmetellyouhowhumanfactorsandergonomicsresearchhashelped addressmajorsocietalchallenges. 4. Stateyour ask. Forexample, WeneedyoursupportforsustainedresearchfundinginFY Atthispoint,theMemberorstaffmayaskyouquestions.Ifnot,offertoansweranyquestions theymayhaveandoffertokeepintouch. 6. Endyourmeetingthewayyoustartedit bysayingthankyou. DOs DObecourteoustoeveryone. DObeonkme. DObeagoodlistener. DOofferspecificswhendiscussing legislakon(e.g. support[specificbill name] ). DOoffertoprovidefurther informakonaperthemeekng. DON'Ts DON Tprolongthemeekngifitwould seemforcedtodoso. DON Tbesurprisedordiscouragedif thestaffersyoumeetappearyoung. DON Tbesurprisedifyouarekept waikngwhenyouarrive. DON Tbesurprisedifyoumeetina hallwayorothermulkpurposespace. DON Tusetechnicaljargon. DON TbringgipsfortheMemberor staff. 18

19 Following Up Ongoingandregularcommunicationwithyourelectedofficialsisapreferredoutcomeofameeting. Immediatelyfollowingyourmeeting,besuretosendathankyou andincludeinitanyfollowup informationyoupromised.yourthankyounotecanalsoincludeaninvitationforthememberorthe staffertovisityourinstitutionorlabtoseeyourworkfirsthand.thiswillhelpthemgainabetter appreciationforhf/eandtheusefulnessoffederalfundingforresearchanddevelopment. Findwaystokeepintouch.IftheMemberorstafferexpressedinterestinlearningoffuture developmentsinyourwork,forwardthemapressreleaseorapositivenewsstoryonarecentscientific findingorbreakthrough.findawaytokeeptheminterestedinhf/e. Finally,reportbacktoHFESwithanyfeedbackfromyourmeeting.LewisQBurkeisheretoassistwith followupandwouldbehappytomeetwithanyofficeyoufoundtobeparticularlyhelpfulorinterested inlearningmoreabouthfes sactivities. Success Can Take Many Forms Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccesscantakemanyforms.Noteverymeetingwillbeahomerun. SometimesjusthavingtheopportunitytoteachanofficeaboutHF/Eisawin. Examplesofsuccessfulmeetingsinclude,butarenotlimitedtothefollowing: Astaffermaytakethemeeting,listentoyourmessage,andthankyouforcoming. Anotherstaffermaybeslightlymoreengaged theymaylistentoyourmessage,butnot committotakinganyactiononyour ask. Anotherstaffermaylistentoyourmessage,askquestions,andrequestadditionalinformation sothattheycanmakeaninformeddecision. Andthebestcasescenariowouldbeifthestafferlistenstoyourmessage,saystheywilltake actiononyour ask, andrequeststostayintouchonaregularbasis.don tbediscouragedif yourmeetingsdon tgolikethis.advocacyisalongterm,consistenteffort. Writing a Letter or an Correspondencebymailand arepopularoptionsforcommunicatingwithMembersofCongress. Eachdaycongressionalofficesreceivehundredsoflettersand s. ispreferredoverregular postalmailasmailmustbescreenedatanoffqsitelocation,delayingitsarrivaltocapitolhillbymore thanaweek. Whenwritingtoyourelectedofficials,usethesametoolsasthoseusedtocraftyourmessagefora meeting.messagesshouldbewrittenclearlyandconcisely;statewhythisissueisofimportanceand howyouwouldlikethememberofcongresstoact.alsoincludesomeofyourpersonalbackgroundas anexpertinthefieldandanypertinentinformationaboutyourorganizationandhfes.specifywhether youwouldlikereturncorrespondenceandprovidetheappropriatecontactinformation. Keepinmindconstituentlettersand saremosteffectivewhensenttocoincidewithavote, hearing,orotherevent.messagesthataredirect,informative,basedinfact,andrelatetothe Member sdistrictorstatearemosteffective.memberwebsitesinclud ingand information. 19

20 Making a Telephone Call Whenpreparingtomakeatelephonecall,craftyourmessageclearlyandconcisely.Similartoameeting andaletter,yourmessageshouldincludean ask andexplainwhyitisimportanttoyouasa constituentandmemberofthehf/ecommunity.thedifferenceofaphonecallisthatyouhaveless timetomakeyourcasethanifyouweremeetinginpersonorwritingaletter.itisalwayshelpfulto writeoutashortscriptofwhatyouwouldliketosay.keepitbrief. Whencalling,youmayasktospeakwiththeRepresentativeorSenatordirectly,thoughyouwilllikelybe passedofftoastaffmember.therefore,youmaychoosetobeconnectedwiththestaffmemberwho handlesscientificissues.iftheyarenotavailable,youwillaskedifyouwouldliketoleaveamessage. Staffmembersansweringthephonesgenerallycoveravarietyofissues;sobepreparedwithaclear message,ask,andfacts.youcanalsoasktoleaveamessageontheappropriatestaffvoic orleave amessageandrequestareturncall.bepreparedtoprovideyouraddressandtelephonenumber. InadditiontousingtheHouseandSenatewebsitestoobtainyourSenators andrepresentative soffice phonenumbers,youcancalltheu.s.capitolswitchboardat(202)224q3121andprovideyour legislator snameandrequesttobeconnectedwiththeoffice. 20

21 21 Resources Web Resources CapitolHearings:TheCapitol&Hearingswebsite provideslinkstocommitteepages,aschedule ofhearings,andsearchtoolstofindwebcasts andtestimonyfrompasthearings. CongressionalBiographicalDirectory:The Congressional&Biographical&Directoryprovides biographicalinformation,aswellasa photographofeachmemberofcongresswhen searchedbyname,partyaffiliation,position, state,andyearsservedincongress. ch.asp CongressionalBudgetOffice(CBO):The CongressionalBudgetOffice(CBO)produces independent,nonpartisanbudgetaryand economicanalysestoassistinthecongressional budgetprocess. GovernmentAccountabilityOffice(GAO):The GovernmentAccountabilityOfficeisa nonpartisanagencyforcongresstomonitor howthefederalgovernmentspendstaxpayer dollars. GovernmentPrintingOffice(GPO):The GovernmentPrintingOffice(GPO)allowsthe publictosearchforbills,publiclaws,committee reports,thecongressionalrecord,presidential materials,federalregulations,andjudicial resources. THOMAS:THOMASisresourceoftheLibraryof Congresstosearchlegislationandthestatusof billsintroducedinthehouseandsenate,as wellascommitteereportsandthe CongressionalRecord. U.S.HouseCommittees:ThemainU.S.House Committeeswebsiteprovideslinkstoeach committeepage. U.S.SenateCommittees:ThemainU.S.Senate Committeeswebsiteprovideslinkstoeach committeepage,aswellasoffersresourcesto searchhearingtestimonyandschedules. s/d_three_sections_with_teasers/committees_ home.htm TheWhiteHouse:TheWhiteHousewebsite providesinformationontheexecutivebranch agenda,recentevents,laws,andinitiatives.

22 Federal Agencies of Interest to HFES [This&is&not&an&exhaustive&list] AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention DepartmentofCommerce DepartmentofDefense DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices DepartmentofLabor DepartmentofTransportation FederalAviationAdministration FoodandDrugAdministration NationalAeronauticsandSpace Administration NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyand Health NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology NationalScienceFoundation OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration 22

23 23 Glossary of Terms Amendment Amotionofferedtochangethetextofabillor ofanotheramendment.therearethreetypes ofamendments:motionstostrike,toinsert,or tostrikeandinsert.amendmentstothebillare termed firstdegree, whereasamendmentsto anamendmentare seconddegree. AppropriationsBill Providesthelegalauthorityneededtospendor obligateu.s.treasuryfunds.twelveannual appropriationsbillsfundtheentirefederal government.these12billsmustbeenacted priortothestartofanewfiscalyear, designatedasoctober1.failuretomeetthis deadlinecausestheneedfortemporary,shortq termfundingorresultsinashutdownof governmentoperations. AuthorizationBill Providesthelegalauthoritytocreateorcarry outafederalprogram.ingeneral,federal programsmustbeauthorizedbeforethey receivefunding,thoughsomeexceptionsare made.forinstance,thehigher&education&actis anauthorizationbillthatauthorizesevery postsecondaryprogramwithintheu.s. DepartmentofEducation. Bill Alegislativeproposalthatbecomesalawifit passesboththehouseandsenateandifit receivespresidentialapproval.billsare denotedas H.R. inthehouseandas S. in thesenate(e.g.,h.r.5ors.123). Briefing Aninformationalsessionledbyanindependent interestgroupdesignedtogivestaffers backgroundinformationabouttheirissues. Caucus Aninformalgroupofmemberssharingan interestinthesamepolicyissues.examples includetheaddiction,treatment,andrecovery Caucus;theCongressionalMentalHealth Caucus;theCongressionalBlackCaucus;and thecongressionalsocialworkcaucus. Chair Leaderofacongressionalcommittee.Chairsare alwaysmembersofthemajoritypartyand oftenarethosewithseniority;theirpowers includetheabilitytoschedulehearingsand allocatethecommitteebudget. Committee/Subcommittee Alegislativesuborganizationinthathandlesa specificduty(ratherthanthegeneraldutiesof Congress). CommitteeReport Acommittee swrittenstatementaboutapiece oflegislation.itshowsrecommendationsfor actionandimplementation,aswellas amendmentsandenforcementlanguage. Conference Aformalmeetingorseriesofmeetingsbetween HouseandSenatemembers.Thepurposeofa conferenceistoreconcilethedifferences betweenthehouseandsenateversionsofa bill. ConferenceCommittee AnadhoccommitteeappointedbytheHouse andsenatetoresolvedisagreementovera givenbillandtoreconcilethosedifferencesin legislation,whichhaspassedeachchamber. ContinuingResolution Continuesfundingforaprogramifthefiscal yearendswithoutanewappropriationinplace. A"CR"oftenprovidestemporaryfundingat currentlevels. DiscretionarySpending

24 24 Setbyannualappropriationlevelsmadeby decisionofcongress.thisspendingisoptional, incontrasttoentitlementprograms(suchas Medicare/Medicaid)forwhichfundingis mandatory. Filibuster AnextendeddebateintheSenatethathasthe effectofpreventingorprolongingavote. Senaterulescontainnomotiontoforceavote. Avoteoccursonlyafterdebateends. FiscalYear Thefederalfiscalyear(FY)runsfromOctober1 toseptember30.forexample,fy2013starts onoctober1,2012andterminateson September30,2013. Floor ThechamberintheCapitolwheremembers assembletodebateandvote.membersaresaid tobe onthefloor whentheyassembleand tohavethefloor whentheyspeak. Hearing Aformalmeetingofacommitteeor subcommitteetoreviewlegislationorexplorea topic.hearingsmayalsobecalledto investigateamatterorconductoversightof existingprograms.witnessesarecalledto delivertestimonyandanswerquestionsinall typesofhearings. H.R. StandsforHouse&of&Representativesand designatesabillthathasbeenintroducedinthe House(e.g.H.R.1100).Itbecomeslawifpassed byboththehouseandsenateandapprovedby thepresident. JointCommittee Acommitteeconsistingofmembersofthe HouseandSenate. MandatorySpending Fundsnotcontrolledbyannualdecisionof Congress.Thesefundsareautomatically obligatedbyvirtueofpreviouslyenactedlaws (e.g.socialsecurityormedicare). Markup Themeetingofacommitteeheldtoreviewthe textofabillbeforereportingitout.committee membersofferandvoteonproposedchanges tothebill'slanguage,knownasamendments. Mostmarkupsendwithavotetosendthenew versionofthebilltothefloorforfinalapproval. PublicLaw(P.L.) DesignatedbythenumberoftheCongressand theorderinwhichabillisenacted.for example,p.l.106q10isthe10 th lawenacted duringthe106 th Congress. RankingMember Highestrankonacommitteeontheminority side;servesascounterparttothechair. Recess Congressionalbreaksoverseveraldayssuchas holidayperiods,whichareapprovedbyvote. S. StandsforSenateanddesignatesabillthathas beenintroducedinthesenate(e.g.s.910).bills becomelawifpassedbybothhousesof Congressandapprovedbythepresident. U.S.Code Thecompilationofallcurrentfederallaws, arrangedunder50subjecttitles.thecode,or U.S.C.,isrevisedaboutevery6years. Veto Thepowertopreventlegislationoraction proposedbyothers,exercisedbythepresident.

25 25 Common Acronyms AHRQ AgencyforHealthcareResearch andquality,hhs CDC CentersforDiseaseControland Prevention CBO CongressionalBudgetOffice CHOB CannonHouseOfficeBuilding CR ContinuingResolution DOC U.S.DepartmentofCommerce DOD U.S.DepartmentofDefense DOL U.S.DepartmentofLabor DOT U.S.DepartmentofTransportation FAA FederalAviationAdministration FDA FoodandDrugAdministration (HHS) FY Fiscalyear GAO GovernmentAccountabilityOffice GPO GovernmentPrintingOffice GSA GeneralServicesAdministration HHS U.S.DepartmentofHealth andhumanservices LHOB LongworthHouseOfficeBuilding LOC LibraryofCongress NASA NationalAeronauticsandSpace Administration NIOSH NationalInstituteofOccupational SafetyandHealth NIST NationalInstituteforStandardsand Technology NSF NationalScienceFoundation OMB OfficeofManagementandBudget OSHA OccupationalSafetyandHealth Administration RHOB RayburnHouseOfficeBuilding SD DirksenSenateOfficeBuilding SH HartSenateOfficeBuilding SR RussellSenateOfficeBuilding

26 Navigating Capitol Hill 26

27 House of Representatives Office Buildings TheCapitolcomplexincludesthreemajorofficebuildingsfortheHouseofRepresentatives.Theseare someofthebuildingsinwhichyouwillbeconductingyourcapitolhillmeetings.sometimesmeeting itinerarieswillhaveaconsiderablebreakbetweenmeetings.thereareafewplaceslistedbelowwhere itispossibletorestandgetabitetoeatbetweenmeetingsiftimesuffices. Cannon House Office Building SouthoftheCapitolboundedbyIndependenceAvenue,FirstStreet, NewJerseyAvenue,andCStreetS.E.Mainentranceatthecornerof IndependenceAvenueandNewJerseyAvenueS.E. TheundergroundtunneltoconnecttotheLongworthHouseOffice Buildingisonthebasement(B)levelofthisbuilding. ThereisacarryQoutrestaurantonthelowerlevelofthisbuilding. & Longworth House Office Building SouthoftheCapitolonasiteboundedbyIndependenceAvenue,New JerseyAvenue,SouthCapitolStreet,andCStreetS.E.Mainentranceon IndependenceAvenue. TheundergroundtunnelstoconnecttotheCannonandRayburn Buildingsareaccessibleonthebasement(B)leveloftheLongworth Building. Thereisafoodcourtlocatedinthebasement(B)ofthisbuilding. Rayburn House Office Building SouthwestoftheCapitolonasiteboundedbyIndependenceAvenue, SouthCapitolStreet,FirstStreet,andCStreetS.W.Mainentranceon IndependenceAvenue. TheundergroundtunneltoaccesstheLongworthBuildingisaccessible viathebasement(b)levelofthisbuilding. Thereisacafeteriainthebasement(B)ofthisbuilding. 27

28 Senate Office Buildings TheCapitolcomplexincludesthreemajorofficebuildingsfortheSenate.Thesearesomeofthe buildingsinwhichyouwillbeconductingyourcapitolhillmeetings.sometimesmeetingitinerarieswill haveaconsiderablebreakbetweenmeetings.thereareafewplaceslistedbelowwhereitispossibleto restandgetabitetoeatbetweenmeetingsiftimesuffices. Russell Senate Office Building NortheastoftheCapitolonasiteboundedbyConstitutionAvenue,First Street,DelawareAvenue,andCStreetN.E.Mainentrancenear intersectionofdelawareavenueandconstitutionavenue. TheundergroundtunneltoconnecttotheDirksenSenateOffice BuildingisonthebasementlevelofRussell. Thereisacaféinthebasement(B)ofthisbuilding. & & Dirksen Senate Office Building NortheastoftheCapitol,adjoiningtheHartSenateOfficeBuildingona siteboundedbyconstitutionavenue,secondstreet,firststreet,andc StreetN.E.MainentranceatintersectionofFirstStreetandCStreet N.E. DirksenconnectstotheRussellSenateOfficeBuildingonthebasement (B)levelandconnectstotheHartSenateOfficeBuildingoneachfloor bythestairs. Thereisacafeteriainthebasement(B)ofthisbuilding. Hart Senate Office Building NortheastoftheCapitol,adjoiningtheDirksenSenateOfficeBuildingon asiteboundedbyconstitutionavenue,secondstreet,firststreet,and CStreetN.E.MainentranceatSecondStreet. HartandDirksenadjoinviastairsoneachfloor. ThereisacafélocatedintheDirksen/HartGroundFloorConnecting Corridor. 28

29 Congressional Office Building Security Beforeentryintoanyoneofthecongressionalofficebuildings,allvisitorsarescreenedbya magnetometer,andallitemsthatvisitorsbringinsidethebuildingarescreenedbyanxqraydevice.your assistanceisneededtohelpexpeditethesecurityscreeningprocess.pleaserefrainfrombringingitems largerthanapurseorbriefcase.laptopsmayneedtoberemovedfromanycaseduringthexqray process.shoesdonotneedtoberemoved,butjacketsshould.pictureidisnotrequired. Prohibiteditems*include: Weaponsandexplosives AerosolandnonQaerosolsprays(prescriptionsformedicalneedsare permitted) Anyliquid,includingwater Foodorbeveragesofanykind Cansandbottles Bagslargerthan14"widex13"highx4"deep Knives,razors,andboxcutters Maceandpepperspray GiftQwrappeditems *&Please&note&that&exceptions&can&be&made&if&a&prohibited&item&is&determined&to&be&necessary&to&serve& child&care,&medical,&or&other&special&needs. & 29

30 Appendix IntroductiontotheHumanFactorsandErgonomicsSociety(HFES) andthefieldofhumanfactorsandergonomics(hf/e) Forover50years,theU.S.federalgovernmenthasfundedscientistsandengineerstoexploreand betterunderstandtherelationshipbetweenhumans,technology,andtheenvironment.originally stemmingfromurgentneedstoimprovetheperformanceofhumansusingcomplexsystemssuchas aircraftduringworldwarii,thefieldofhumanfactorsandergonomics(hf/e)workstodevelopsafe, effective,andpracticalhumanuseoftechnology,particularlyinchallengingsettings.hf/edoesthisby developingscientificapproachesforunderstandingthiscomplexinterface,alsoknownas humanq systemsintegration. Today,HF/Eisappliedtofieldsasdiverseastransportation,architecture, environmentaldesign,consumerproducts,electronics/computers,energysystems,medicaldevices, manufacturing,officeautomation,organizationaldesignandmanagement,aging,farming,health, sportsandrecreation,oilfieldoperations,mining,forensics,andeducation. WithincreasingreliancebyfederalagenciesandtheprivatesectorontechnologyQaideddecisionQ making,hf/eisvitaltoeffectivelyachievingournationalobjectives.federalresearchforhf/eis embeddedinagencymissions,mostprominentlyatthedepartmentofdefense,thefederalaviation Administration,theDepartmentofLabor,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,andthe FoodandDrugAdministration.Butthefieldalsocontributestoadvancingfundamentalscientific understandingoftheinterfacebetweenhumandecisionqmaking,engineering,design,technology,and theworldaroundusthroughresearchfundedbythenationalsciencefoundationandthenational InstitutesofHealth.ThereachofHF/Eisprofound,touchingnearlyallaspectsofhumanlifefromthe healthcaresector,tothewayswetravel,tothehandqhelddevicesweuseeveryday. TheHumanFactorsandErgonomicsSociety(HFES)isamultidisciplinaryprofessionalassociationwith 4,500individualmembersworldwide,includingpsychologistsandotherscientists,engineers,and designers,allwithacommoninterestincreatingsafeandeffectiveproducts,equipment,andsystems thatmaximizeandareadaptedtohumancapabilities. P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, CA , USA 310/ Fax 310/