C H A P T E R 10 Congress in Action
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1 C H A P T E R 0 Congress in Action
2 C H A P T E R 2 The Federal Court System SECTION SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Congress Organizes Committees in Congress How a Bill Becomes a Law: The House The Bill in the Senate Chapter 2
3 S E C T I O N Congress Organizes What are the roles of the presiding officers in the Senate and the House? What are the duties of party officers in Congress? How are committee chairmen chosen, and what is their role in the legislative process? 2 3 4
4 The Presiding Officers The Speaker of the House The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the acknowledged leader of the majority party. The Speaker names the members of all select and conference committees, and signs all bills and resolutions passed by the House. The President of the Senate Vice President = President of the Senate The president of the Senate has many of the same duties as the Speaker of the House, but cannot cast votes on legislation. The president pro tempore, the leader of the majority party, is elected from the Senate and serves in the Vice President s absence. Paul Ryan Mike Pence Orrin Hatch
5 Committee Chairmen and Seniority Rule Committee Chairmen The committee chairmen are the members who head the standing committees in each chamber of Congress. The chairman of each of these permanent committees is chosen from the majority party by the majority party caucus. Seniority Rule The seniority rule, an unwritten custom, holds that the most important posts will be held by those party members with the longest records of service in Congress. The head of each committee is often the longest-serving member of the committee from the majority party
6 Composition of 5 th Congress 2 3 4
7 5 TH SENATE
8 Section Review. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is (a) the President. (b) the Speaker of the House. (c) the majority whip. (d) the president pro tempore
9 S E C T I O N 2Committees in Congress How do the standing committees function? What are the duties and responsibilities of the House Rules Committee? What are the functions of joint and conference committees? 3 4 2
10 Standing Committees Standing committees are permanent panels in Congress to which bills of similar nature could be sent. Most of the standing committees handle bills dealing with particular policy matters, such as veterans affairs or foreign relations
11 Permanent Committees of Congress 3 4 2
12 The House Rules Committee and Select Committees The House Rules Committee The Rules Committee decides whether and under what conditions the full House will consider a measure. This places great power in the Rules Committee, as it can speed, delay, or even prevent House action on a measure. The Select Committees Select committees are panels established to handle a specific matter and usually exist for a limited time. Most select committees are formed to investigate a current matter
13 Joint and Conference Committees A joint committee is one composed of members of both houses. Examples of joint committees include the Joint Economic Committee, the Joint Committee on Printing, and the Joint Committee on the Library of Congress A conference committee a temporary, joint body is created to iron out differences between bills passed by the House and Senate before they are sent to the President
14 Section 2 Review. The House Rules Committee (a) establishes codes of conduct. (b) determines when and under what conditions the full House will consider a measure. (c) oversees the execution of bills once they are passed into law. (d) determines which members of the Senate may vote on a measure. 2. A conference committee is formed to (a) iron out differences in bills passed by the House and Senate before they are sent to the President. (b) hold press conferences. (c) appoint Supreme Court justices. (d) determine rules for debate
15 S E C T I O N 3How a Bill Becomes a Law: The House What are the first steps in introducing a new bill to the House? What happens to a bill once it enters a committee? How do House leaders schedule debate on a bill? What happens to a bill on the House floor? What is the final step in passing a bill in the House? 2 4 3
16 The First Steps A bill is a proposed law presented to the House or Senate for consideration. The clerk of the House numbers each bill, gives it a short title, and enters it into the House Journal and the Congressional Record for the day. With these actions the bill has received its first reading. It is then assigned to a subcommittee 2 4 3
17 The Bill in Committee Discharge Petitions Most bills die in committee, pigeonholed, or put away, never to be acted upon. If a committee pigeonholes a bill that a majority of the House wishes to consider, it can be brought out of committee via a discharge petition. Gathering Information Most committees do their work through several subcommittees divisions of existing committees formed to address specific issues. Committees and subcommittees often hold public hearings or make a junket (trip) to gather information relating to a measure
18 Committee Actions 2 4 3
19 The Bill on the Floor Committee of the Whole The Committee of the Whole includes all members of the House, however, they sit as one large committee and not as the House itself. When the Committee of the Whole resolves itself, the Speaker steps down and another member presides. General debate follows. Debate Severe limits are placed on floor debate due to the House s large size. Majority and minority floor leaders generally decide in advance how they will split the time to be spent on a bill
20 Voting on a Bill There are several ways of taking votes. The most common is yes or no. The Speaker of the House will take yes or no votes on a proposed bill. Once a bill has been approved at second reading, it is engrossed, or printed in its final form. It is then read for a third time and a final vote is taken
21 S E C T I O N 4The Bill in the Senate How is a bill introduced in the Senate? How do the Senate s rules for debate differ from those in the House? What is the role of conference committees in the legislative process? What actions can the President take after both houses have passed a bill? 2 3 4
22 Introducing a Bill and Rules for Debate Introducing a Bill Bills are introduced by senators, who are formally recognized for that purpose. Proceedings are much less formal in the Senate compared to the House. Rules for Debate Unlike the House of Reps, Senators may speak on the floor for as long as they wish. This freedom of debate allows for the fullest possible discussion of matters on the floor. Huey Long 2 3
23 Filibuster and Cloture Filibuster A filibuster is an attempt to talk a bill to death. A senator may exercise his or her right of holding the floor as long as necessary, and in essence talk until a measure is dropped. 2 3 Cloture: limiting debate in the Senate. 60 member vote required. Put in place to kill filibuster. Seldom used, but there in case. Limits debate to 30 hours max. Then must be brought to final vote. 4
24 Conference Committees Any measure enacted by Congress must have been passed by both houses in identical form. If one of the houses will not accept the other s version of a bill, a conference committee is formed to iron out the differences. Once a conference committee completes work on a bill, it is returned to both houses for final approval. It must be accepted or rejected without amendment.
25 The President Acts The President can either veto or approve a bill. If he approves, it becomes a law. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress. If Congress passes the vetoed bill by 2/3 vote in both houses, it becomes a law.
26 Section 4 Review. A filibuster is (a) a tool used by senators to speed up the process of passing legislation. (b) the name for a bill once it is signed into law. (c) a delay tactic in which a bill is talked to death. (d) an executive privilege that allows for the amending of passed bills. 2. All of the following are options for the President for dealing with a bill once he receives it EXCEPT (a) allowing it to become law by not acting upon it for 0 days. (b) signing the bill into law. (c) altering the bill and signing it into law. (d) vetoing the bill
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