(12) (10) Patent N0.: US 7,210,617 B2 Chaum (45) Date of Patent: May 1, (54) SECRET-BALLOT SYSTEMS WITH 3,906,192 A * 9/1975 Cidade...

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1 United States Patent US B2 (12) (10) Patent N0.: US 7,210,617 B2 Chaum (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2007 (54) SECRET-BALLOT SYSTEMS WITH 3,906,192 A * 9/1975 Cidade /487 VOTER-VERIFIABLE INTEGRITY 4,717,177 A * 1/1988 Boram /5 4,864,302 A * 9/1989 Bowers /13 (76) Inventor: David Sherman Chaum, Oaks CA (Us) Sutton St., 5,895,075, A i * i 4/1999 good Edwards ong /81 ( * ) Notice: Patent Subject 15 to extended any disclaimer, or adlusted the term under of this 35 6,457,643 B1 * i 10/2002 Way giggle.... et... al' ' /46201 U-S-C- 154(1)) by 0 days- 6,779,727 B2* 8/2004 Warther / / Al* 12/2001 Firan et a /112 (21) Appl- No: 10/348, / A1* 9/2002 Barnhart 705/ / Al* 11/2002 Warther /5 (22) Filed: Jan. 21, / Al* 6/2005 LuboW /494 (65) Prior Publication Data.. cued by exammer * Us 2003/ A1 Aug' Primary ExamineriThien M. Le Assistant ExamineriEdWyn LabaZe Related U_s_ Application Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or F lrmiclark & Brody (60) Provisional application No. 60/412,749,?led on Sep. (57) ABSTRACT 23, 2002, provisional application No. 60/408,909,...?led on Se rovisional a lication NO An elect1on system provldes, 1n one example, each voter 60/358109p?1ez1On Fébp pp ' With multiple physical layers that the voter is able to ' ' choose between. The voter takes part of the layers as a kind (51) Int_ CL of receipt and the other layers are retained and/or destroyed G0 7C 13/00 (200601) by the system. The actual vote is not readily revealed by the (52) us. Cl /51-235/ /12 layers taken by the Voter thus Protecting against improper 58 F, M f Cl,? t, s h 235 /51 in?uence. In the voting booth, When all the layers are ( ) 1e 0 zgass/sggzaigg /1O3 combined, however, the voter is readily able to verify the 283/106 vote. Moreover, posted images of the layers not taken by the S 1. t.?l f 1 t h h. t voter can be used to compute the election results in a Way ee app lea Ion e or Comp 6 e Seam 15 Dry that is veri?able by interested parties. The results cannot be (56) References Cited changed Without substantial probability of detection and 3,650,210 A * 3,708,656 A * US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3/1972 Archer /98 l/l973 Fielder /487 privacy of votes can be maintained unless a number of parties are compromised or collude. 10 Claims, 40 Drawing Sheets Voter chooses candidates Create split ballot data for choices made by voter 22 Print split ballot data on split/split'table form/terms 23 Randomly" select part of ballot Retain/destroy first part of ballot form Retain/destroy second part of ballot form Print signature on and/or post second part of ballot form Print signature on

2 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet US 7,210,617 B2 32". i. E. 2. E. 39". 0F m." = E... 9, m." <23 N m m N P _:25 Lwvmz 200 E \ Q 622 N 53m a Q 622 imam.200

3 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 2 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 voter Chooses Create split ballot data for. ' choices made by voter candidates,/ ' 22/ Print split ballot data on split/splittable form/forms "Randomly" select part of ballot V Retain/destroy first part of ballot form Print signature on and/or post second part of ballot form 25a 26a 25b 26b Retain/destroy second part of ballot form Print signature on and/or post first part of ballot form

4 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 3 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 Emu o2m< co 7 :3 -ZEBDE m2? E Emu m2m< 4 co 5/ 922mm >Em> 5:8 869mm :0 Emu 82mm

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6 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 5 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 Cross Name Off Floster Review Voted Ballot V V Pnnt Mark-up Ballot Coin Toss Event V V Mark Ballot Provide Authentication V Scan Ballot Scan Barcode V Print Vote Summary Form Tally Fig. 5

7 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 6 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 mommwsmmmnmmmwwmomwowwmmwowwoommmv Nommonmammommmwmommowwmmmomvoommmw IIIIII O : II mommmwwwwwmmwmmwowmopmmwmompoow mm# _= = g F I. I mommmhmmmnwmmwwmomwowwmmwowvoommmw IIIIIIIII 6 d IIIIIIIII IIIIIIII Fig 6a Fig 60 Fig 6e

8 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 7 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 H Fig. Fig. 7a.360 mwmav 7b mama.

9 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 8 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B O Dianne F einstein; 2 Barbara Boxer; 3 Mike Thompson; 4 Wally Herger; 5 Douglas Osc; 6; 7 John T. Doolittle; 8 Robert T. Matsui; 9 Lynn C. Woolsey; 1 0 George Miller; 1 1 Nancy Pelosi; 1 2 Barbara Lee; 1 3 Ellen O. Tauscher; 14; 1 5 Richard W. Pombo; 1 6 Tom Lantos; 1 7 Fortney Pete Stark; 1 8 Anna G. Eshoo; 19 Mike Honda; 20 Zoe Lofgren; 21 Sam Farr; 22 Gary A. Condit; 23 George P. Radanovich; 24; 25 Calvin M. Dooley; 26 William M. Thomas; 27 Lois Capps; 28 Elton Gallegly; 29 Brad Sherman; 30 Howard P. "Buck" McKeon; 31 Howard L. Berman; 32; 33 Adam Schiff; 34 David Dreier; 35 Henry A. Waxman; 36 Xavier Becerra; 37 Hilda A. Solis; 38 Lucille Roybal-Allard; 39 Grace Flores Napolitano; 40; 41 Maxine Waters; 42; 43 Jane Harman; 44 Juanita Millender-McDonald; 45 Stephen Horn; 46 Edward R. Royce; 47; 48 Jerry Lewis; 49 Gary G. Miller; 50 Joe Baca; 51 Ken Calvert; 52 Mary Whitaker Bono; 53; 54 Dana Rohrabacher; 55 Loretta Sanchez; 56 Christopher Cox; 57 Darrell Issa; 58 Susan A. Davis; 59 Bob Filner; 60; 61 Randy "Duke" Cunningham; 62 Duncan Hunter; 63 Dianne Feinstein; 64 Barbara Boxer; 65 Mike Thompson; 66 Wally Herger; 67 Douglas Ose; 68 John T. Doolittle; 69 Robert T. Matsui; 70 Lynn C. Woolsey; 71; 72 George Miller; 73 Nancy Pelosi; 74 Barbara Lee; 75 Ellen O. Tauscher; 76 Richard W. Pombo; 77 Tom Lantos; 78; 79 Fortney Pete Stark; 80 Anna G. Eshoo; 81 Mike Honda; 82 Zoe Lofgren; 83 Sam Farr; 84 Gary A. Condit; 85; 86 George P. Radanovich; 87 Calvin M. Dooley; 88 William M. Thomas; 89 Lois Capps; 90 Elton Gallegly; 91 Brad Sherman; 92 Howard P. "Buck" McKeon; 93 Howard L. Berman; 94; 95 Adam Schiff; 96 David Dreier; 97 Henry A. Waxman; 98 Xavier Becerra; 99 Hilda A. Solis; 100 Lucille Roybal-Allard; 1 01 Grace Flores Napolitano; 1 O2 Maxine Waters; 103; 104 Jane Harman; 1 O5 Juanita Millender-McDonald; 1 96 Stephen Horn; 107 Edward R. Royce; 1 08 Jerry Lewis; 1 09 Gary G. Miller; Joe Baca; 1 1 1; Ken Calvert; Mary Whitaker Bono; Dana Rohrabacher; Loretta Sanchez; 1 16; Christopher Cox; 1 18 Darrell lssa; 1 19 Yes on "A"; 120 No on "A"; 1 21 No on "B"; 122 Yes on "B"

10 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 9 of 40 US 7,210,617 B2 Governor 7; Lieutenant Governor 14; Secretary of State 19; State Controller 24; State Treasurer 28; Attorney General 35; Insurance Commissioner 42; Board of Equalization - District 5 48; US. Senate 52; US. Congress - District 7 60; State Senate - District 2 71; State Assembly - District 22 78; Supreme Court 85; Appellate Court - District 3 90; Appellate Court - District 3 - Division 1 95; Superintendent of Public Instruction 1 O5 1 Dianne Feinstein; 2 Barbara Boxer; 3 Mike Thompson; 4 Wally Herger; 5 Douglas Ose; 6; 7 John T. Doolittle; 8 Robert T. Matsui; 9 Lynn C. Woolsey; 1 0 George Miller; 1 1 Nancy Pelosi; 1 2 Barbara Lee; 1 3 Ellen O. Tauscher; 1 4; 1 5 Richard W. Pombo; 1 6 Tom Lantos; 1 7 Fortney Pete Stark; 1 8 Anna G. Eshoo; 1 9 Mike Honda; 20 Zoe Lofgren; 21 Sam Farr; 22 Gary A. Condit; 23 George P. Radanovich; 24; 25 Calvin M. Dooley; 26 William M. Thomas; 27 Lois Capps; 28 Elton Gallegly; 29 Brad Sherman; 30 Howard P. "Buck" McKeon; 31 Howard L. Berman; 32; 33 Adam Schiff; 34 David Dreier; 35 Henry A. Waxman; 36 Xavier Becerra; 37 Hilda A. Solis; 38 Lucille Roybal-Allard; 39 Grace Flores Napolitano; 40; 41 Maxine Waters; 42; 43 Jane Harman; 44 Juanita Millender-McDonald; 45 Stephen Horn; 46 Edward R. Roycc; 47; 48 Jerry Lewis; 49 Gary G. Miller; 50 Joe Baca; 51 Ken Calvert; 52 Mary Whitaker Bono; 53; 54 Dana Rohrabacher; 55 Loretta Sanchez; 56 Christopher Cox; 57 Darrell Issa; 58 Susan A. Davis; 59 Bob F ilner; 60; 61 Randy "Duke" Cunningham; 62 Duncan Hunter; 63 Dianne Feinstein; 64 Barbara Boxer; 65 Mike Thompson; 66 Wally Herger; 67 Douglas Ose; 68 John T. Doolittle; 69 Robert T. Matsui; 70 Lynn C. Woolsey; 71; 72 George Miller; 73 Nancy Pelosi; 74 Barbara Lee; 75 Ellen O. Tauscher; 76 Richard W. Pombo; 77 Tom Lantos; 78; 79 Fortney Pete Stark; 80 Anna G. Eshoo; 81 Mike Honda; 82 Zoe Lofgren; 83 Sam Farr; 84 Gary A. Condit; 85; 86 George P. Radanovich; 87 Calvin M. Dooley; 88 William M. Thomas; 89 Lois Capps; 90 Elton Gallegly; 91 Brad Sherman; 92 Howard P. "Buck" McKeon; 93 Howard L. Berman; 94; 95 Adam Schiff; 96 David Dreier; 97 Henry A. Waxman; 98 Xavier Becerra; 99 Hilda A. Solis; 1 0O Lucille Roybal-Allard; 1 01 Grace Flores Napolitano; 1 O2 Maxine Waters; 1 O3; 1 04 Jane Harman; 1 O5 Juanita Millcnder-McDonald; 1 06 Stephen Horn Fig. 9

11 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 10 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 0cm =3 00 0: > ER $ : 02 20> : u: :00 2: EEE g S 00E 20> {20> s > %. =2 0% =5 28 > Hi. >.2.\EE > >0 $ > w0?=02mm 20> 00:50 20> 0229 u TtEwv Acoz29v 02:990& m, 0 2E0 20> 02%? 20> > 0229 "m 2000 "< > 0120> > : u0> > "-0 :omuomame E0 A20> 0229 V A20> 02:50 nv > > "-0223: I E.022 " :23:

12 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet US 7,210,617 B2 Determine secret values Allow voting by each Voter 1112 Commit to secret values Accept votes from Voter 1113 Voting 1 Provide ballot to Voter for review Publish 1156 released ballot parts / prove tally Flelease "A" part Release nb" part consistent with of ballot of ballot released ballot parts Fig.11a Fig. 11b

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20 U.S. Patent May 1, 2007 Sheet 19 0f 40 US 7,210,617 B2 86:0 EwEqiam wom_n_-mc=_on_ 650

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