POL306H1S: URBAN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE IN CANADA Department of Political Science, University of Toronto

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1 POL306H1S: URBAN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE IN CANADA Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Summer Session, July/August 2011 Time: MW 6 8pm Room: TBD INSTRUCTORS: Zack Taylor zack.taylor@utoronto.ca Office hours: after class, 8 9pm Office room: TBD Gabriel Eidelman g.eidelman@utoronto.ca Office hours: before class, 5 6pm Office room: TBD COURSE DESCRIPTION: In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in the politics and governance of cities in Canada and around the world. Where once cities were seen as less important than national or international affairs, they are now increasingly understood to be vital engines of global innovation and prosperity and globally consequential sites of social conflict and cooperation. The goal of this course is increase your understanding of how Canadian cities are governed and to introduce you to leading theories of urban politics. The course is divided into three sections. First, we talk about how Canadian cities are governed how local government works, how local governments interact with the federal and provincial governments, and how Canadian cities have tried to resolve the dilemma of metropolitan governance. The section concludes with a discussion of urban public policy. The middle section focuses on the politics of the City of Toronto: the ongoing aftermath of the 1998 amalgamation of Metro Toronto into today s mega-city, the finances of the city, and the politics of urban development and redevelopment. In the final section we broaden the discussion to consider competing theories of urban politics and how Canadian urban political life may be changing under globalizing pressures. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 1

2 OUTLINE OF TOPICS AND ASSIGNMENTS Class 1 July 4 Why should we care about urban politics? Introduce public meeting field assignment Part I: Governing the Canadian City Class 2 July 6 The local state Introduce reading response assignment Class 3 July 11 The municipality in multi-level governance Introduce policy brief assignment Class 4 July 13 The metropolitan dilemma Finalize groups for policy brief assignment Class 5 July 18 Urban public policy Class 6 July 20 The Canadian city in comparative context Hand in reading response Part II: Politics in Toronto Class 7 July 25 Toronto s amalgamation and its aftermath Class 8 July 27 Local public finance and Toronto s fiscal crisis Hand in public meeting field assignment *** August 1 is a statutory holiday Class 9 August 3 The politics of urban development and redevelopment Part III: Theoretical Perspectives on Urban Politics Class 10 August 8 Community power & urban political economy Class 11 August 10 Globalization and the competitive city / Exam review Hand in policy brief assignment POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 2

3 COURSE WEBSITE: Handouts, assignment descriptions, and course grades will be posted on the course website using Blackboard: REQUIREMENTS & EVALUATION: Reading response (10%) You will write a two-page critical response to the readings assigned in any two classes starting in Class 2 and ending Class 6. These are not summaries of the readings. The goal is to compare and contrast the readings. Due at the beginning of Class 6. Public meeting field assignment (20%) You will attend and critically evaluate a municipal public meeting. The assignment will be introduced in Classes 1 and 2 and is due in Class 8. Urban policy brief (group assignment, 30%) Working in small groups, you will produce an authoritative brief on an important urban policy issue. Topics will be introduced in Class 3 and groups finalized in Class 4. Each group will meet with the instructors during the week of Classes 5 and 6 to discuss the project. The final report is due in Class 11. Final examination (35%) Held during the exam period. Multiple choice, short answer, and long essay questions. Attendance and participation (5%) COURSE POLICIES: Submitting assignments: All assignments must be submitted to the instructors in printed form and to on the due date. Normally, students will be required to submit their course essays to Turnitin.com for a review of textual similarity and detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so, students will allow their essays to be included as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to the University s use of the Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com website. Turnitin.com class ID and enrolment password: TBA. If, as a student, you object to using turnitin.com, please see one of the course instructors to establish appropriate alternative arrangements for submission of your written assignments. Students are strongly advised to keep rough and draft work and hard copies of their essays and assignments before handing in to the instructors. These should be kept until marked assignments have been returned. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 3

4 The instructors will not accept assignments by . Late penalty: The penalty for late assignments is five percentage points per day (including weekend days). A grade of 80% therefore becomes 60% in four days. Assignments more than 10 weekdays late will not be accepted. Extensions due to illness require a medical certificate. If you foresee problems meeting submission deadlines please consult the instructors; accommodations can always be made with adequate advance notice. This means at least one week before the deadline, not the night before the work is due! Academic honesty: To protect and uphold academic integrity in the class, it is the responsibility of each student to be able to demonstrate the originality of his or her work if called upon to do so. At a minimum, for every assignment, the sources of all data and ideas must be properly referenced using a standard academic referencing style such as Chicago, APA, or MLA. Plagiarism is a serious academic offence and will be dealt with accordingly. Failure to properly reference ideas, concepts, and quotations in an assignment that are not your own will result in academic penalties as required by the University of Toronto s policy on plagiarism ( If you are unclear about what constitutes plagiarism or how to reference sources, please visit: policy: All University of Toronto students are now required to have e- mail account. The instructors will only respond to s sent from a University of Toronto account, that clearly identify the sender, and have POL 306 in the subject line. Accessibility needs: The University of Toronto is committed to accessibility. If you require accomodations for a disability, or have any accessibility concerns about the course, the classroom, or course materials, please contact Accessibility Services as soon as possible at: disability.services@utoronto.ca or Help with writing: Learning to express ideas clearly is a central goal of the university experience. If academic writing does not come easily to you, you are strongly encouraged to make use of U of T s Writing Centres: POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 4

5 READINGS: A course reader is available for purchase at the University of Toronto bookstore. The course reader will be placed on reserve at Robarts Library. Some readings are to be accessed on-line. Readings to be retrieved from publicly available websites have URLs attached. Readings marked with an E are e-journal articles that can be retrieved through the U of T Library website. Readings marked with a W can be retrieved on the internet at the URL provided. Optional supplementary readings are noted in the syllabus. Additional optional items of interest may be posted on the course website from time to time during the term. Class 1 Why should we care about urban politics? John, Peter Why Study Urban Politics? In Theories of Urban Politics, second edition, eds. Jonathan S. Davies and David L. Imboscio, pp Los Angeles: Sage. [E] Andrew, Caroline The Shame of (Ignoring) the Cities. Journal of Canadian Studies 25(4): Lorinc, John Introduction. The New City: How the Crisis in Canada s Urban Centres is Reshaping the Nation, pp Toronto: Penguin. Magnusson, Warren The City as the Hope of Democracy, in Urban Affairs: Back on the Policy Agenda, eds. Caroline Andrew, Katherine A. Graham, Susan D. Phillips, pp Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen s. PART I: GOVERNING THE CANADIAN CITY Class 2 The local state Tindal, C. Richard, and Susan Nobes Tindal Selections from Chapters 8 ( Municipal Governing Structures, pp , ) & 10 ( The Municipality and the Public, pp ) in Local Government in Canada, 7th edition. Toronto: Nelson. [E] Stoker, Gerry Governance as Theory: Five Propositions. International Social Science Journal 50(155): POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 5

6 Siegel, David Ontario, in Foundations of Governance: Municipal Government in Canada's Provinces, eds. Andrew Sancton and Robert Young, pp Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [E] Magnusson, Warren The Local State in Canada: Theoretical Perspectives. Canadian Public Administration 28(2): [E] Cutler, Fred, and J. Scott Matthews. The Challenge of Municipal Voting: Vancouver Canadian Journal of Political Science 38(2): [W] Stren, Richard et al The Governance of Toronto: Challenges of Size and Complexity. University of Toronto Cities Centre. rnance+of+toronto.pdf Class 3 The municipality in multi-level governance Tindal, C. Richard, and Susan Nobes Tindal Selection from Chapter 6 ( Intergovernmental Relations ) in Local Government in Canada, 7th edition. pp Toronto: Nelson. [W] Slack, Enid and Richard M. Bird "Cities in Canadian Federalism." Policy Options (December): [W] Bradford, Neil Selection from Whither the Federal Urban Agenda? A New Deal in Transition, pp CPRN Family Network Research Report F/65. [E] Magnusson, Warren Are Municipalities Creatures of the Provinces? Journal of Canadian Studies 39 (2): [W] Slack, Enid and Richard M. Bird Cities in Canadian Federalism. Paper presented to Conference on Fiscal Relations and Fiscal Conditions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, April deralism_2006.pdf POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 6

7 [W] Horak, Martin Governance Reform from Below: Multilevel Politics and the 'New Deal' Campaign in Toronto, Canada. UN-Habitat, Human Settlements Dialogue Series 4. [E] Leo, Christopher Deep Federalism: Respecting Community Difference in National Policy. Canadian Journal of Political Science 39 (3): [W] Tolley, Erin, and William R. Young Municipalities, the Constitution, and the Canadian Federal System. Library of Parliament, Research Branch. Young, Robert and Christian Leuprecht, eds Canada: The State of the Federation Municipal-Federal-Provincial Relations in Canada. Kingston: Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen s University. Class 4 The metropolitan dilemma Savitch, Hank, and Ronald K. Vogel Regionalism and Urban Politics, in Theories of Urban Politics, 2nd ed., eds. Jonathan S. Davies and David L. Imboscio, pp Los Angeles: Sage. [E] Sancton, Andrew The Governance of Metropolitan Areas in Canada. Public Administration and Development 25: [E] Frisken, Frances The Toronto Story: Sober Reflections on Fifty Years of Experiments with Regional Governance. Journal of Urban Affairs 23(5): Stephens, G. Ross, and Nelson Wikstrom Metropolitan Governance and Governance: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Analysis, and the Future. New York: Oxford. Phares, Don, ed Governing Metropolitan Regions in the 21st Century. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharp. Sancton, Andrew The Limits of Boundaries: Why City-Regions Cannot Be Self-governing. Montreal: McGill-Queen s. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 7

8 Class 5 Urban public policy Fowler, Edmund P., and David Siegel Introduction: Urban Public Policy at the Turn of the Century, in Urban Policy Issues: Canadian Perspectives, 2nd ed., eds. Edmund P. Fowler and David Siegel, pp Toronto: Oxford. [W] Bradford, Neil Selections from Place-based Public Policy: Towards a New Urban and Community Agenda for Canada, pp. 1 14, Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks. [Posted on course website.] [E] Young, Robert, and Kelly McCarthy Why Do Municipal Issues Rise on the Federal Policy Agenda in Canada? Canadian Public Administration 52(3): Peterson, Paul The Three Policy Arenas. City Limits, pp Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Frisken, Frances, ed The Changing Canadian Metropolis: A Public Policy Approach. 2 vols. Toronto and Berkeley, CA: Institute of Governmental Studies Press, University of California and the Canadian Urban Institute. Class 6 The Canadian city in comparative context [W] Sellers, Jeffrey North America (Canada and the United States), in Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World, pp Barcelona: United Cities and Local Governments. [E] Frisken, F Canadian Cities and the American Example: A Prologue to Urban Policy Analysis. Canadian Public Administration, Vol. 29(3): John, Peter Local Government Systems in Western Europe. In Local Governance in Western Europe, pp London: Sage. Mercer, John and Kim England Canadian Cities in Continental Context: Global and Continental Perspectives on Canadian Urban Development, in Canadian Cities in Transition, 2nd ed., eds. Trudi Bunting and Pierre Filion, pp Toronto: Oxford. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 8

9 Goldberg, Michael A. and John Mercer The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Vancouver: UBC Press. [E] Garber, Judith A., and David L. Imbroscio The Myth of the North American City Reconsidered: Local Constitutional Regimes in Canada and the United States. Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 31, No. 5: [E] Sellers, Jeffrey Federalism and Metropolitan Governance in Cross-National Perspective: The Case of Urban Sprawl. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, Vol. 20: Goldsmith, Mike A New Intergovernmentalism, in Comparing Local Governance: Trends and Developments, eds. Bas Denters and Lawrence E. Rose, pp London: Palgrave Macmillan. PART II: POLITICS IN TORONTO Class 7 Toronto s amalgamation and its aftermath Sancton, Andrew Toronto s megacity, in Merger Mania: The Assault on Local Government, pp Montréal: McGill-Queens University Press. [W] Hicks, Bruce M Are Marginalized Communities Disenfranchised? Voter Turnout and Representation in Post-merger Toronto. IRPP Working Paper Series no [E] Bashevkin, Sylvia Training a Spotlight on Urban Citizenship: The Case of Women in London and Toronto. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 29, No Boudreau, Julie-Anne, Roger Keil, Douglas Young Chapters 2 & 4 in Changing Toronto: Governing Urban Neoliberalism, pp , Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Siegel, David Municipal Reform in Ontario: Revolutionary Evolution, in Municipal Reform in Canada: Reconfiguration, Re-Empowerment, and Rebalancing, eds. Joseph Garcea and Edward C. LeSage Jr., pp Toronto: Oxford. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 9

10 Class 8 Local public finance and Toronto s fiscal crisis [W] Slack, Enid Fiscal Imbalance: The Case for Cities. Prepared for the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Toronto, June pgs. Fiscal%20Imbalance%20The%20Case%20for%20Cities-2006.pdf [W] City of Toronto, Mayor s Independent Fiscal Review Panel The Many Pressures Facing the City, in Final Report: Blueprint for Fiscal Stability and Economic Prosperity A Call to Action, pp [Posted on course website.] [W] Federation of Canadian Municipalities Chapters 1 & 2 in Building Prosperity from the Ground Up: Restoring Municipal Fiscal Balance. pp [W] City of Toronto Operating Budget Summary, in 2009 Budget Summary, pp [W] Vander Ploeg, Casey Problematic Property Tax: Why the Property Tax Fails to Measure Up and What to Do About It. Calgary: Canada West Foundation. pdf [E] Slack, Enid A Preliminary Assessment of the New City of Toronto. Canadian Journal of Regional Science 23(1): Class 9 The politics of urban development and redevelopment Lorimer, James Make a Million, Pay No Tax: How the Developers Get Rich, in The Developers, pp Toronto: Lorimer & Co. Leo, Christopher Urban Development: Planning Aspirations and Political Realities, in Urban Policy Issues: Canadian Perspectives, 2nd ed. eds. Edmund P. Fowler and David Siegel, pp Toronto: Oxford University Press. [W] MacDermid, Robert Funding City Politics: Municipal Campaign Funding and Property Development in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto: Centre for Social Justice and Vote Toronto. 42 pgs. [Concentrate on pp. 8 14, Posted on course website.] POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 10

11 [E] Bunce, Susannah The Emergence of Smart Growth Intensification in Toronto: Environment and Economy in the New Official Plan. Local Environment 9(2): Fainstein, Susan Appendix A: Social Science Analyses of Urban Redevelopment, in The City Builders: Property, Politics, and Planning in London and New York, 1st ed. pp London: Blackwell. PART III: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON URBAN POLITICS Class 10 Community power & urban political economy Harding, Alan Selection from Elite Theory and Growth Machines, in Theories of Urban Politics, 1st ed., pp London: Sage. [E] Stone, Clarence Urban Regimes and the Capacity to Govern: A Political Economy Approach. Journal of Urban Affairs 15(1): Geddes, Mike Marxism and Urban Politics, in Theories of Urban Politics, 2nd. ed., eds. Jonathan S. Davies and David L. Imbroscio, pp Los Angeles: Sage. Dahl, R Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale. Logan, John R., & Molotch, Harvey L Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place, 20th anniversary edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. Stone, Clarence N Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. Mossberger, Karen Urban Regime Analysis, in Theories of Urban Politics, 2nd ed., eds. Jonathan S. Davies and David L. Imbroscio, pp Los Angeles: Sage. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 11

12 Class 11 Globalization and the competitive city / Exam Review [W] Florida, Richard The World is Spiky: Globalization has changed the economic playing field, but hasn t leveled it. The Atlantic Monthly (October): [W] Gertler, Meric S Urban Economy and Society in Canada: Flows of People, Capital and Ideas. Isuma Canadian Journal of Policy Research (Autumn): Savitch, Hank, and Paul Kantor Excerpt from Ch. 1, The Great Transformation and Local Choices, in Cities in the International Marketplace: The Political Economy of Urban Development in North America and Western Europe, pp Princeton, NJ: Princeton. Peck, Jamie Ch. 8, The Cult of Urban Creativity, in Leviathan Undone: Towards a Political Economy of Scale, eds. Roger Keil & Rianne Mahon, pp Vancouver: UBC Press. [W] Courchene, Thomas J Global Futures for Canada s Global Cities. IRPP Policy Matters 8(2). 36 pgs. Clarke, Susan E Globalism and Cities: a North American Perspective, in Globalism and Local Democracy, eds. Robin Hambleton, Hank V. Savitch, Murray Stewart, pp New York: Palgrave Macmillan. [E] Kipfer, Stefan, and Roger Keil Toronto Inc.? Planning the Competitive City in the New Toronto. Antipode 34(2): Sassen, Saskia The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Brenner, Neil New State Spaces: Urban governance and the rescaling of statehood. Toronto: Oxford. POL-306H1S Urban Politics and Governance in Canada / 12