The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System

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1 The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Thomas Malone, Ocean.US Office Worth D. Nowlin, Jr., Texas A&M University GCOOS Stakeholder Council 10 January

2 Outline Global Ocean Observing System U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System - The Political Environment - The IOOS Architecture - The Global Module - The Coastal Module - The Current Status Engaging The Private Sector 2

3 Global Ocean Observing System 3

4 Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) GOOS is an end-to-end system of observations, data management, and production and delivery of products/services. GOOS is being coordinated by United Nation agencies with the participation of some 100 ocean nations. Together with the World Weather Watch, Global Atmospheric Watch, Global Climate Observing System and Global Terrestrial Observing System, GOOS is an element of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). 4

5 The GOOS Modules The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has been designed and is being implemented in two modules: The global module is designed to monitor, predict, and understand marine surface conditions and climate variability/change; and The coastal module is designed to sustain healthy marine ecosystems, ensure human health, promote safe and efficient marine transportation, enhance national security, and predict and mitigate against coastal hazards. 5

6 Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) An End to End System that Routinely Provides Data & Information Specified by Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study Oceans & Coasts GOOS (1) Analysis, Modeling (2) Data Management & Communications (3) Observing In Situ & Remote Sensing End To End 6

7 Integrated End to End System Rapid Access to Diverse Data from Many Sources Observations Data Telemetry Data Management & Communications Modeling & Analysis Products & Services Satellites Aircraft Fixed Platforms Ships Drifters & Floats AUVs Metadata standards Data discovery Data Management Online browse Data transport 7 Data archival Maritime Navigational Services Search & Rescue Coastal Flooding & Erosion Beach Closures Water Management Nutrient Management Fisheries Management 7

8 U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System 8

9 Political Background 9

10 1998 U.S. Congress Called for an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations Improve homeland security Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively Improve predictions of climate change & their effects Minimize public health risks Protect & restore healthy ecosystems in coastal environments more effectively Sustain living marine resources 1 System, 7 Goals 10

11 Established in 2000 Ocean.US Executive Committee (EXCOM) Functions & Responsibilities Ø Prepare & maintain IOOS Development Plans Ø Coordinate interagency implementation Past, Present & Future Directors Ø Past: David Martin, Eric Lindstrom Ø Current: Tom Malone Ø Future: Mary Altalo (Early 2006) 11

12 2004 U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy Implement an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Ø Make more effective use of existing resources Ø Enhance operational capabilities over time to address all 7 societal goals Implement Ecosystem Based Approaches to Managing Ø Natural resources & Ø Water quality Strengthen Regional Approach Ø Locally relevant, nationally coordinated 12

13 President s Ocean Action Plan Enhance Ocean Leadership & Coordination Ø Establish ocean governance structure Establish an IOOS as part of the GEOSS Optimize & Harmonize Use & Conservation of Ø Ocean, Coastal, & Great Lakes Resources Manage Coasts & their Watersheds Establish strong partnerships among stakeholders 13

14 Ecosystem-Based, Adaptive Management km 1000 km 100 km 10 km Coastal Flooding Disease Mass Mortalities Habitat Modification ENSO NAO PDO Climate Change Rapid & Repeated Detection of changes Ø over a broad spectrum of time-space scales 1 km 100 m 10 m Harmful Algal Events Changes In Fish Harvest Land-Use Practices Propagation of Change Timely Predictions of such changes hour day week month year decade century Tune the flow of environmental data & information to the Time scales on which decisions should be made 12 WE DO NOT HAVE THIS CAPABILITY TODAY 14

15 Why? Cultural divides Engaging both data providers & users in design, implementation, operation & improvement of IOOS Inefficient, ineffective data management Data lost or not accessible Time required to acquire, process & analyze data of known quality Under sampling in time, space & ecological complexity Inputs to coastal ecosystems poorly quantified Lack of long term, high resolution time series Lack of synoptic measurements of physical, chemical & biological properties & processes Lack of capacity for rapid data acquisition & analysis Remote & Autonomous in situ sensing & real time telemetry of geological, biological & chemical properties Operational models for assimilating & analyzing data with speed & skill 15

16 The IOOS Architecture 16

17 The Integrated Ocean Observing System End to End Multi Disciplinary Multi Scale 17

18 U.S. IOOS Multi Scale Hierarchy of Observations Global Ocean Climate Component GOOS/GCOS H Isl NW Low High Resolution C Cal Coastal Ocean Component GoA S Cal GLs Regional Observing Systems National Backbone NE Carrib MAB Go Mex SE 18

19 Inter Disciplinary Coastal Phenomena of Interest Globally ubiquitous, Local Expressions of Large Scale Changes Climate, Marine Ops, Natural Hazards Ø Surface currents, waves Ø Sea level, Temperature, Salinity Ø Coastal flooding & erosion Public Health Risks Ø Seafood contamination Ø Waterborne pathogens Ecosystem Health & LMRs Ø Loss of habitat, Biodiversity Ø Nutrient pollution, Anoxia Ø HABs, Invasive species Ø Mass mortalities Ø Chemical contamination Ø Declines in living resources Ø Aquaculture production 19 19

20 The Global Module 20

21 Global Component of the Observing Subsystem Integrate Remote & In Situ Sensing An International Collaboration 21

22 Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in support of the U.N. Framework Convention for Climate Change Recommended for implementation by the Tenth Conference of Parties in Buenos Aires in December 2004 Integration of satellite and in situ observations collected by operational and research groups to be synthesized into information products. 22

23 The ocean component of this observing system is developed with broad objectives Monitoring and detection of climate change Seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction Marine and weather forecasts Short-range ocean forecasts Understanding decadal variations Support of scientific research Routine ocean state estimation 23

24 Key Actions Full implementation of the surface and subsurface observing networks Designate and support national Agents for Implementation and establish research-operational partnerships Timely, free, unrestricted data exchange and comprehensive data management procedures International standards for metadata for Essential Climate Variables Develop more cost effective two-way communication technologies Develop integrated global climate product needs 24

25 Coordination and Oversight of the global Ocean Component is by the WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology 25

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27 Challenge: Extending the tropical moored buoy network across the Indian Ocean 67% complete CLIVAR/GOOS Initial Indian Ocean moored array design Japan - 2 existing TRITON sites India-USA deployed 4 ATLAS moorings November

28 74% complete 28

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30 GCOS Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations 54% complete 30

31 PX38" AX03" IX10" IX09" IX07" IX08" IX06" IX12" IX21" IX15" IX01" IX22" PX44" PX11" PX02" PX40" PX37" PX10" PX18" PX31" PX04" PX05" PX13" PX17" PX09" PX30" PX06" PX08" PX21" PX81" AX10" AX07" AX20" AX34" AX11" AX29" AX08" AX15" SOOP: January-June 2004 Well sampled Over sampled Partially sampled Under sampled Not sampled HDX Not sampled FRX IX28" PX34" PX36" PX50" AX22" AX18" AX25" Ship-of-Opportunity High Resolution and Frequently Repeated XBT lines 53 % complete XBTs required per year Present drops per 31 year 5663 Additional XBTs needed

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33 Status of Current and Planned Observations The Existing System 17 programs in the Atlantic 9 programs in the Pacific 2 programs in the Indian. 33

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35 35 35% complete

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37 Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (representative milestones) Real-time Stations Initial GCOS Subset Tide Gauges Number of buoys Surface Drifting Buoys Number of moorings Tropical Moored Buoys Argo Floats Reference Stations Ships of Opportunity System Evaluation Arctic System Ocean Carbon Network Dedicated Ship Time High resolution and frequently repeated lines occupied Number of floats 89 Number of observatories, flux, and ocean transport stations 85 Ice buoys, drifting and Moored stations Repeat Sections Committed, One inventory per 10 years Days at sea (NOAA contribution) Product evaluation and feedback loops implemented 54 (NOAA contribution) Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributions Total System System % Complete 37

38 The Coastal Module 38

39 Coastal Component Regional COOSs Regional Associations Responsible Involve private & public sectors Inform Federal Agencies of user needs Enhance the backbone based on user needs Incorporate sub regional systems National Backbone Federal Agencies Responsible EEZ & Great Lakes Core variables required by regions & Federal Agencies Network of sentinel & reference stations Standards/Protocols 39

40 11 Groups Funded to Establish Regional Associations (RAs) ACOOS NANOOS CenCOOS SCCOOS GLOS MACOORA SECOORA NERA PacIOOS GCOOS CaRA 40

41 Coastal Backbone Core Variables Geophysical Ø Sea surface meteorological variables Ø Land Sea Stream flows Ø Sea level Ø Surface waves, currents Ø Ice distribution Ø Temperature, Salinity Ø Bathymetry Biophysical Ø Optical properties Ø Benthic habitats Chemical Ø pco 2 Ø Dissolved inorganic nutrients Ø Contaminants Ø Dissolved oxygen Biological Ø Fish species, abundance Ø Zooplankton species, abundance Ø Phytoplankton species, biomass (ocean color) Ø Waterborne pathogens 41

42 National Backbone Initial Operational Observing Subsystem Remote Sensing EEZ, Great Lakes Ø POES & GOES (NOAA) In Situ Sensing Ø Stream gauge program (USGS) Ø Tide gauge network (NOAA, USGS) Ø Buoy programs (NOAA, Navy) Ø Wave gauge programs (NOAA, Navy, USACE) Ø Hydrographic surveys (NOAA, USGS) Ø Habitat surveys & assessments (NOAA, EPA) Ø Fish stock assessments (NOAA, USGS) Ø Protected resources surveys (NOAA) 42

43 Coastal Component High Priority Research & Pilot Projects Surface current mapping Ø Product: real time surface current maps Ø HF radar, remote & in situ sensing Ø Data assimilation numerical modeling Space based remote sensing Ø Improve chl algorithms for ocean color Ø Increase spatial, temporal, & spectral resolution Ø Sea surface salinity Aircraft remote sensing of near shore environments Ø LIDAR Coupled physical water quality/ecosystem models Ø Ecosystem Based Management Glider development for in situ sensors In situ sensors for core variables Ø Chemical & biological 43

44 Beach Closure/Opening Forecasting A Potential Pilot Project Great Lakes Southern California Bight 44

45 Improving the Accuracy of Beach Closures More rapid detection of pathogens Ø new technologies for in situ, real time measurements Ø e.g., species specific DNA probes combined with PCR techniques More timely forecasts of transport & dilution once introduced Ø Combining in situ measurements & remote sensing Ø Data assimilation: combining observations & models 45

46 The Current Status 46

47 Summary: Current Status 1 st Annual IOOS Development Plan Ø Global ocean climate component being implemented Ø Initial backbone in place Ø Sub regional coastal ocean observing systems funded Ø DMAC Plan completed Regional groups funded to Ø Form Regional Associations Ø Engage User Groups: Public & Private Sectors Ø Establish RCOOSs Government support Ø Current Funding: ~ $ 125 M Ø Executive order Ø Legislation in Congress to Authorize Additional Funding 47

48 Engaging the Private Sector 48

49 Engaging Private Sectors in IOOS Development Two convergent, interdependent approaches Ø Regional: Focus on involving private sectors, NGOs, and state agencies early in the development of RCOOSs Regional Associations Establish & Maintain User Forums Conduct Regional Workshops, e.g., Houston 2004 Ø National: Focus on serving data & information to attract the interest of private sectors & stimulate product development Industry Days Annual IOOS Implementation Conference to formulate & update the IOOS Development Plan 49

50 Thank You IOC GOOS: ioc.unesco.org/goos/ GCOOS: 50