SOCI 360 Fall 2014 Prof Reymers. Final Exam Review. Dear People:

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1 SOCI 360 Fall 2014 Prof Reymers Final Exam Review Dear People: I have, below, copied your assignment from last week into a 20-page review sheet. For those whose names do not appear, I did not receive the assignment. This document may operate as a kind of peer review as well as an exam review. I have not altered your answers or made any corrections, and therefore cannot vouch for the veracity of the content however, upon my own review, it appears that most of the content is valid. I can promise you this: I will be taking questions from your review sheets in almost exactly the same wording to create the final exam, so this review sheet should replicate the body of knowledge you should be familiar with for the exam. Of course, you will want to review the notes and the actual readings to be sure you are the most familiar with the ideas directly presented therein. You may summarize any of this or other information on the front and back of an index card no larger than 4x6 inches in area. Thank you, Prof Reymers Have a safe and happy holiday!

2 Andrea Ray Review Questions 1. What three periods can the labor movement be broken down into? a. Era of Union Opposition b. Era of Union Support c. Era of Union Stabilization 2. What is neo-liberalism? Neo-Liberalism involves the use of classical liberal and political philosophy. The same that supported the end of dynastic regimes around the world. To prop up global corporations and cede government functions increasingly to private business. 3. What is the WTO? The WTO stands for the World Trade Organization. It is an organization is run by the richer and more powerful states. Mixture of liberation and protectionism to ensure the wealth and power of the people who run it. 1:09 4. What are the three major events related to the civil rights movement? Emmet Tills Murder: He whistled at a white women which meant he broke the Jim Crow laws. Two white men brutally beat him to death. The Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on the bus. This was only a few weeks after Emmet Tills murder. She was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white person. She is known for this and this made her famous. The Freedom Rides: It was all about segregation in traveling they law didn t want that to happen so they banned in. Then in May 1961 the Congress of Racial Equality sends these mixed race people into Dixie 5. What is environmentalism? What is ecology? Environmentalism is all forms of collective behavior that in their discourse and in their practice, aim at correcting destructive form of relationship between human action and its natural environment, in opposition to the prevailing logic. Ecology is a set of beliefs, theories, and projects that consider humankind as a component of a broader ecosystem and wish to maintain the system s balance into a dynamic, evolutionary perspective. 6. Have networks helped or hurt the way social movements have been created over the years? Networks have both helped and hurt the way that social movements have been created over the years. Social movements can be created faster and easier through

3 networks then how they used to be created. This is how networks have helped social movements by making it easier to spread the word about something. Always being able to have a network at your fingertips. 7. What is Atomization? This refers to people who are isolated from each other and feeling powerless in their society. Most people refer to this today as alienation.

4 Lindsey Young 1. Question: Answer: What was the U.S. Labor movement a response to? In the U.S., the Labor Movement was a response to intense industrialization during and after the Civil War. The labor movement in the United States grew out of the need to protect the common interest of workers. For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired. 2. Question: Answer: What are the three types of Global Justice movements? Aspirational: actors (usually subjects or residents) see change as necessary to remediate inequality; example: the Zapatistas (is a revolutionary leftist political and militant group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico) Altruistic: relatively more powerful citizens attempt to aid aspirational actors; example: Subcomandante Marcos (main ideologist and spokesman of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation) Restrictionist: actors attempt to strengthen the (often unequal) status quo; example: PRI-led paramilitary groups ( Ever since the indigenous peasants in Chiapas rose up in the Zapatista rebellion on Jan. 1, 1994, the PRI-led government of Mexico has responded with brutality. The PRI, the so-called Party of the Institutionalized Revolution, has led Mexico with an iron hand for decades on end)

5 3. Question: Answer: Name 3 Civil Rights Movements and what they were about. The Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and is arrested. Parks' arrest inspires black leaders to mount a bus boycott. The boycott was organized by several civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. It lasted until December 1956 when the Supreme Court finally made the decision to integrate the bus system. Violence erupted targeting civil rights leaders and boycott organizers. The Freedom Rides. The Supreme Court banned segregation on interstate travel twice, but Southern states ignore these rulings. In May 1961, the Congress of Racial Equality sends mixed-race groups of non-violent volunteers, known as Freedom Riders, on bus trips into Dixie. They are met with resistance, violence, and even arrested despite the effort of Attorney General Robert Kennedy to protect the riders. The Freedom Riders eventually win their battle when President Kennedy convinces the Interstate Commerce Commission to ban segregation on interstate travel. The March On Washington. On August 28, 1963 more than 200,000 people gather in peace and unity on the National Mall. Martin Luther King stands before the Lincoln Memorial to deliver his speech. "I have a dream," he declares, "that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character..." Though the March on Washington is a triumph, it does not distinguish the violence targeted at the movement. 4. Question: Answer: Name what type of members made up the Grassroots party, what they opposed and one way that they used the media to support their cause and spread their message New York Resists Interconnection Is a committed group of citizens, land owners, business people, environmentalists and people who oppose the power project planned for the Central NY region by NY Regional Interconnection. They used a website whose aim was to accurate and

6 objective information about the project and to provide an opposing point of view. They used the internet and this website to encourage others to contact legislators in order to sign their petition against NYRI. 5. Question: Answer: Explain Environmentalism vs. Ecology Environmentalism: All forms of collective behavior that, in their discourse and in their practice, aim at correcting destructive form of relationship between human action and its natural environment, in opposition to the prevailing structural and institutional logic. Ecology: A set of beliefs, theories, and projects that consider humankind as a component of a broader ecosystem and wish to maintain the system s balance in a dynamic, evolutionary perspective. 6. Question Answer: What is Neo-Liberalism? Neo-liberalism involves the use of classical liberal political philosophy (primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government) the same that supported (and continues to support) the end of ruling governments around the world (i.e. the philosophy of liberty, or individual freedom) - to prop up global corporations and surrender government functions increasingly to private business. * Neo-liberalism is completely affiliated with late modern capitalism (in the second half of the 20 th century) and fully emerged in the 1990s after many former socialist nations collapsed under the weight of their government controlled economies.

7 Tieraney Berger Review questions 1. What are three types of social justice movements? Aspirational: subjects or denizens seek change, and see it as necessary to correct inequality; one example of this type of movement is the Zapatistas. Altruistic: citizens who have more power help subjects or denizens to accomplish their aspirational movements. Restrictionist: actors attempt to reinforce the unequal status quo. 2. Four ideal types of leadership often exist in movements, what are the roles of these four types of leaders? Formal Leader: the most visible member/spokesperson of movement they often are the face and give the speeches. Ex. Martin Luther king Leadership Team: those who organize the immediate leadership, often occupy secondary formal positions. Bridge Leaders: neighborhood and community organizers who mediate between top leadership and followers, main role occurs during crisis. Organizers: build connections between members of local movement and develop organizations, and join in leadership activity. 3. What is one type of environmental movement and what is their goal? One environmental movement is green peace or saving the planet, this movement s goal is sustainability, for the earth and its resources. 4. Name one civil rights movement and how it changed society. The March on Washington (Aug 1963) for jobs and freedom. More than 200,000 people gather in peace on the Lincoln memorial. Martin Luther King stands to deliver his speech. This movement was organized to shed light on the political and social challenges African Americans continued to face for racial justice and equality. 5. What is the difference between process patent and product patent? Why does Chomsky say both patents put into place? A product patent is the ownership on a good or product, a process patent is the ownership of how/ the process of how the product or good is made (Intellectual property). Both patents are used according to Chomsky to protect product innovation, and the profit that are controlled by the corporations of the US instead of freely.

8 Ibrahim Muya SOCI 360 Review Questions December 4, 2014 What are the four ways that the discontent can be reduced? 1. People can blame themselves for the shortfall, which lowers their expectations and therefore, it reduces the dissonance. 2. People can psychologically discount the blockage, which means they can convince themselves that patience or hard work will allow them to achieve their desired goals. 3. People can change their personal situation like believing that they will never achieve their ambitions in a small town they may move to a bigger city. 4. Last but not least, if people do not engage in any of the first three they come to believe that their problems are structural rather than personal. What are the four characteristics of the swarm systems? 1. The absence of imposed centralized control 2. The autonomous nature of sub-units 3. The high connectivity between the sub-units 4. The webby non-linear causality of peers influencing peers. What are the four major themes of the meaning of greening, societal Issues and the Ecologist s Challenge? Explain each. 1. An ambiguous, deep connection with science and technology: In one hand there is distrust of the goodness of advance of technology and the other hand they relies on the information about interaction between man-made products and the environment. 2. Environmentalism is a science-based movement: Science revels the truth hidden by different societies Environmental aims at retaking social control before science and technology Example: Machines and industrialization 3. Struggles over structural transformation are tantamount to fighting for historical redefinition of the two fundamental, material expressions of society: space and time. Two spatial logics: - Space of flows Allows social practices from a distance, ex: information, internet or telecommunication - Space of places

9 The privileges social interaction and institutional organization on the basis of physical contiguity. 4. The control over time is at stake in the network society: Three forms of Times: Clock time- Human behavior to a predetermined schedule Timeless time- instant wars or split second transactions. Glacial time- the relations between humans and nature is very long-term and evolutionary. Measuring time by generation not by years. The creation of new identity: The culture of human species as a component of nature, instead of identifying ourselves as nation. Who are the Zapatistas? They were peasants, most of them Indians, tzeltales, tzotziles, and choles, generally from the communities established since the 1940s in the Lacandon rainforest, on the Guatemalan border. How the communication strategy of the Zapatistas did became success? Because they created a media event in order to diffuse their message, while desperately trying not to be brought into a bloody war. Why do you think that these important global changes happen back in the 1920s? They happen because diverse social movements struggled to create constitutional governments in colonial and postcolonial settings, because social movements fought to democratize the republics, and because social movements labored to expand citizenship within the republics.

10 James Ladd SOCI What was the different paths that emerged between social workers and unions after WWII? Social workers took the progressivism path which catered to a variety of concerns from the population. Labor unions took the populist approach where as they attentive to members concerns. 2. What is a network society? A network society refers to the social political and cultural changes that occurred due to the advances in technology and communication. Providing a network for people to communicate and do business with each other without actually meeting in person. 3. What are the characteristics of a mass movement? More attention is paid to national events rather than local, favors activism over diplomacy, they are unstable, and organized around a program with purpose. 4. What are Leibniz s and Innis s philosophies of time and space? Clock time which is a characteristic of industrialism, time less time which is a characteristic of dominant processes in our societies and glacial time is the relation between humans and nature is very long-term and evolutionary. 5. What was the significance of the march on Washington? The march on Washington was when Americans marched to the Lincoln memorial to hear the famous speech I HAVE A DREAM. This was one of Martin Luther King s famous motivational speeches.

11 Gloria Kovarnik December 5, 2014 Soci 360 Review questions for final exam Week 8 question 1) Several themes emerged from this exploratory look at new forms of unionization among social workers, what are they? A) increased political power B) enhanced fringe benefits C) Perceived staff support D) obstacles to union activity. Week 9 question 2) Three types of Social Movements emerged: Aspiring, Altruistic and Restrictionist. These movements have defined the field of social movement around the world during the past two hundred years, describe them: A) Aspiring Movement-Aspiring Movement debated whether it was best to adopt nonviolent practices or use violence to make change. B) Altruistic Movement- Altruistic Movement applies evidence and reason to determine the most effective ways to improve the world as good a place as it can be. C) Restrictionist Movement- fought to resist and reverse social change. Restrictionist violence to protect their own liberty and deny it to others. Week 10 question 3) What is the World Trade Organization ( WTO)? The WTO ia an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. It s the only global international

12 organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. Week 11 question 4) What was Jo Freeman s role in Social Movement activism during her college years? Jo Freeman was a Civil Rights activist at Berkeley. Civil rights movement became an intellectual as well as political compulsion. She read everything that she could find and delved further into history to read about the abolitionists. Week 12 question 5) What was Professor Reymers story The Country and the Grassroots Movement about? This story social movement was about stopping a 200 mile electrical power transmission line with in a large rural area of New York State. Week 13 question 6) What is Fluoridation? Addition of fluorides (often Sodium Monoflurphospate) to drinking water, aimed at lowering tooth decay rate of general population. Week 14 question 7) What is Relative Deprivation Theory? It s a view social change and movement, according to which people take action for social change in order to acquire something (opportunities, wealth) that others possess and which they believe they should have.

13 Touza Louis Extra Credit Political economics of social movements 1) How are current labor movements and labor movements of the past similar and different? Current labor movements are similar in the sense that they are still fighting for higher wages and fair treatment within the workplace. The aim of current labor movements often involves a new establishment of minimum wage workers within the country. Though these labor movements differ in several ways, one of which is unlike previous labor movements, focus on self-actualization and other personnel related benefits. More workers are concern with health care benefits and the ability for more time off than previous movements. Political economics of social movements 1) List 3 things that resulted from the labor movement. a) Labor unions b) Minimum wage c) Child labor laws Globalization and Social Movements 2) Civil unrest between the people of boliva and the bolivian government/bictel organization occurred due to? A) Increase of taxes B) Police brutality C) Under paid workers D) Privatization of Water Race, Gender and Social Movements 3) List one major event that helped ignite the civil right movement and how. One major event that helped spark the civil rights movement was the death of young teen Emmit Till. Due to already high tension between whites and blacks the death of Emmitt Till due to a cat call aimed at a white woman quickly became the tipping point for the black community. Setting into motion the civil rights movement and bringing about a new social movement. Environment and Social movements 4) The documentary A Fierce Green Fire takes a look at what? It takes a look at different social movements throughout different decades. Starting with the 1960s and closing with modern day social movements. It also takes a look at how these

14 movements started from grassroots backgrounds and evolved to their current forms that we see today. High Technology and Social movements 5) How is technology changing social movements as we know them? Technology allows us to communicate and share information on a level that has never existed before. Allowing us to be in contact with thousands of people in real time, this has never been present before. It is also changing all forms of bridging as we know it with the introduction of technology. Technology makes social movements as a concept easier to conduct, be a part of, and spread, making social movements an even more accessible concept through the utilization of technology. Democracy, Social Movements, and Community Change 6) What technique can we utilize to rethink a transformative goal and how? One technique is the use of collaboration. Using collaboration a social movement can unify different regions and even countries. Much of today s societies are technologically driven so using that as a platform we can use collaboration as a means to rethink or reiterate transformative goals much easier than previously.

15 Kristina Graves 1) What are the 3 eras that the labor movement is broken down into? - Era of Union Opposition, , Era of Union Support , and Era if Union Stabilization ) What does the term globalization justice movement refer to? And what is neo-liberalization? - many movements, including those which stand for economic rights, lands rights, indigenous rights, rights to political autonomy (self-control), and similar refrains coming from all who are opposed to the policies and actions of neo-liberalism. Neo-liberalism involves the use of classical liberal political philosophy the same that supported (and continues to support) the end of dynastic regimes around the world (i.e. the philosophy of liberty, or individual freedom to prop up global corporations and cede government functions increasingly to private business. 3) List and describe 2 major events that occurred in the Civil Right Movement. - Emmit Till Murder: Emmett Till was an African American teenager visiting his uncle in Mississippi. He was accused of whistling at a white women in a grocery store. Three days later he was brutally murdered and his killers were found not guilty in the court of law. The same men accused later admitted their guilt but were safe from being tried twice for the same crime. - March to Selma: On March 7, demonstrators start a 54-mile march in response to an activist's murder. They are protesting his death and the unfair state laws and local violence that keep African Americans from voting. Roughly 525 peaceful marchers are violently assaulted by state police near Selma. 4) What is Houston National Woman's Conference? It was the National Plan of Action that called for ratification of the ERA, free choice in abortion, extension of social security benefits to housewives, elimination of all discrimination against lesbians, federal and state-funded programs for victims of child abuse and for education in rape prevention, & state supported shelters for wives physically abused by husbands. The one-third of the 1,800 delegates who were women of color drafted the "minority women" plank that emphasized an end to racism, sterilization abuse, high infant and maternal mortality, ghettoized housing and the lack of health services. Criticized white, middle-class feminists for focusing on issues of professional employment and development and overlooking their own racism and issues of economic survival that most women dealt with. 5) What is environmentalism? -Environmentalism is all forms of collective behavior that, in their discourse and in their practice, aim at correcting destructive form of relationship between human action and its natural environment, in opposition to the prevailing structural and institutional logic.

16 Mandy Ingstrum Q&A for Final Exam Week 8 Q: How did the formation of labor unions effect jobs and worker identity? A: Labor unions made it possible for workers to participate in collective bargaining, and ask for raises without being in danger of losing their job to someone willing to work for less. In professions such as teaching and nursing where education was necessary, the ability to negotiate wages was important to the worker. Also, labor unions strengthened worker s identity, making them feel as though they were in a profession rather than just a worker. It brought together people pf the same profession and made them a group that could work together to gain better wages and/or working conditions etc. Week 9 Q: What is an Aspiring Movement? Give example. A: An Aspiring Movement is when those lowest on the totem-pole seek to change the inequalities forced on them by state officials or higher authorities. These are the people that under a dictatorship, seek Democracy like the Sinn Fein and the Indian National Congress, as noted by Robert Schaeffer, as well as Communist china fought to create a republic. Week 10 Q: Who is Globalization good for? Who is it bad for? Why? A: Globalization is good for big businesses because it allows them to outsource labor to third world countries, where people work for $.25 an hour for hours a day, instead of hiring in American where there are labor laws that must be followed regarding minimum wage and maximum hours. Globalization is bad for the American people, as well as the countries that businesses are outsourcing to. It is bad for Americans because it takes jobs and money away from our country, and it is bad for the countries that are being outsourced to because these are the only jobs available to them, and they don t get paid enough for their living expenses and they have harsh long hours that they must work to get paid so little. Week 11 Q: Name and describe three events that lead to and took place during the Civil Rights Movement. A: 1. Emmitt Till s Murder: An African American boy was beat to death after allegedly whistling at a white girl. His mother held an open-casket wake so people could see what had been so wrongfully done to her son. 2. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refused to give her seat up on the bus and was arrested. This lead to the Bus Boycott, where African Americans refused to ride the bus. 3. March on Washington: This march was from Birmingham to Washington D.C. and it ended in the famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream

17 Week 12 Q: What is the difference between Ecology and Environmentalism? A: Ecology is the belief or theory that sees humankind as a part of the ecosystem and should try to maintain the systems balance, or homeostasis, while Environmentalism is the action of correcting the destruction of the environment done by humans and trying to get humans to take care of the environment they need to survive. While they are similar in essence, ecology is a theory, and environmentalism is the practice of that theory. Week 13: Q: What are the pros and cons of the use of technology and social networks in relation to social movements? A: Todays technology can be a good thing in relation to social movements because it allows information and ideas to travel faster than ever before, but they can also be a bad thing because it doesn t motivate, or inspire the same kind of action. It is possible to join a social movement through social networking sites such as facebook, but when it comes to being put into physical action or mobilization, it is less likely that it gets seen through by its followers. Week 14 Q: What is a free-rider and how might one go about converting a free-rider to a contributing member of a movement? A: A free-rider is someone who will benefit if the movement succeeds, but they have no involvement with the movement whatsoever. Ways to convert a free-rider into a contributing member of the movement may be by convincing them that the movement needs their help to succeed, explaining to them that they only stand to benefit from the movement if it succeeds, offering them money, perhaps a paid position within the movement, by offering them the chance to be able to gain status with the movement, or according to Oberschall, you could use force or guilt to persuade them.

18 Melissa DeHoff 1. what did mark theorize was the cause of the problems within society? Marx viewed the inequalities between social classes as the struggle and injustice in society. once the united states became industrialized the factory owners became very wealthy while their workers still struggled to get by ever increasing the gap between wealthy and poor. his theory became known as the conflict theory. 2. Explain the motivation for the occupy wall street movement the motivation for the occupy wall street movement was the vast socioeconomic gap between the wealthy and the poor. the top 1% of rich Americans help 35% of the nations wealth. the top 5% held 60% of the nations wealth, and the top 20% held 80% of the nations wealth. The slogan for the movement was "we are the 99%". 3. How did Bectel keep control over the privatization of water in Bolivia? First they made an agreement with the government as part of the negotiations with the united nations. Once implemented there were penalties for citizens who tried to abstain from purchasing private water. If you did not pay your water bill the company could have you arrested and you could have your home seized and auctioned off. Collecting rain water was also made illegal. 4. what made the Zapatistas movement successful? This movement was made successful due to their use of technology mainly social media. They used the internet to get their message out there and raise awareness. If they hadnt gotten the attention of the media the government would have easily quelled the movement and silenced the protesters. 5.Briefly describe the 3 waves of feminism: the 1st wave of feminism was focused on economic issues and the right to vote. the second wave focused on womens reproductive rights, and the third wave focused on the reaction to cultural back lash against feminism. 6. What made Stop NYRI unique when it came to movements against power companies and what made this movement possible? The simple fact that this movement saw victory made it unique. In the history of movements against the larger power companies the companies always won in the long run. The victory was made possible by raising awareness, getting local and state government involved, earning the money to hire the lawyer to represent the cause and taking in to the court system with the grievances of the people a well as the use of social media to raise awareness.

19 Packard Y. Haynes SOCI 360 Review Sheet 12/04/14 Review Sheet for Exam 2 Political Economics of Social Movements: Q: What was the development of the labor movement a response to and how was it influential to future social movements? A: The development of the labor movement was a response to industrialization that occurred both before and after the civil war. The industry and the corporations had such a strong hold on politics and the economy that there were no regulations against the working conditions. As a result people organized to force the regulation of worker rights and fair wage. This movement allowed people to see the potential of unionizing and organizing against a more powerful opposition. Globalization and Social Movements: Q: Explain Neoliberalism by how it has affected other nations. A: Neoliberalism is an economic and political force that installs private corporations into collapsing nations in order to take advantage of vulnerable resources. These companies are installed under the guise of economic restoration or the installation of democratic governments in replacement of previous dictators. Race, Gender and Social Movements: Q: How have women and women s movements played a part in the global justice movement? A: In many developing countries or poor urban area of the word women have taken the role of community organization and action. Many women were responsible for creating and running communal kitchens which continue to be the only hot spots for community action and education in many parts of the world. Women s movements are also key in that they are the first to expose power dynamics within social institutions and economic structures, specifically with gender impacts and discrimination. Environment and Social Movements: Q: How is media (both social and public) useful for the expansion of environmental movements? A: Media provides an outlet for protesters to express their ills about the dangers of industrial advancement. It allows for protestors to show the world what dangers they are fighting and may convince others to join. It also provides an unregulated space for protestors to convene and organize. High Technology and Social Movements: Q: What is Netwar and why is it so threatening to its opposition? A: Netwar is a method of using social networks, communication technology, and interactive media (by criminals and activists alike) attuned to the information age for the use of mass organization and

20 coordination. This is so dangerous to opposition because it allows for people to organize secretly and in an unregulated space. It allows agents to coordinate anonymously and provides them with the power of surveillance. Democracy, Social Movements, and Community Change: Q: What does it mean to rethink violation? A: in response to the persistent rape culture that exists in our world we are constantly in the negative when it comes to thinking about sex and sexual assault. The idea is to apply a more positive perception about sex and violation. Like instead of no means no a more positive concept would be Yes means yes. Reaffirming the idea that permission must be granted not go until you hear no. Also the idea is that idealizing pleasure will bring us closure to solving the problem.

21 Susan Miner SOCI 360/Fall Extra Credit/Review Questions for Exam December 4, 2014 Political Economics of Social Movements 1) What and when were the three major periods of the labor movement? What was the Fair Labor Standard Act (1938) responsible for? Answer: Era of Union Opposition ( ), Era of Union Support ( ), Era of Union Stabilization ( ). Fair Labor Standard Act was responsible for introducing the 40 hour workweek, time and a half for overtime, minimum wage; prohibit employment of minors, and 8- hour workday. Globalization and Social Movements 2) What is Neoliberalism and what is important to the neoliberal policies? Answer: Neoliberalism has their own ideology of the laissez-faire economic viewpoint and favor: Privatization - the transfer of ownership, property or business from the government to the private sector. Deregulation - the process of removing or reducing state regulations. Protectionism the theory or practice of shielding a country s domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. Corporate Welfare government support or subsidy of private business, such as by tax incentives. WTO, IMF, World Bank global institutions that control how wealth is distributed internationally.

22 Race, Gender and Social Movements 3) Jo Freeman describes two branches of women s movements. What does she say about these two branches and what they did? Answer: Freeman s 1973 dissertation analyzed two branches of the women s movement. She claims that they were separated more by generation and experience than by ideology. The younger branch was started by women with experience in civil rights, anti-war, new left student activism. The older branch was founded by women who were members of Presidents commission on the status of women. The latter branch (older branch) gave rise to organizations as the National Organization for Women and the Women s Equality Action League. Environment and Social Movements 4) Name and describe Alain Touraine s characteristics of the Typology of Environmental Movements social movements. Answer: Identity: nature lovers, local community, the green self, internationalist eco-warriors, concerned citizens. Adversary: uncontrolled development, polluters, industrialism, technocracy, and patriarchalism, unfettered global development, political establishment. Goal: wilderness, quality of life/health, ecotopia, sustainability, counter-power. High Technology and Social Movements 5) According to Castells, Mazur, and Rheingold, what are their views on technology and social movements?

23 Answer: Castells neither technology determines society nor does society script the course of technological change. Mazur overall technological controversies serve a positive role by raising a set of issues that otherwise might be unnoticed. Rheingold the impact of smart mob technology already appear to be both beneficial and destructive, used by some to support democracy and by others to coordinate terrorist attacks. Democracy, Social Movements and Community Change 6) Name and briefly describe the 4 theories to explain why social movements are different from other forms of collective behavior. Answer: Mass Society Theory A huge/mass society that want the same ideas and lifestyle. They depend on each other, can t think for themselves, and participate in movements that operate outside of and against the social order. Relative Deprivation Theory More broad and more general theory than Mass Society Theory, they focus on the psychological reasoning behind the decision to form or join a social movement, such as feeling deprived of food, clothing, or shelter. Resource Mobilization Theory They focus on the social processes that make a movement to form and succeed. They pay more attention to political and economic factors. Political Process Theory Similar to Resource Mobilization Theory in wanting to help movements to form and succeed, yet they allow ordinary citizens to form their own social movements in opposition to the dominant society.