INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

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1 MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Department of International Relations Faculty of Social Sciences South Asian University New Delhi , India INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Course Details Compulsory, 4 Credits Classroom Hours: 11 am 1pm (Tues & Thurs) Contact Hours: TBC Instructor Details Soumita Basu Room 221, Akbar Bhawan sbasu@sau.ac.in COURSE DESCRIPTION This course examines the nature and scope of international organisations (IOs), specifically against the backdrop of this era of global governance. It provides both the historical context as well as an introduction to the relevant theoretical approaches in International Relations for a nuanced understanding of the same. Building on introductory discussions on IOs, the course familiarizes students with internal politics of the United Nations system, which is the focus of this course, as well as practices and processes that link this intergovernmental organization to regional organizations, nongovernmental organizations and other international institutions and agencies, including the World Trade Organization, the International Criminal Court and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Recognizing this network of power is fundamental to understanding contemporary international relations. The second half of the course assesses the work of IOs in contemporary world politics. Four key thematic areas of global governance are considered: peace and security; trade, finance and development; human rights and justice; and, the environment. Questions of authority, legitimacy, responsibility as well as policy coordination run through these discussions. Finally, the course looks at the oft-times fraught relationships of developing countries with institutions of global governance. While seeking to eschew simplistic North-South dichotomies, it nevertheless highlights the matrices of power, which organise the international. METHOD OF EVALUATION Students will be evaluated during the semester on the basis of the following criteria: Mid-semester examination- 20% End-semester examination- 30% Panel presentation 20% Term Paper 30% Soumita Basu 1

2 COURSE STRUCTURE Unit I: Introduction Unit description The introductory unit lays out the historical scope of international organisations, and offers theoretical approaches such as rational choice theory, constructivism, regime theory employed in the field. Specifically, it highlights questions of power, authority and legitimacy of international organisations in world politics, particularly in relation to global governance. 1. Historical Evolution Archer, Clive (2001), International Organizations, 3 rd Edition, London: Routledge, Chapters 1. Armstrong, David, Lorna Lloyd and John Redmond (2004), International Organisation in World Politics, 3 rd Edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chapters 1-5. Claude Jr., Inis L. (1984), Swords into Plowshares: The Problems and Progress of International Organisation, 4th Ed. New York (NY), Random House. Shanks, Cheryl, Harold Jacobson, and Jeffrey Kaplan (1996), Inertia and Change in the Constellation of International Governmental Organizations, , International Organization 50(4): Sud, Usha (1983), Decolonization to World Order: International Organizations and the Emerging Pattern of Global Interdependence, New Delhi: National. Karns, Margaret P. and Karen A. Mingst (2009), International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance, 2 nd Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, Chapter 3. Kennedy, Paul (2006), The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations, New York: Random House, Chapter 1. MacKenzie, David (2010), A World Beyond Borders: An Introduction to the History of International Organizations, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Chapters 1 and 2. Mazower, Mark (2009), No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Soumita Basu 2

3 Origins of the United Nations, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Schlesinger, Stephen S. (2003), Act of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations, Boulder: Westview Press. 2. Theoretical Approaches Archer, Clive (2012), Theories of International Organization, in B. S. Chimni and Siddharth Mallavarapu (eds.), International Relations: Perspectives for the Global South, New Delhi: Pearson. Hurd, Ian (2011), Theorizing International Organizations: Choices and Methods in the Study of International Organizations, Journal of International Organizations Studies 2(2): Abbott, Kenneth W. and Duncan Snidal (1998), Why States Act Through Formal International Organizations, Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(1): Axelrod, Robert and Robert O. Keohane (1985), Achieving Cooperation Under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions, World Politics 38 (1): Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore (1999), The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations, International Organization 53(4): Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore (2005), The Power of Liberal International Organizations, in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Keohane, Robert O. (1998), International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work? Foreign Policy, 110: Mearsheimer, John J. (1995), The False Promise of International Institutions", International Security, 19(3): Nuruzzaman, Mohammed (2008), Liberal Institutionalism and International Cooperation after 11 September 2001, International Studies, 45(3): Volgy, T. J. et al (2010), Identifying Formal International Organizations, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Soumita Basu 3

4 Whitworth, Sandra (1994), Feminism and International Relations: Towards a Political Economy of Gender in Interstate and Non-Governmental Institutions, New York: St. Martin s Process, Chapter Power in Global Governance Barnett, Michael and Raymond Duvall (2005), Power in Global Governance, in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Karns, Margaret P. and Karen A. Mingst (2009), International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance, 2 nd Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, Chapter 1. Abrahamsen, Rita and Michael C. Williams (2009), Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics, International Political Sociology, 3(1): Arts, Bas (2003), Non-State Actors in Global Governance Three Faces of Power, Working Paper, Bonn: Mack-Planck-Projektgruppe Recht der Gemeinschaftsgüter [Online: web] URL: Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore (2004), Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics, Chapter 1, 2 and 6. Holzscheiter, Anna (2005) Discourse as Capability: Non-State Actors Capital in Global Governance, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 33(3): Mathews, Jessica T. (1997), Power Shift, Foreign Affairs, 76(1): Woods, Ngaire (2002), Global Governance and the Role of Institutions, in Anthony McGrew and David Held (eds.), Governing globalization: Power, Authority and Global Governance, Cambridge: Polity. Unit II: Processes and Practices Unit description This unit examines the processes and practices that constitute the work of international organizations, especially the United Nations (quite often mistaken to be a monolithic Soumita Basu 4

5 entity). In recognition of the complex networks that define contemporary global governance, issues such as compliance, accountability, cooperation and coordination that emerge from the engagement between various international actors are also discussed. 4. The United Nations Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore (2004), Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics, Itacha: Cornell University Press, Chapter 2. Weiss, Thomas G. (2009), What s Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix It, Malden, MA: Polity, Chapters 4 & 8. United Nations (1945), Charter of the United Nations, [Online: web] URL: Cronin, Bruce The Two Faces of the United Nations: The Tension Between Intergovernmentalism and Transnationalism. Global Governance 8: Grigorescu, Alexandru (2005), Mapping the UN League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to Be Learned from the League? Global Governance, 11(1): Gharekhan, Chinmaya R. (2006), The Horseshoe Table: An Inside View of the UN Security Council, New Delhi: Pearson Longman. Hulton, S. C. (2004), Council Working Methods and Procedure, in David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21 st Century, Boulder: Lynne Reinner. Laurenti, Jeffrey (2007), Financing the United Nations, in Thomas G. Weiss and Sam Daws (eds.), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press. Weiss, Thomas G. and Sam Daws (eds.) (2007), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press, Part III. Wiseman, Geoffrey and Soumita Basu (forthcoming), The United Nations, in Pauline Kerr and Geoffrey Wiseman (eds.), Diplomacy in a Globalizing World: Theories and Practices. New York: Oxford University Press. Soumita Basu 5

6 5. Bargaining and Compliance Steinberg, Richard H. (2002), In the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO, International Organization 56 (2): Tallberg, Jonas (2002), Paths to Compliance: Enforcement, Management, and the European Union, International Organization 56 (3): Chayes, Abram and Antonia Handler Chayes (1993), On Compliance, International Organization 47 (2): Downs, George W., and Michael A. Jones (2002), Reputation, Compliance, and International Law, Journal of Legal Studies 31: 98-S114. Gruber, Lloyd (2000), Ruling the World: Power Politics and the Rise of Supranational Institutions, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Chapter 3. Odell, John S. (2010), Three Islands of Knowledge About Negotiation in International Organizations, Journal of European Public Policy, 17(5): Thompson, Alexander (2006), Coercion Through IOs: The Security Council and the Logic of Information Transmission, International Organization 60 (1): Cooperation and Coordination Hettne, Björn and Fredrik Söderbaum (2006), The UN and Regional Organizations in Global Security: Competing or Complementary Logics? Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(3): Weiss, Thomas G., Tatiana Carayannis, and Richard Jolly (2009), The Third United Nations, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 15 (1): Acharya, Amitav (2007), The Emerging Regional Architecture of World Politics, World Politics, 59: Soumita Basu 6

7 Forman, Shepard and Andrew Greene (2004), Collaborating with Regional Organizations, in David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21 st Century, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. McNamara, Kathleen R. (2010), Constructing Authority in the European Union, in Deborah D. Avant, Matha Finnemore and Susan K. Sell (eds.) Who Governs the Globe?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sidhu, Waheguru Pal Singh (2007), Regional Groups and Alliances, in Thomas G. Weiss and Sam Daws (eds.), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press. Paul, James A. (2004), Working With Nongovernmental Organizations, in David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21 st Century, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Stienstra, Deborah Of Roots, Leaves and Trees: Gender, Social Movements, and Global Governance In Mary K. Meyer and Elisabeth Prügl (eds.) Gender Politics in Global Governance. Oxford, Rowman & Littlefield, Willetts, Peter (2006), The Cardoso Report on the UN and Civil Society: Functionalism, Global Corporatism, or Global Democracy? Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(3): Legitimacy and Accountability Hurd, Ian (1999), Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics, International Organization 53 (2): Reinisch, August (2001), Securing the Accountability of International Organizations, Global Governance, 7 (2): Buchanan, Allen and Keohane, Robert O. (2006), The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions, Ethics & International Affairs 20 (4): Clark, Ian (2003), Legitimacy in a Global Order, Review of International Studies, 23 (S1): Grant, Ruth W. and Robert O. Keohane (2005), Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics, American Political Science Review 99 (1): Soumita Basu 7

8 Grigorescu, Alexandru (2007), Transparency of Intergovernmental Organizations: The Roles of Member States, International Bureaucracies and Nongovernmental Organizations, International Studies Quarterly, 51 (3): Koppell, Jonathan G. S. (2008), Global Governance Organizations: Legitimacy and Authority in Conflict, Journal of Public Administration and Theory, 18(2): Rawski, Frederick (2002), To Waive or Not to Waive: Immunity and Accountability in UN Peacekeeping Operations, Connecticut Journal of International Law, 18(1): Woods, Ngaire (1999), Good Governance in International Organizations, Global Governance 5 (1): Unit III: Global Governance: Thematic Issues Unit description This unit analyses the role, strengths and limitations of international organisations by examining their work in four major thematic areas of global governance: peace and security; trade, finance and development; human rights and justice; and, the environment. The discussions in this unit will be structured around student-led panel discussions on each of the themes. 8. Peace and Security Thakur, Ramesh (2006), The United Nations, Peace and Security, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Chapter 1. Wallensteen, Peter and Birger Heldt (2010), International Peacekeeping: The UN Versus Regional Organizations, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Bellamy, Alex (2010), The Responsibility to Protect and the Problem of Military Intervention, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Bosco, David L. (2009), Five to Rule Them All: The UN Security Council and the Making of the Modern World, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Duffield, Mark (2001), Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Soumita Basu 8

9 Development and Security, London, Zed Books. Haufler, Virginia (2010), Corporations in Zones of Conflict: Issues, Actors, and Institutions, in Deborah D. Avant, Matha Finnemore and Susan K. Sell (eds.) Who Governs the Globe?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Never, Rene de (2010), NATO s International Security Role in the Terrorist Era, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Weiss, Thomas G. and Sam Daws (eds.) (2007), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press, Part V. 9. Trade, Finance and Development Jackson, John H. (2010), The Case of the World Trade Organization, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Scholte, Jan Aart (2002), Governing Global Finance, in Anthony McGrew and David Held (eds.), Governing globalization: Power, Authority and Global Governance, Cambridge: Polity. Thomas, Caroline (2001), Global Governance, Development and Human Security: Exploring the Links, Third World Quarterly, 22(2): Cohen, Benjamin J. (2010), The International Monetary System: Diffusion and Ambiguity, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Gutner, Tamar (2010), When Doing Good Does Not: the IMF and the Millennium Development Goals, in Deborah D. Avant, Matha Finnemore and Susan K. Sell (eds.) Who Governs the Globe?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shaffer, Gregory (2005), Power, Governance and the WTO: A Comparative Institutional Approach, in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thérien, Jean-Philippe and Vincent Pouliot (2006), The Global Compact: Shifting the Politics of International Development? Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(1): Soumita Basu 9

10 Weiss, Thomas G. and Sam Daws (eds.) (2007), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press, Part VII. 10. Human Rights and Justice Nelson, Paul and Ellen Dorsey (2010), New Rights Advocacy in a Global Public Domain, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Chung, Christine H., The Punishment and Prevention of Genocide: The International Criminal Court as a Benchmark of Progress and Need, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Danner, Allison and Erik Voeten (2010), Who is Running the International Criminal Justice System, in Deborah D. Avant, Matha Finnemore and Susan K. Sell (eds.) Who Governs the Globe?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kinsella, Helen (2005), Securing the Civilian: Sex and Gender in the Laws of War, in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kirsch, Philippe (2010), The Role of the International Criminal Court in Enforcing International Criminal Law, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Lebovic, James H. and Erik Voeten (2010), The Cost of Shame: International Organizations and Foreign Aid in the Punishing of Human Rights Violators, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Norchi, Charles (2004), Human Rights: A Global Common Interest, in Jean E. Krasno (ed.) The United Nations: Confronting the Challenges of a Global Society, Boulder, Lynne Reinner. Weiss, Thomas G. and Sam Daws (eds.) (2007), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press, Part VI. Soumita Basu 10

11 11. Environment Esty, Daniel C. (2009), Revitalizing Global Environmental Governance for Climate Change, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 15(4): Young, Oran R. (1989), The Politics of International Regime Formation: Managing Natural Resources and the Environment, International Organization, 43(3): Haas, Peter M. (1993), Epistemic Communities and the Dynamics of International Environmental Co-operation, in Volker Rittberger (ed.), Regime Theory and International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press. Ivanova, Maria (2010), UNEP in Global Environmental Governance: Design, Leadership, Location, Global Environmental Politics, 8(1): Martello, Marybeth Long and Sheila Jasanoff, (2004), Introduction: Globalization and Environmental Governance, in Earthly Politics: Local and Global in Environmental Governance, Cambridge: MIT Press. Martin, Susan (2010), Climate Change, Migration, and Governance, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 16(3): Paterson, Matthew (1997), Institutions for Global Environmental Change, Global Environmental Change, 7(2): Saran, Shyam (2009), Global Governance and Climate Change, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 15(4): Unit IV: International Organisations and the Developing World Unit description The final unit of the course interrogates the claim that international organisations are primarily vehicles of Western interests. It examines the successes and failures of initiatives such as the non-aligned movement at international organisations, specifically the United Nations. Against the backdrop of this assessment, contemporary concerns of both smaller nations as well as emerging powers from the developing world are discussed. Soumita Basu 11

12 12. Historical Experiences Luck, Edward C. (2004), Reforming the United Nations: Lessons from a History in Progress, in Jean E. Krasno (ed.) The United Nations: Confronting the Challenges of a Global Society, Boulder, Lynne Reinner. Muppidi, Himadeep (2005), Colonial and Postcolonial Global Governance, in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fassbender, Bardo (2004), Pressure for Security Council Reform, in David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21 st Century, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Hurd, Ian (2010), Myths of Membership: The Politics of Legitimation in UN Security Council Reform, in Paul F. Diehl and Brian Frederking (eds.), The Politics of Global Governance, 4 th Edition, Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Jackson, Richard L. (1983), The Role of the Non-aligned States in the UN Security Council: A Western Perspective, The Non-Aligned World 1(4): Lipson, Charles (1981), The International Organization of Third World Debt, International Organization, 35(4): Middleton, Neil and Phil O Keefe, (1993), Tears of the Crocodile: From Rio to Reality in the Developing World, London: Pluto. Rajan, M.S., VS Mani, and CSR Murthy (Eds.) (1987) The Nonaligned and the United Nations, New Delhi: South Asian Publishers. Uvin, Peter (1995), Scaling Up the Grass Roots and Scaling Down the Summit: The Relations Between Third World Nongovernmental Organisations and the United Nations, Third World Quarterly, 16(3): Challenges & Opportunities Murthy, CSR (2011), Impact of Nonaligned on Change in International Organizations, Paper Presented at the Panel Discussion on Dynamics of Change in International Organizations, European Congress on World and Global History (London, April 2011), [Online: web] URL: Soumita Basu 12

13 leipzig.de/~eniugh/congress2011/fileadmin/eniugh2011/dokumente/paper_csr_murthy. pdf. Weiss, Thomas G. (2009), What s Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix It, Malden, MA: Polity, Chapters 2 & 6. Alger, Chadwick (2007), Widening Participation, in Thomas G. Weiss and Sam Daws (eds.), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, New York: Oxford University Press. Chesterman, Simon (2008), Globalization Rules: Accountability, Power, and the Prospects for Global Administrative Law, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 14(1): Krasner, Stephen D. (1981), Transforming International Regimes: What the Third World Wants and Why, International Studies Quarterly, 25(1): Morphet, Sally (2004), Multilateralism and the Non-Aligned Movement: What Is the Global South Doing and Where Is It Going?, Global Governance, 10(4): Sassen, Saskia (2002), Governance Hotspots: Challenges We Must Confront in the Post- September 11 World, in Ken Booth and Tim Dunne (eds.) Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Wade, Robert Hunter (2003), What Strategies are Viable for Developing Countries Today? The World Trade Organization and the Shrinking of Development Space, Review of International Political Economy, 10(4): Soumita Basu 13

RPOS/RPAD 583: Global Governance

Professor: Bryan R. Early Class Times: Tuesdays, 5:45 8:35 PM Room: Husted 013 Email: bearly@albany.edu Office Hours: Tuesdays 1:30-2:30 PM Milne 300A Course Description RPOS/RPAD 583: Global Governance