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1 DC /

2 Mary B. Anderson John Prendergast ICRC

3 A B Marc Lindenberg University of Washinton/ CARE USA Withdrawal - 3 -

4 Neutrality Active humanitarianism Mary B. Anderson Clear partisanship www2.odn.ne.jp/kamino I - 4 -

5 ICRC IFRC (UNHCR (UNICEF WFP UNRWA aid and protection (humanity (neutrality) (impartiality) - 5 -

6 Mary B. Anderson (The Collaboration for Development Action John Prendergast (Center of Concern) Alex de Waal (Inter-Africa Group) Andrew Natsios (World Vision) Rony Brauman (Médesin sans Frontière) Joanna Macrae (Oversea Development Institute) Marc Lindernberg (University of Washington/ CARE USA) David Keen (LSE) Hugo Slim (Oxford Brookes University) Mark Duffield (University of Birmingham) Larry Minear (Tufts University/ Humanitarianism and War Project) Thomas G. Weiss (The City University of New York) African Rights (Organization). Humanitarianism Unboud? London: African Rights, Rwanda : Death, Despair, and Defiance. Rev. ed. London: African Rights, Somalia : Human Rights Abuses by the United Nations Forces. London: African Rights, Somalia : Operation Restore Hope : A Preliminary Assessment. London: African Rights, 1993 Anderson, Mary B. "Development and the Prevention on Humanitarian Emergencies." In Humanitarianism across Borders : Sustaining Civilians in Times of War, edited by Thomas George Weiss and Larry Minear, Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, Do No Harm : How Aid Can Support Peace-or War. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, ""You Save My Life Today, but for What Tomorrow?" : Some Moral Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid." In Hard Choices : Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Jonathan Moore, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, Anderson, Mary B., and Peter J. Woodrow. "Reducing Vulnerability to Drought and Famine - Developmental Approaches to Relief." Disasters 15, no. 1 (1991): Rising from the Ashes : Development Strategies in Times of Disaster. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Barber, Ben. "Feeding Refugees, or War? : The Dilemma of Humanitarian Aid." Foreign Affairs 76, no. 4 (1997): Belgrad, Eric A., and Nitza Nachmias, eds. The Politics of International Humanitarian Aid Operations. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, Brauman, Rony, and Philippe Petit. Humanitaire, Le Dilemme : Entretien Avec Philippe Petit, Conversations Pour Demain ; [No 1]. Paris: Editions Textuel, Brauman, Rony, and Joelle Tanguy. "The Medecins Sans Frontieres Experience." Médecins sans frontières, Cahill, Kevin M., ed. A Framework for Survival : Health, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Assistance in Conflicts and Disasters. Rev. and updat ed. New York: Routledge, Clarke, Walter S., and Jeffrey Ira Herbst, eds. Learning from Somalia : The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, Cuny, Frederick C., and Richard B. Hill. Famine, Conflict, and Response : A Basic Guide. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, Cutts, Mark. The Humanitarian Operation in Bosnia, : Dilemmas of Negotiating Humanitarian Access. New Issues in Refugee Research : Working Paper No.8 ed: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, de Waal, Alex. Famine Crimes : Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa, African Issues. London: African Rights & the International African Institute in association with James Currey Oxford & Indiana University Press Bloomington, Haug, Hans, Hans-Peter Gasser, Fran oise Perret, Jean-Pierre Robert-Tissot, and Institut Henry-Dunant. Humanity for All : The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Berne: P. Haupt, IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.). Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos) in Disaster - 6 -

7 Relief. Geneva: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Keen, David. The Benefits of Famine : A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, Keen, David, and International Institute for Strategic Studies. The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Leaning, Jennifer, Susan M. Briggs, and Lincoln C. Chen, eds. Humanitarian Crises : The Medical and Public Health Response. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Lindenberg, Marc. "Complex Emergencies and Ngos : The Example of Care." In Humanitarian Crises : The Medical and Public Health Response, edited by Jennifer Leaning, Susan M. Briggs and Lincoln C. Chen, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Macrae, Joanna. "The Death of Humanitarianism - an Anatomy of the Attack." Disasters 22, no. 4 (1998): Macrae, Joanna, and Anthony B. Zwi. "Food as an Instument of War in Contemporary African Famines : A Review of the Evidence." Disasters 16, no. 4 (1992): War and Hunger : Rethinking International Responses to Complex Emergencies. London ; Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books in association with Save the Children Fund (UK), Minear, Larry. Humanitarian Action and Peacekeeping Operations The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance (published on internet only), 1997 [cited. Available from Moore, Jonathan, ed. Hard Choices : Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, MSF (Médecins sans frontières). "Breaking the Cycle." Médecins sans frontières, Natsios, Andrew S. "Humanitarin Relief Intervention in Somalia : The Economics of Chaos." In Learning from Somalia : The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Walter S. Clarke and Jeffrey Ira Herbst, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, Ogata, Sadako. ""Refugees : A Humanitarian Strategy", Statement by Mrs. Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees at the Royal Institute for International Relations." Brussels, 25 November "Statement by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees at the International Conference on Somalia." Paper presented at the the International Conference on Somalia, Geneva, 12 October Prendergast, John, and Center of Concern (Washington D.C.). Front-Line Diplomacy : Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa. Boulder, Colo.: L. Rienner, Sahnoun, Mohamed. Somalia : The Missed Opportunities. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, Sheik, Mani, Maria Isabel Gutierrez, Paul Bolton, Paul Spiegel, Michel Thieren, and Gilbert Burnham. "Deaths among Humanitarian Workers." British Medical Journal 321 (2000): Stockton, Nicholas. "In Defense of Humanitarianism." Disasters 22, no. 4 (1998): UNDPI (United Nations. Dept. of Public Information.). The United Nations and Rwanda, , The United Nations Blue Books Series ; V. 10. New York: Dept. of Public Information United Nations, The United Nations and Somalia, , The United Nations Blue Books Series ; V. 8. New York: Dept. of Public Information United Nations, UNHCR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.). Handbook for Emergencies. 2nd ed. Geneva: UNHCR, The State of the World's Refugees, New York: Penguin Books, The State of the World's Refugees, 1995 : In Search of Solutions. London ; New York: Oxford University Press, The State of the World's Refugees, : A Humanitarian Agenda. Oxford, England ; New York: Oxford University Press,

8 . The State of the World's Refugees, 2000 : Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford, England ; New York: Oxford University Press, Weiss, Thomas G. Military-Civilian Interactions : Intervening in Humanitarian Crises, New Millennium Books in International Studies. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, Weiss, Thomas G., and Cindy Collins. Humanitarian Challenges and Intervention : World Politics and the Dilemmas of Help, Dilemmas in World Politics. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, The United Nations and Civil Wars, Emerging Global Issues. Boulder, Colo.: L. Rienner Publishers, Weiss, Thomas George, and Larry Minear, eds. Humanitarianism across Borders : Sustaining Civilians in Times of War, Emerging Global Issues. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, Journal of Economics and Management Journal of Economics and Management Journal of Economics and Management UNOSOM Journal of Economics and Management kamino@student.law.tohoku.ac.jp kamino@pop12.odn.ne.jp www2.odn.ne.jp/kamino - 8 -