UN ESCAP Research On Global value Chains

Transcription

1 Just Jobs in Global value Chains: Inclusive Industrialization in ASEAN UN ESCAP Research On Global value Chains Mia Mikic 29 Feb 2016,Bangkok

2 Focus of work in trade and investment

3 Research and analysis Policymakers need access to highquality information and analysis. ESCAP produces: Annual Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report Working papers and commentaries Analyses in response to country or organization s demands Building up capacity for research and analysis across the region.

4 Some knowledge outputs Annual publication Monographs Commentaries

5 Capacity Building Training on multiple areas: trade policy, economics, and analysis; trade facilitation; CSR and private sector development Approximately 1,890 participants were trained in our capacitybuilding workshops in last 2 years. Both regional and national levels

6 Asia- Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade An open regional network of leading trade research institutions across the ESCAP region. ARTNeT has 61 member institutions, 6 core partners and 9 associate partners working towards this aim. Members include leading national trade research and academic institutions in 21 developing countries from all Asia- Pacific subregions. ARTNeT now reaches large community of individual researchers. artnet.unescap.org

7 ESCAP S WORK ON GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

8 Research and analysis Capacity building Regional cooperation/ Normative

9 GVC Research and analysis Measurement of participation in GVCs at country / regional levels Features of participation at national and sectoral levels Role of services, FDI, transfer of technology ü Identification of stylized facts, common features /lessons, etc., to formulate policy recommendations

10 Global Value Chains: Some stylized facts on Asia- Pacific participation 1.The Asia- Pacific region is a major exporter of GVC- final products, but not yet a major source of final demand. 2. In post- crisis period, the core of final demand has started to shift towards Asia- Pacific. 3. GVCs participation is concentrated on 10 Asian countries. 4. The low- income countries are largely bypassed by GVCs. 5. Intraregional trade (especially South- South trade) is playing an increasing role. 6. Services create significant value in industrial exports.

11 From technology diffusion to national upgrading the role of absorptive capacity Global Value Chains can support technology transfer and innovation

12 Key policy priorities for different stages of GVC participation Securing entry to GVCs Hard Infrastructure: connectivity, energy and logistics Domestic regulatory reforms Trade and investment liberalization and trade facilitation Expanding participation in GVCs Competitive environment and strong domestic services Preferential trade agreements to support regional integration Soft infrastructure: open financial services backed by strong regulation, education and training to increase absorptive capacity of firms and workers, ICT development Upgrading within GVCs and creating new GVCs Building innovative, human and firm capital Governance and intellectual property protection Harmonization of rules and standards with international norms Openness to FDI and imported technology

13 GVC Capacity building Awareness concepts and definitions, stylized facts Capacity for generating evidence for policymaking (i.e. research): through ARTNeT and in partnership with other organizations (ADBI, OECD..) Policymakers: Understanding constraints to participation in GVCs: Trade policy instruments FTAs Trade facilitation FDI promotion Business environment Innovation and TT environment Other stakeholders; NGOs, parliamentarians, businesses, etc. Handbooks for SMEs, policymakers Other UN staff and agencies: internal knowledge sharing ü To strengthen local capacity to formulate policies towards enabling participation in GVCs and to be able to assess impacts

14 GVC Regional cooperation Asia- pacific fragmented through formal subregional groupings and(to lesser degree) historical production networks Lack of pan- Asia ( Pacific) cooperation mechanisms spanning all elements of trade and investment: Ongoing and promising imitative to negotiate a region- wise paperless trade agreement (to deal with some trade facilitation measures0 Ongoing but less promising RECI initiative too big for current countries ambition? One Belt, One Road (OBOR) top down? Other initiatives are not spanning Asia: EAEU, RCEP, FTAAP Looking at FTA and linkage to GVCs, literature is still divided but solid evidence about ROO often being an obstacle, especially for small players in the market ESCAP work on regional cooperation to harmonize RoO for LDCs ASEAN and GVCs Elephant in the room: TPP ü To provide a platform for intergovernmental, B2G And B2B dialogues possibly leading to enhanced regional cooperation

15 Thank you for your attention! Mia Mikic