INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LAB VI

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LAB VI GRADO EN RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES / BACHELOR IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Professor: MICHELE TESTONI mtestoni@faculty.ie.edu Academic year: Degree course: FOURTH Semester: 1º Category: COMPULSORY Number of credits: 3.0 Language: English PREREQUISITES There is no mandatory prerequisite. Yet two requirements are essential to approach the course properly: a daily reading of international news; and an unbiased, open-minded mentality. SUBJECT DESCRIPTION Terrorism has turned from a recurrent, though marginal, feature of world affairs into one of the most alarming issues of our times. For the course will provide students with a broad overview of the main causes of terrorism, a study of the most notorious terrorist groups, and an analysis of the antiterrorist and counter-terrorist policies adopted by States and international organizations since OBJECTIVES AND SKILLS The course has two broad aims: providing students with a critical ability to explore and understand the phenomenon of terrorism through the concepts and the methods of social sciences; and, assessing the novel challenges posed by new transnational terrorism and how governments are adapting their external and internal security agendas to this new threat. METHODOLOGY The course will develop as an advanced seminar. For each session is supposed to proceed through dynamic and meaningful debates among students, with the professor serving mostly as a facilitator. Students will be engaged with a combination of individual assignments and team works. 1

2 Teaching methodology Weighting Estimated time a student should dedicate to prepare for and participate in Lectures 20.0 % 15 hours Discussions 20.0 % 15 hours Exercises 0.0 % 0 hours Group work % 25 hours Other individual studying % 20 hours TOTAL % 75 hours Published by IE Editorial PROGRAM PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING TERRORISM SESSION 1 WHAT IS TERRORISM? - What are the enduring difficulties in defining terrorism? - How has terrorism evolved over time? R.A.: J.P. Gibbs, Conceptualization of Terrorism, in American Sociological Review, vol. 54, n. 3 (1989), pp B.C.: D.C. Rapoport, The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism, in A. Kurth Cronin and J.M. Ludes (eds.), Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC (2004), pp B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapter 1 - A.H. Kydd and B.F. Walter, Strategies of Terrorism, in International Security, vol. 31, n. 1 (2006), pp G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapters 1, 2 and 10 SESSION 2 SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND INDIVIDUAL MOTIVATIONS - Can terrorist violence be always explained by a set of similar reasons? - Do poverty and poor education cause terrorism? R.A.: M. Crenshaw, The Causes of Terrorism, in Comparative Politics, vol. 13, n. 4 (1981), pp R.A.: A.B. Krueger and J. Malecková, Education, Poverty, and Terrorism: Is There a Causal 2

3 Connection?, in Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 17, n. 4 (2003), pp B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapter 8 - ICSR, Criminal Pasts, Terrorist Futures: European Jihadists and the New Crime-Terror Nexus (2016) - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 3 - M. Taylor and J. Horgan, A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Psychological Process in the Development of the Terrorist, in Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 17, n. 3 (2005), pp SESSION 3 TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL LAW - What are States responsibilities in relation to terrorism according to today s international law? - Is international terrorism a crime? R.A.: A. Cassese, The Multifaceted Criminal Notion of Terrorism in International Law, in Journal of Criminal International Justice, vol. 4 (2006), pp Other: UN Charter - M. Hmoud, Negotiating the Draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism: Major Bones of Contention, in Journal of Criminal International Law, vol. 4 (2006), pp International Committee of the Red Cross, The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols ( additionalprotocols) - Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ( PART TWO: ACTORS OF TERRORISM SESSION 4 STATE-SPONSORED TERRORISM - Why do States sponsor terrorism? - Is the State sponsorship of terrorism declining? R.A.: D.L. Byman, The Changing Nature of Sponsorship of Terrorism, in The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at The Brookings Institution, Analysis Paper n. 16 (2008), pp R.A.: D.B. Carter, A Blessing or a Curse? State Support for Terrorist Groups, in International Organization, vol. 66, n. 1 (2012), pp

4 - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 4 - R.J. Rummel, Definition of Democide, in Death by Government (1994) ( - US Department of State, State Sponsors of Terrorism ( SESSION 5 OLD TERRORISM : DISSIDENTS AND LIBERATION MOVEMENTS - How do economic and political factors combine in explaining the rise and the persistence of guerrilla insurgencies? - Left-wing and right-wing terrorism: what differences and similarities? R.A.: L. Bosi, Explaining Pathways to Armed Activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, , in Social Science History, vol. 36, n. 3 (2012), pp R.A.: J.S. Holmes et al., A Subnational Study of Insurgency: FARC Violence in the 1990s, in Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 30 (2007), pp B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapter 2 - C. Marighella, Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla, in J. Mallin (ed.), Terror and Urban Guerrillas: A Study of Tactics and Documents, pp (1982) - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapters 5 and 7 SESSION 6 DOCUMENTARY SCREENING: PALESTINIAN TERRORISM - When, and why, did the Palestinian terrorism begin? - How did the Palestinians manage to internationalize terrorism? B.C.: B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapter 3 SESSION 7 RELIGION AND TERRORISM - What is the relationship between the geopolitical scenario of the Middle East and the rise of Islamic-based terrorism? - Why do radical Islamists commit suicide attacks? R.A.: A. Moghadam, Motives for Martyrdom: Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks, in International Security, vol. 33, n. 3 (2008/2009), pp R.A.: A. Phillips, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Jihadism Transnational Religious Insurgencies and the Transformation of International Orders, in Review of International Studies, vol. 36, n. 2 (2010), pp

5 - B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapters 4 and 5 - International Crisis Group, Islamism, Violence and Reform in Algeria: Turning the Page, in ICG Middle East Report, n. 29 (2004), pp G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 6 - R.A. Pape, The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism, in American Political Science Review, vol. 97, n. 3 (2003), pp SESSION 8 GLOBALIZATION AND TERRORISM - Has the end of the Cold War made terrorism easier and more rewarding? - To what extent has al-qaeda created a new terrorism? B.C.: B.M. Jenkins, The New Age of Terrorism, in D. Kamien (ed.), Terrorism beyond al-qaeda, Santa Monica, RAND Corporation (2006), pp R.A.: A. Kurth Cronin, Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism, in International Security, vol. 27, n. 3 (2002/2003), pp G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 8 - J.A. Piazza, Incubators of Terror: Do Failed and Failing States Promote Transnational Terrorism?, in International Studies Quarterly, vol. 52, n. 3 (2008), pp SESSION 9 DAESH: THE NEW FRONTIER OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM - Al-Qaeda and Daesh: what differences and similarities? - Why has the pupil (Daesh) overcome the master (al-qaeda)? R.A.: A. Crooke, You Can t Understand ISIS If You Don t Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia, in New Perspectives Quarterly, vol. 32, n. 1 (2015), pp R.A.: G. Wood, What ISIS Really Wants, in The Atlantic (March 2015) - G. Aisch et al., How ISIS Works, in The New York Times (Sep. 16th, 2014) ( - A.N. Celso, Zarqawi s Legacy: Al Qaeda s ISIS Renegade, in Mediterranean Quarterly, vol. 26, n. 2 (2015), pp B. Hoffman, ISIS Is Here: Return of the Jihadi, in The National Interest (Jan.-Feb. 2016) ( 5

6 SESSION 10 TERRORISM AND THE MEDIA How has terrorism evolved due to the new media? Is suspending the social media accounts of suspected terrorists an effective strategy? W.P.: J.M. Berger and J. Morgan, The ISIS Twitter Census: Defining and Describing the Population of ISIS Supporters on Twitter, in The Brookings Institutions, Analysis Paper n. 20 (2015) R.A.: B.I. Koerner, Why ISIS is Winning the Social Media War, in Wired (April 2016) - I. Bremmer, The Top 5 Countries Where ISIS Gets Its Foreign Recruits, in TIME (April 14, 2017) ( - B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, Chapter 6 and 7 - M. Lynch, Al-Qaeda s Media Strategies, in The National Interest, n. 83 (2006), pp G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 11 PART THREE: FIGHTING TERRORISM SESSION 11 CHECKING THE TERRORISTS FLOW OF MONEY - Are terrorist and organized criminal activities becoming ever more similar? - How does Daesh fund itself? R.A.: C. Dishman, The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge, in Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 28 (2005), pp W.P.: P.B. Johnston, Countering ISIL s Financing, in RAND Corporation (2014) - E. Kaplan, Tracking Down Terrorist Financing, in Council on Foreign Relations, April 2006 ( - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 9 (pp ) - L. Napoleoni, Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Networks (2003), Chapters 16 and 17 SESSION 12 COUNTER-TERRORISM: FORCE AND REPRESSIVE OPTIONS - Can States use force against terrorists based in another country? - Is the use of force effective in counter-terrorist operations? 6

7 R.A.: H. Haaland Kramer and S.A. Yetiv, The UN Security Council s Response to Terrorism: Before and After September 11, 2001, in Political Science Quarterly, vol. 122, n. 3 (2007), pp R.A.: C.J. Tams, The Use of Force Against Terrorists, in The European Journal of International Law, vol. 20, n. 2 (2009), pp P.C.: UN Security Council Resolution 1368 (2001) - D. Byman, ISIS Goes Global: Fight the Islamic State by Targeting Its Affiliates, in Foreign Affairs, vol. 95, n. 2 (2016), pp D. Byman, Why Drones Work: The Case for Washington s Weapon of Choice, in Foreign Affairs (July/August 2013)( 11/whydrones-work) - A. Kurth Cronin, Why Drones Fail: When Tactics Drive Strategy, in Foreign Affairs (July/August 2013)( - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapter 13 (pp ) SESSION 13 ANTI-TERRORISM: CONCILIATORY AND LEGAL OPTIONS - What are the most important legal measures taken by the international community against terrorism? - What are the main strengths and weaknesses of the EU counter-terrorist policy? T.N.: EU Council, EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy (2005) T.N.: G7 Taormina Statement on the Fight Against Terrorism and Violent Extremism (2017) T.N.: UN General Assembly, Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (2006) - S. Erlanger, A Quandary for Europe: Fighting a War on ISIS Within Its Borders, in The New York Times (March 23rd, 2016)( - G. Martin, Understanding Terrorism, Chapters 13 (pp ) and 14 - UN Security Council, 1267 Committee (1999) ( - UN Security Council, Counter-Terrorism Committee (2001) ( SESSION 14 DOES TERRORISM END? - What are the most successful methods to stop terrorist campaigns? - What terrorist campaigns are more likely to come to an end? R.A.: M. Abrahms, What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy, in International Security, vol. 32, n. 4 (2008), pp R.A.: A. Kurth Cronin, How Al Qaeda Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups, in 7

8 International Security, vol. 31, n. 1 (2006), pp M.H. Bin Hassan, Key Considerations in Counterideological Work Against Terrorist Ideology, in Horgan and Braddock (eds.), Terrorism Studies, Chapter 22 - C. Van de Voorde, Sri Lankan Terrorism: Assessing and Responding to the Threat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), in Police Practice and Research, vol. 6, n. 2 (2005), pp SESSION 15 FINAL EXAM BIBLIOGRAPHY The followings are texts listed in the recommended readings (all of them are available in the IE library): Inside Terrorism: B. Hoffman: New York, Columbia University Press /Revised and expanded edition / 2006: ISBN: Terrorism Studies: A Reader: J. Horgan and K. Braddock (eds.) / London-New York, Routledge / 2012: ISBN: Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues: G. Martin: Los Angeles, SAGE Publications / 4th edition / 2013: ISBN: EVALUATION CRITERIA Criteria Percentage Comments Class Participation 25 % The grade reflects students pro-active contribution to class discussion and their overall conduct. The course is structured on a seminar basis; for the professor serves mostly as a facilitator for class discussion. Students are expected to come to class fully prepared to engage in dynamic and meaningful debates. Please be aware that sitting quietly behind the laptop will lead to a 4 grade. 8

9 Research project 1 15 % Students will divide in groups, each of which will write a brief review essay (3,000 words, 5-6 pages, footnotes and bibliography included) on a topic related to the first three sessions. Essays are due to session 4; late works will not be accepted. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will be sanctioned. Any group found plagiarizing will receive a 0 for that assignment and an ethics warning. In writing the paper, especially with regard to citations and quoting, students are strongly encouraged to consult The Rowman and Littlefield Guide to Writing with Sources 10%). Research project 2 25 % Students will divide in groups, each of which will write a take-home research essay (7,000 words, 15 pages, footnotes and bibliography included) on a given terrorist organization. Essays are due to session 10; late works will not be accepted. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will be sanctioned. Any group found plagiarizing will receive a 0 for that assignment and an ethics warning. In writing the paper, especially with regard to citations and quoting, students are strongly encouraged to consult The Rowman and Littlefield Guide to Writing with Sources. Examen Final 35 % It will be in-class and based on a policy-making format: students will write a policy brief on a given situation of crisis dealing with an international terrorist threat. It is schedule for session 10. 9

10 EXAMINATION POLICY - Each students has 4 attempts over two consecutive academic years to pass this course. Dates and location of the final exam will be posted in advanced and will not be changed. - Students must attend at least of 70% of the sessions. For, students missing more than 4 sessions will automatically fail the class. They will receive a 0.0 on their first and second attempts and go directly to the third one (they will need to enroll in this course the following academic year). - Students who fail the course in the 1st round of exams are eligible to re-sit in the 2nd examination session. - Students who are in the 3rd or 4th attempt should contact the professor during the first two weeks of the course. RETAKE POLICY Any student whose weighted final grade is below 5 will be required to sit for the retake exam to pass the course (except those not complying with the attendance rules, whom are banned from this possibility). Grading for retakes are subject to the following rules: - The retakes will consist of a comprehensive exam. The grade will depend only on the performance on this exam; continuous evaluation over the semester will not be taken into account. - The exam will be designated bearing in mind that the passing grade is 5 and the maximum grade that can be attained is 8 out of The third attempt will require students to complete: o A written assignment o A final exam - This is also applicable to students who do not have required attendance (e.g. sickness). - Dates and location of the retakes will be posted in advance and will not be changed. PROFESSOR BIO Professor: MICHELE TESTONI mtestoni@faculty.ie.edu Michele Testoni is Adjunct Professor in the IE School of International Relations (teaching courses in Foreign Policy, Introduction to Politics, IR History, and Terrorism) and in the IE School of Human Sciences and Technology (teaching a course in Globalization in the Master in Corporate Communication). He is also Visiting Professor in the Global Economic and Social Affairs Master (GESAM) co-organized by the University of Venice and the ILO. Michele has a PhD in Political Science from the University of Florence, a Master degree in International Relations from the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University, and a BA (cum laude) in Political Science from the University of Bologna. 10

11 He is a specialist in international security affairs, in particular the transformations of NATO in the post- Cold War era. He is member of the Transatlantic Studies Association (TSA) and the Spanish Association of Political Science and Administration (AECPA). From 2010 to 2012 he was appointed Associate Fellow at SAIS-Europe, Johns Hopkins University. He also collaborates with Transparency International in the issuing of the Government Defense Anti- Corruption Index. OTHER INFORMATION Office hours: by appointment. CODE OF CONDUCT IN CLASS 1. Be on time: : Students arriving more than 5 minutes late will be marked as Absent. Only students that notify in advance in writing that they will be late for a specific session may be granted an exception (at the discretion of the professor). 2. If applicable, bring your name card and strictly follow the seating chart. It helps faculty members and fellow students learn your names. 3. Do not leave the room during the lecture: Students are not allowed to leave the room during lectures. If a student leaves the room during lectures, he/she will not be allowed to re-enter and, therefore, will be marked as Absent. Only students that notify that they have a special reason to leave the session early will be granted an exception (at the discretion of the professor). 4. Do not engage in side conversation. As a sign of respect toward the person presenting the lecture (the teacher as well as fellow students), side conversations are not allowed. If you have a question, raise your hand and ask it. It you do not want to ask it during the lecture, feel free to approach your teacher after class. If a student is disrupting the flow of the lecture, he/she will be asked to leave the classroom and, consequently, will be marked as Absent. 5. Use your laptop for course-related purposes only. The use of laptops during lectures must be authorized by the professor. The use of Social Media or accessing any type of content not related to the lecture is penalized. The student will be asked to leave the room and, consequently, will be marked as Absent. 6. No cellular phones: IE University implements a Phone-free Classroom policy and, therefore, the use of phones, tablets, etc. is forbidden inside the classroom. Failing to abide by this rule entails expulsion from the room and will be counted as one absence. 7. Escalation policy: 1/3/5. Items 4, 5, and 6 above entail expulsion from the classroom and the consequent marking of the student as Absent. IE University implements an escalation policy : The first time a student is asked to leave the room for disciplinary reasons (as per items 4, 5, and 6 above), the student will incur one absence, the second time it will count as three absences, and from the third time onward, any expulsion from the classroom due to disciplinary issues will entail 5 absences. 11