NEW PEACEKEEPING STRATEGIES FOLLOWING VIOLENT REGIME CHANGE. May 28-30, United States Institute of Peace. Washington, D.C.

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1 NEW PEACEKEEPING STRATEGIES FOLLOWING VIOLENT REGIME CHANGE May 28-30, 2014 United States Institute of Peace Washington, D.C. Facilitated by Robert M. Perito 1 & UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Representative With the pending withdrawal from Afghanistan, the United States has shown renewed interest in international peacekeeping. Presidential Policy Directive 23 makes it a goal of U.S. policy to strengthen collective security arrangements by building partner nation capacity to conduct peacekeeping missions. Implementing the President s Directive will require new strategies and tactics, specially trained forces, increased civil-military coordination and expanded alliances with other nations. It will also require a new generation of peacekeeping experts who understand the challenges of the current environment and have the skills to conduct future interventions. This course will answer critical questions regarding the conduct of peace operations in the face of 21 st Century challenges: How should the United Nations, the U.S. and partnering countries and organizations design and execute effective interventions that address issues emerging in the violent aftermath of the Arab Spring, the withdrawal from Iraq and Afghanistan and the return of a stubbornly resilient al Qaeda? How should such missions restore stability in countries with ungoverned spaces, clashes between secular and religious forces, the absence of legitimate national institutions, competing legal systems, and the presence of jihadis, militias, and tribal forces? What should be done to assist emerging governments and newly recruited security forces to control national borders, police cities and protect citizens? Finding answers to these questions is difficult because the previous models used by the international community no longer apply. It is doubtful the UN and NATO would be willing to replicate the massive civil-military peace operations that imposed order and managed civil administration in the Balkans in the 1990s. It is equally unlikely the U.S. would be interested in mounting future stability operations on the scale of those in Iraq and Afghanistan. Yet threats to international peace and security demand action. A new UN peacekeeping mission has been deployed in the Mali and one is under consideration for the Central African Republic. These 1 Robert Perito is the Director of the Perito Group, LLC, and the former Director of the Center for Security Sector Governance at the U.S. Institute of Peace. Mr. Perito was a senior U.S. Foreign Service Officer and headed the international police assistance program at the Department of Justice. He has taught at Princeton, American and George Mason Universities. He is the coauthor of Police in War: Fighting Insurgency, Terrorism and Violent Crime and author of Where is the Lone Ranger: Americas Search for a Stability Force. 1

2 missions and current international assistance efforts in Libya, Syria and other conflict countries offer lesions learned that may be applied in future peace and stability operations. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, participants will understand: The new and challenging environment that confronts peace and stability operations, including asymmetrical warfare, terrorist operations, drone surveillance, and organized crime. The planning and implementation of modern peace and stability operations, including the role played by the Security Council, NATO, EU, AU, troop contributing countries and the United States. How to plan and conduct peace and stability operations based on achieving a set of desired objectives and end states. The planning of a peace and stability operation through interactive role play with a diverse group of well informed fellow professionals. Teaching Methodology and Structure This course examines the conduct of a new generation of peacekeeping operations that illustrate the challenge of establishing a safe and secure environment, an effective judicial system and good governance in countries following violent regime change. Instructors and participants with direct field experience in current and previous peacekeeping missions will create a dynamic learning environment based on interactive lectures, informative case studies and realistic role playing scenarios. It is expected that participants in this course will take away lessons learned that they can apply in their current work and future assignments. Course Requirements Participants will find this course ambitious and timely. Participants are expected to attend every day and engage actively by asking questions and joining in group discussions. Participants will be asked to analyze and comment on relevant case studies and assigned readings. In addition, participants will be asked to: Actively participate in the daily simulation exercise Draft and present country and policy analyses during in-class exercises Develop guidelines for best practices Advanced Preparation: Prior to attending the class, participants should review the 2014 Princeton University report Adapting and Evolving: The Implications of Transnational Terrorism for UN Field Missions, which is available online with other readings for the course on Moodle. 2

3 COURSE AGENDA DAY ONE Wednesday, May 28, :00 am-9:30 am Introduction Introduction of USIP Description of the Course Introduction of facilitator and participants 9:30 am -10:00 am Opening Remarks Raffi Gregorian, Director, Office of Peace Operations, Sanctions and Counterterrorism, Department of State 10:00 am-10:45 am Introduction of the Strategic Framework Description of the strategic framework for the conduct of peacekeeping operations Review of the impact of the Arab Spring and the challenges of violent extremism and organized crime. Description of the impact of transnational terrorism on UN field missions. 10:45 am-11:00 am Break 11:00 am-12:30 pm Role of UN Military Forces in Restoring Stability and Creating a Safe and Secure Environment Brief review of the history of peacekeeping operations in the Balkans and U.S.-led stability operations in Iraq and Afghanistan Description of the new security environment confronting peacekeeping operations that has emerged in the aftermath of the Arab Spring Discussion of advances in UN and international strategies, tactics, weapons and continuing shortcomings in the ability to respond to current crisis 3

4 12:30 pm-1:00 pm Lunch 1:00 pm 1:30 pm Read Case Study on the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) 1:30 pm-3:30 pm Creating a Safe and Secure Environment in Contemporary Peacekeeping Mission Presentation by Elmehdi Ag Muphtah, International Consultant/Peace Education and Conflict Prevention in Africa Interactive discussion concerning the issues raised and lessons learned in the case study 3:30 pm-4:30 pm Equatorial Kundu Exercise: Conflict Analysis and Transformation DAY TWO Thursday, May 29, :00 am 9:30 Review Introduction of the Equatorial Kundu Scenario and the goals and objectives of the UN Mission in Equatorial Kundu (UNIMEK) Simulated meeting of the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations planning team dealing with security aspects of the UNIMEK mission 9:30 am 10:30 am The Role of UN Police and Judicial Advisors in Establishing Security and Justice Discussion of the challenge of establishing justice in the aftermath of violent conflict Explanation of the UN principle of the Responsibility to Protect Description of the new UN Police Doctrine, the Global Focal Point and the UN Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions (United Nations Video) 4

5 10:30 am 10:45 am Break 10:45 am 12:30 pm Interactive Discussion of New Mandates and Responsibilities of UN Missions Understanding and implementing R2P, the international responsibility to protect citizens even from their own government Urgent Temporary Measures, the UN new responsibility to reestablish police, courts and prisons in the Central African Republic The Global Focal Point, a one-stop-shop for justice in the UN Secretariat? 12:30 pm 1:00 pm Lunch 1:00 pm 1:30 pm Read Case Study on the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) and the new United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) 1:30 pm - 3:30 pm Establishing Police, Courts and Prisons in a Lawless Environments Guest Lecture: Presentation by international expert with recent field experience in the Central African Republic and Chad (Video) Interactive discussion concerning issues highlighted in the case study 3:30 pm 4:30 pm Equatorial Kundu Exercise: Conflict Analysis and Transformation Simulated meeting of the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations planning team dealings the police and judicial aspects of the UNIMEK Operation 5

6 DAY THREE May 30, :00 am 9:30 am Review 9:30 am 10:30 am The Role of Governance and Providing Public Services Discussion of the tensions between governance and democracy and the timing of elections Explanation of the principles of good governance and the creation of state institutions Description of the role of the UN and the international community in state building 10:30 am 10:45 am Break 10:45 am 12:00 pm Interactive Discussion of Options for Governance following Violent Regime Change How should the UN cope with situations where international norms of governance are rejected by local stakeholders The tension between respecting sovereignty and the need to provide government services in the absence of national capacity The challenge of UN intervention in the absence of a peace agreement indicating consent by local stakeholders 12:00 pm 12:30 pm Lunch 12:30 pm 1:00 pm Read Case Study on the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia UNSOM and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm Peace Building and State Building in Countries with Fragile Institutions and limited Human and Material Resources 6

7 Presentation by Ambassador Nicholas Kay, Special Representative of the Secretary General, UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (Video) Interactive discussion concerning the issues highlighted in the case study 3:00 pm 4:00 pm Equatorial Kundu Exercise: Conflict Analysis and Transformation Simulated meeting of the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations planning team dealings with state building and governance in the UNIMEK Operation 4:00 pm- 5:00 pm Debrief of the Course Presentation of Certificates by George Lopez, Vice President, USIP Academy for International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding Course Evaluation Adjourn 7