PS9620 Politics of Industrialized Societies University of Missouri, Spring 2011

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1 PS9620 Politics of Industrialized Societies University of Missouri, Spring 2011 Wednesdays, 6:00-8:30 p.m. Dr. Robin E. Best 104 Professional Building 220 Professional Building Office Hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays: 10:30 12:00 Course Description This course will introduce students to the study of comparative politics in advanced industrialized democracies. We will address politics in a specific subset of countries; however, our focus will be thematic rather than regional in nature. The countries classified as advanced industrialized democracies share similar historical experiences, levels of economic development, social and employment structures, political trajectories and experience with democracy. At the same time, there is enough variation across countries to draw inferences and test theories about political outcomes, and many of our theories about democratic politics are derived from the study of advanced industrialized democracies. Consequently, this course will primarily be a study of democratic politics, drawing on what we know (and don t know) about advanced industrialized democracies. The topics we will examine include the following: societies and cleavage structures, political parties and party systems, electoral systems, electoral competition, voting behavior, political participation, government formation, and governmental accountability. At the end of the course we will also devote a class session to discussion of the European Union. Course Requirements Class Participation: This course demands a large degree of student involvement and participation. Students are expected to attend all class meetings having thoroughly read the assigned readings and be prepared to discuss them in class. Students should be prepared to pose general questions for discussion and participate in more detailed discussions about the ideas, theory, research design, and evidence presented in the readings. Class participation constitutes 30% of the course grade. Critical Review Papers: Throughout the duration of the course students will write six, 3-5 page (typed, double spaced, normal margins, 12-point font) critical review papers. Critical review papers should provide an informed assessment and critique of the week s readings. Are there theoretical or empirical deficiencies in the readings? Which reading presents the best argument and why? Which reading presents the worst argument and why? How do the readings relate to one another are any of their propositions inherently incompatible? What could be done to improve the theories, hypotheses, and research design of the readings? Critical review papers should NOT be a summary of the week s readings. Instead, they should bring to light new insights, ideas, or problems regarding the specific readings and the topic more generally. When writing the critical review papers students are encouraged (but not required) to bring in material from previous weeks or from the recommended reading list. 1

2 The lowest grade on a critical review paper will be dropped. Each of the remaining five critical review papers will constitute 7% of the grade for the course (35% total). Papers should be circulated via to me and all other students in the course by 12:00 p.m. on the Tuesday before the class session. Students are strongly encouraged to read each other s critical review papers and be prepared to discuss them in class. Students are also responsible for presenting the main points of their papers in class. The in-class discussion of the paper will count toward the student s grade on the paper. Seminar Leader: Each student will serve as seminar leader once during the semester. In addition to the regular reading list for the week, the seminar leader is responsible for one additional article or book chapter from the week s list of recommended readings. The seminar leader(s) will come to class prepared to present (1) a very brief review of the main points of the readings, (2) critical commentary on the readings, and (3) questions for discussion. Furthermore, the student will be responsible for guiding the class discussion during the seminar. A student s performance as seminar leader constitutes 5% of the grade for the course. Research Design Paper: Finally, students will write a research design paper. Papers should be in the page range and formatted as a professional conference paper. Research design papers must identify a research question that has been insufficiently addressed by the course readings and propose a new or modified answer to the question. The paper should review the literature in the area, describe the new theory and how it relates to existing research, introduce a testable hypothesis, and describe in detail a proper research design to test the hypothesis. The research design proposed in the paper should be feasible (i.e. something that is possible to complete within the next couple of years) and, if possible, should present some preliminary findings. In short, the research design paper should be a research paper without the analysis section. During the last two weeks of class, students will each give a minute presentation of their research design paper, which will be followed by a 15-minute question and answer period. Research design papers (including the presentation) constitute 30% of the grade for the course. Readings *Readings marked with ^ have been placed on reserve at Ellis Library. We will be reading most if not all - of the following books. These are available at the MU bookstore. Dalton, Russell J Citizen Politics (5 th Ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press. Dalton, Russell J., and Martin P. Wattenberg (eds.) Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press. 2

3 Le Duc, Lawrence, Richard G. Niemi, and Pippa Norris (eds.) Comparing Democracies 3: Elections and Voting in the 21 st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. We will be reading substantial portions of the following books. Copies of these are also available for purchase at the MU bookstore. ^Cox, Gary W Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World s Electoral Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press. ^Lijphart, Arend Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ^McDonald, Michael D. and Ian Budge Elections, Parties, Democracy: Conferring the Median Mandate. New York: Oxford University Press. The following is a good (textbook) introduction to European politics, which is also available for purchase at the MU bookstore. If you have little background in the subject area, I highly recommend picking up a copy and completing the weekly readings marked with an asterisk in the schedule. Gallagher, Michael, Michael Laver, and Peter Mair Representative Government in Modern Europe (4 th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: McGraw Hill. Other Matters Academic Dishonesty. Academic integrity is fundamental to the activities and principles of a university. All members of the academic community must be confident that each person s work has been responsibly and honorably acquired, developed, and presented. Any effort to gain an advantage not given to all students is dishonest whether or not the effort is successful. The academic community regards such breaches of the academic integrity rules as extremely serious matters. Sanctions for such a breach may include academic sanctions from the instructor, including failing the course for any violation, to disciplinary sanctions ranging from probation to expulsion. When in doubt about plagiarism, paraphrasing, quoting, collaboration, or any other form of cheating, consult the course instructor. Special Accommodations. If you need accommodations because of a disability, if you have emergency medical information that I should be aware of, or if you need special arrangements in case the building must be evacuated, please inform me immediately. Please see me privately after class, or in my office. To request academic accommodations (e.g. a note-taker or extra time on exams), students must register with the Office of Disability Services, ( S5 Memorial Union, It is the campus office responsible for reviewing documentation provided by students requesting academic accommodations, and for accommodations planning in cooperation with students and instructors, as needed and consistent with course requirements. For other MU resources for students with disabilities, click on Disability Resources on the MU homepage. 3

4 Week 1: January 19 th Introduction to the Study of Advanced Industrialized Democracies Dalton Introduction Dalton and Wattenberg Introduction LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Introduction *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Introduction Week 2: January 26 th Democratic Institutions and the Goals of Democratic Governance Lijphart Chapters 1-4 McDonald and Budge Chapters 1-4 Riker, William H Liberalism against Populism. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Chapter 1. *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapters 2 and 3 Powell, G. Bingham Political Representation in Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 7: Samuels, David J., and Matthew Soberg Shugart Presidentialism, Elections and Representation. Journal of Theoretical Politics 15: Week 3: February 2 nd Societies and Social Cleavages Crouch, Colin Change in European Societies since the 1970s. West European Politics 31(1-2): Dalton Chapters 7& 8 Inglehart, Ronald The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Changes in Post- Industrial Societies. American Political Science Review 65(4): ^Lipset, Seymour Martin and Stein Rokkan Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction. In Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Eds. Seymour Martin Lipset and Stein Rokkan. New York: The Free Press. *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapter 9 Freire, André Bringing Social Identities Back In: The Social Anchors of Left-Right Orientation in Western Europe. International Political Science Review 27(4):

5 Inglehart, Ronald Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to West European Politics 31(1-2): Lijphart, Arend Religious vs. Linguistic vs. Class Voting. American Political Science Review 73(2): Rohrschneider, Robert New Party versus Old Left Realignments: Environmental Attitudes, Party Policies, and Partisan Affiliations in Four West European Countries. Journal of Politics 55(3): Rose, Richard, and Derek Urwin Persistence and Change in Western Party Systems since Political Studies 18: *Paper copy available in Ellis library. Week 4: February 9 th Electoral Institutions Boix, Carles Setting the Rules of the Game. American Political Science Review 93(3): LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Chapter 2 Lijphart Chapter 8 Ordeshook, Peter C. and Olga V. Shvetsova Ethnic Heterogeneity, District Magnitude, and the Number of Parties. American Journal of Political Science 38: Riker, William H The Two-Party System and Duverger s Law: An Essay on the History of Political Science. American Political Science Review *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapter 11 Amorim Neto, Octavio Amorim, and Cary Cox Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures and the Number of Parties. American Journal of Political Science 41(1): Benoit, Kenneth The Endogeneity Problem in Electoral Studies: A Critical Re- Examination of Duverger s Mechanical Effect. Electoral Studies 21: Benoit, Kenneth Models of Electoral System Change. Electoral Studies 23: Best, Robin E Increasing Irrationality? The Equilibrium Relationship between Electoral and Legislative Party System Size, Electoral Studies 29: Colomer, Josep M It s Parties That Choose Electoral Systems (or, Duverger s Laws Upside Down). Political Studies 53: Cusak, Thomas, Torben Iversen, and David Soskice Coevolution of Capitalism and Political Representation: The Choice of Electoral Systems. American Political Science Review 104(2): Diwakar, Rekha Duverger s Law and the Size of the Indian Party System. Party Politics 13: Hooghe, Marc, Bart Maddens, and Jo Noppe Why Parties Adapt: Electoral Reform, Party Finance and Party Strategy in Belgium. Electoral Studies. 25:

6 Kreuzer, Marcus Historical Knowledge and Quantitative Analysis: The Case of the Origins of Proportional Representation. American Political Science Review 104(2): Lin, Jih-wen. The Endogenous Change in Electoral Systems: The case of SNTV. Forthcoming in Party Politics. Nishikawa, Misa, and Erik S. Herron Mixed Electoral Rules Impact on Party Systems. Electoral Studies 23: Singer, Matthew M. and Laura B. Stephenson "The Political Context and Duverger's Theory: Evidence at the District Level." Electoral Studies 28(3): Week 5: February 16 th Political Parties and Party Systems Dalton and Wattenberg Chapter 5 LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Chapters 3 and 4 Lijphart Chapter 5 Sartori, Giovanni A Typology of Party Systems. In Peter Mair (ed.) The West European Party System. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapters 7, 8, and 10 Dalton and Wattenberg Chapter 7 Katz, Richard S. and Peter Mair Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy. Party Politics 1(1): Kirchheimer, Otto [1990]. The Catch-All Party in Peter Mair (ed.) The West European Party System. New York: Oxford University Press. Mair, Peter The Challenge to Party Government. West European Politics 31(1-2): Strøm, Kaare A Behavioral Theory of Competitive Political Parties. American Journal of Political Science 34(2): Week 6: February 23 rd Electoral Competition I: Party Policy Positions ^Budge, Ian and Dennis Farlie Party Competition- Selective Emphasis or Direct Confrontation? in West European Party Systems: Continuity and Change. Eds. Hans Daalder and Peter Mair. London: Sage Publications. Budge, Ian, Lawrence Ezrow and Michael D. McDonald Ideology, Party Factionalism and Policy Change: An integrated dynamic theory. British Journal of Political Science 40: Cox, Gary W Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems. American 6

7 Journal of Political Science 34(4): ^Downs, Anthony An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row. Chapters 7-8. McDonald and Budge Chapter 5 Adams, James A Theory of Spatial Competition with Biased Voters: Party Policies Viewed Temporally and Comparatively. British Journal of Political Science. 31(1): Boix, Carles Electoral Markets, Party Strategies, and Proportional Representation. American Political Science Review. 104(2): Calvo, Ernesto and Timothy Hellwig Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives under Different Electoral Systems. American Journal of Political Science 55(1): Dow, Jay K. Party-System Extremism in Majoritarian and Proportional Electoral Systems. Forthcoming in the British Journal of Political Science. Ennser, Laurenz. The homogeneity of West European party families: The radical right in comparative perspective. Forthcoming in Party Politics. Ezrow, Lawrence Parties Policy Programmes and the Dog that Didn t Bark: No Evidence that Proportional Systems Promote Extreme Party Positioning. British Journal of Political Science 38: Ezrow, Lawrence. Reply to Dow: Party Positions, Votes and the Mediating Role of Electoral Systems? Forthcoming in the British Journal of Political Science. Green-Pedersen, Christoffer Center Parties, Party Competition, and the Implosion of Party Systems: A Study of Centripetal Tendencies in Mulitparty Systems. Political Studies 52: Green-Pedersen, Christoffer The Growing Importance of Issue Competition: The Changing Nature of Party Competition in Western Europe. Political Studies 55: Hellwig, Timothy, Anna Mikulska and Burcu Gezgor Perceptions of policy choice in contemporary democracies. European Journal of Political Research 49: Keman, Hans. Third Ways and Social Democracy: The Right Way to Go? forthcoming in the British Journal of Political Science. Week 7: March 2 Electoral Competition II: Elections and Party Support Adams, James, Michael Clark, Lawrence Ezrow and Garrett Glasgow Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties Policy Shifts, American Journal of Political Science 50: ^Bartolini, Stefano, and Peter Mair Identity, competition, and electoral availability. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 2 and 4. 7

8 Meguid, Bonnie M Competition between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success. American Political Science Review 99(3): ^Przeworski, Adam and John Sprague Paper Stones. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Introduction and Chapters 1-3. Arzheimer, Kai Contextual Factors and the Extreme Right Vote in Western Europe, American Journal of Political Science 53(2): Carter, E. L Proportional Representation and the Fortunes of Right-Wing Extremist Parties. West European Politics 25(3): Drummond, Andrew J Electoral Volatility and Party Decline in Western Democracies: Political Studies 54: Elff, Martin Social divisions, party positions, and electoral behaviour. Electoral Studies 28: Ezrow, Lawrence On the inverse relationship between votes and proximity for niche parties. European Journal of Political Research 47: Green-Pedersen, Christoffer, and Jesper Krogstrup Immigration as a Political Issue in Denmark and Sweden. European Journal of Political Research 47: ^Kitschelt, Herbert The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Introduction and Chapter 1. LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Chapters 5 & 6 McDonald and Budge Chapter 6. Van Kersbergen, Kees The Christian Democratic Phoenix and Modern Unsecular Politics. Party Politics. 14: Week 8: March 9 th Voting Behavior Cox, Gary Making Votes Count. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1-4 &7 Dalton Chapters 9 &10 Iversen, Torben Political Leadership and Representation in West European Democracies: A Test of Three Models of Voting. American Journal of Political Science, 38(1): Thomassen, Jacques, and Martin Rosema Party identification revisited. In Political Parties and Partisanship: Social Identity and Individual Attitudes, eds. J. Bartle & P. Bellucci. London: Routledge. *electronic version available at Armstrong II, David A. and Raymond M. Duch Why can voters anticipate post-election coalition formation likelihoods? Electoral Studies 29: Cox, Gary Making Votes Count. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters

9 Duch, Raymond M., Jeff May, and David A. Armstrong II Coalition-directed Voting in Multiparty Democracies. American Political Science Review 104(4): Freire, Andre Party Polarization and Citizens Left Right Orientations. Party Politics 14: Hobolt, Sara B. and Jeffrey A. Karp Voters and coalition governments. Electoral Studies 29: Kedar, Orit When Moderate Voters Prefer Extreme Parties: Policy Balancing in Parliamentary Elections. American Political Science Review 99(2): Lachat, Romain The impact of party polarization on ideological voting. Electoral Studies 27: Van der Brug, Wouter Issue Ownership and Party Choice. Electoral Studies 23: Week 9: March 16 th Participation and Voter Turnout Dalton Chapters 2-4 LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Chapter 8 Dalton and Wattenberg Chapter 4 Lijphart, Arend Unequal Participation: Democracy s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review 91(1): Anderson, Christopher J., and Pablo Beramendi Income, Inequality, and Electoral Participation. In Democracy, Inequality, and Representation, eds. Pablo Beramendi and Christopher J. Anderson. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Bargsted, Matias A. and Orit Kedar Coalition-Targeted Duvergerian Voting: How Expectations Affect Voter Choice under Proportional Representation. American Journal of Political Science 53(2): Fisher, Stephen D (Change in) Turnout and (Change in) the Left Share of the Vote. Electoral Studies 26: Jackman, Robert Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in Industrial Democracies. American Political Science Review 81: Karp, Jeffrey A. and Susan A. Banducci Political Efficacy and Participation in Twenty- Seven Democracies: How Electoral Systems Shape Political Behaviour. British Journal of Political Science 38: Pontusson, Jonas, and David Rueda The Politics of Inequality: Voter Mobilization and Left Parties in Advanced Industrial States. Comparative Political Studies 43(6): Powell, G. Bingham American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective. American Political Science Review. 80(1): Rosema, Martin Low Turnout: Threat to Democracy or Blessing in Disguise? Consequences of Citizens Varying Tendencies to Vote. Electoral Studies 26: Siaroff, Alan, and John W.A. Merer Parliamentary Election Turnout in Europe since Political Studies 50,

10 Week 10: March 23 rd Governments Dalton and Wattenberg Chapters 9 & 11 Lijphart Chapter 6 King, G., J. Alt, N. Burns, and M. Laver A Unified Model of Cabinet Dissolution in Parliamentary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science 34(3): Martin, Lanny W., and Randolph T. Stevenson Government Formation in Parliamentary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science 45(1): Mershon, Carol The Costs of Coalition: Coalition Theories and Italian Governments. American Political Science Review 90(3): *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapter 12 Bäck, Hanna Explaining and Predicting Coalition Outcomes: Conclusions from Studying Data on Local Coalitions. European Journal of Political Research 42: ^Budge, Ian and Hans Keman Parties and Democracy: Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in Twenty States. New York: Oxford University Press. Druckman, James N. and Michael F. Thies The Importance of Concurrence: The Impact of Bicameralism on Government Formation and Duration. American Journalof Political Science 46(4): Golder, Sona N Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies. British Journal of Political Science 36: Laver, Michael, and Kenneth A. Shepsle Coalitions and Cabinet Government. American Political Science Review 84(3): Maeda, Ko Divided We Fall: Opposition Fragmentation and the Electoral Fortunes of Governing Parties. British Journal of Political Science 40: Martin, Lanny W., and Georg Vanberg Wasting Time? The Impact of Ideology and Size on Delay in Coalition Formation. British Journal ofpolitical Science 33: McDonald and Budge Chapter 7 Strøm, Kaare, Ian Budge, and Michael J. Laver Constraints on Cabinet Formation in Parliamentary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science 38(2): Tavits, Margit The Role of Parties Past Behavior in Coalition Formation. American Political Science Review. 102(4): Volden, Craig, and Clifford J. Carrubba The Formation of Oversized Coalitions in Parliamentary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 48(3): Week 11: March 30 th Spring Break No Class 10

11 Week 12: April 6 th Representation and Accountability LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris Chapters 9 & 11 McDonald and Budge Chapters 9, 10 &13 Powell, G. Bingham The Ideological Congruence Controversy: The Impact of Alternative Measures, Data, and Time Periods. Comparative Political Studies 42(12): Anderson, Christopher J Economic Voting and Political Context: A Comparative Perspective. Electoral Studies 19 (2-3): Blais, Andre, and Marc Andre Bodet Does Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence Between Citizens and Policy Makers? Comparative Political Studies 39: Budge, Ian, and Michael D. McDonald Election and Party System Effects on Policy Representation: Bringing Time into a Comparative Perspective. Electoral Studies 26: Butt, Sarah How Voters Evaluate Economic Competence: A Comparison between Parties In and Out of Power. Political Studies 54: De Vries, Catherine E. Erica E. Edwards, and Erik R. Tillman. Clarity of Responsibility Beyond the Pocketbook: How Political Institutions Condition EU Issue Voting. Forthcoming in Comparative Political Studies. Duch, Raymond M., and Randy Stevenson Assessing the Magnitude of the Economic Vote over Time and Across Nations. Electoral Studies 25: Fisher, Stephen D., and Sara B. Hobolt Coalition government and electoral accountability. Electoral Studies 29: Golder, Matt, and Jacek Stramski Ideological Congruence and Electoral Institutions. American Journal of Political Science 54(1): Hellwig, Timothy, and David Samuels Electoral Accountability and the Variety of Democratic Regimes. British Journal of Political Science 38: Hobolt, Sara Binzer, and Robert Klemmensen Responsive Government? Public Opinion and Government Policy Preferences in Britain and Denmark. Political Studies 53: Hobolt, Sara Binzer, and Robert Klemmensen Government Responsiveness and Political Competition in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Political Studies 41:

12 Week 13: April 13 th The European Union Hix, Simon The Political System of the European Union. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Chapters 5&6 Marks, Gary, Liesbet Hooghe and Kermit Blank European Integration from the 1980s: State-centric versus Multi-Level Governance. Journal of Common Market Studies 34: Marks, Gary and Carol J. Wilson The Past in the Present: A Cleavage Theory of Party Response to European Integration. British Journal of Political Science 30(3): Moravcsik, Andrew In Defense of the Democratic Deficit: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(4): *Gallagher, Laver, and Mair Chapter 5 Carrubba C.J The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics. Journal of Politics 63(1): De Vries, Catherine E Sleeping Giant: Fact or Fairytale? How European Integration Affects Vote Choice in National Elections. European Union Politics 8(3): Gabel, Matthew J., and Christopher Anderson The Structure of Citizen Attitudes and the European Political Space. Comparative Political Studies 35(8): Garry, John, Michael Marsh and Richard Sinnott Second Order versus Issue Voting Effects in EU Referenda: Evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty Referenda. European Union Politics 6(2): Hix, Simon Parliamentary Behavior with Two Principals: Preferences, Parties, and Voting in the European Parliament. American Journal of Political Science 46(3). Marks, Gary and Marco Steenbergen Understanding Political Contestation in the European Union. Comparative Political Studies 35(8): Marks, Gary, Carol J. Wilson and Leonard Ray National Political Parties and European Integration. American Journal of Political Science 46(3): Ray, Leonard When Parties Matter: The Conditional Influence of Party Positions on Voter Opinions about European Integration. Journal of Politics 65(4): Week 14: April 20 th Presentations Week 15: April 27 th Presentations Week 16: May 4 th No class *Research design papers due by 12:00 p.m., Friday, May 6 th 12