COURSE OUTLINE. Diplomacy and Negotiation. Political Science /

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1 COURSE OUTLINE Diplomacy and Negotiation Political Science / Dalhousie University Professor G.R. Winham Department of Political Science Fall 2003/04 Telephone: INTRODUCTION Negotiation is commonly defined as the act of conferring with others in order to reach an agreement or compromise, while diplomacy is defined as the management of international affairs, usually through negotiation. The former places emphasis on interpersonal relations, and can be applied in many situations, ranging from individual marriages, the purchase of a house or car, union-management relations, domestic politics, or international relations. The latter, on the other hand, places emphasis on the management of foreign relations through the application of the tool of negotiation. Diplomacy is a form of statecraft, and the student (or practitioner) must always be aware of the context in which this craft is applied. Therefore, this is a course in international relations, and it is intended as a primer on the diplomatic method. The course is divided into three sections. The first is intended for background, and will take up the role of diplomacy in international relations, and the nature and origins of the modern diplomatic system. The second section will examine practical problems in the conduct of diplomacy. A simulation exercise representing a negotiation over fishing rights between a developing country and a foreign company will be conducted to give students an appreciation of the tasks that are encountered in diplomatic negotiation. The third section will examine some perennial issues that arise in the study of diplomacy and negotiation. The class seminars will be based on discussions of regularly assigned readings, as well as various practical exercises identified under the term PRACTICUM in the syllabus. The work for the course (in addition to classwork) consists of preparation for and conduct of an in-class negotiation simulation exercise; one short essay; one term paper; and a final exam. The short essay is based on the simulation exercise, and will be words in length. The term paper will be submitted near the end of the course, and is based on a case study of diplomatic negotiation chosen by the student. Term papers are to be words, not including end notes or bibliography, and are expected to describe the case, explain the outcome, and analyze the most important lesson to be drawn from the case. Finally, graduate students will have an additional assignment to write a short review essay of selected items from the recommended readings. 1

2 2 Final grades for the course will be compiled as follows: Short Essay 15% Term Paper 40% Final Exam * 30% Class participation 15% 100% * Graduate Students: final exam 20%, review essay 10%. SYLLABUS I. DIPLOMACY, NEGOTIATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Class 1 (Sept. 8) Introduction to Course PRACTICUM: Prisoner s Dilemma as a Representation of the Diplomatic Dilemma No Class Reading Harold Nicolson, Diplomacy, Third Edition, Oxford, Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, Basic Books, Anatol Rapoport, Fights, Games and Debates, University of Michigan, Victor A. Kremenyuk (ed.), International Negotiation: Analysis, Approaches, Issues, 2 nd Ed., Jossey-Boss Publishers, Class 2 (Sept. 15) Origins of Modern Diplomacy Garrett Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy, Houghton-Mifflin, Parts 1-3. Thucydides, Book V: (Melian Dialogue).

3 3 Sir Frank Adcock and D.J. Mosley, Diplomacy in Ancient Greece, St. Martin s Press, Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue Between States, Methuen, Girija K. Mookerjee, Diplomacy: Theory and History, Trimurti Publications, Harold Nicolson, The Congress of Vienna: A Study in Allied Unity, , Harcourt, Class 3 (Sept. 22) Transition to Twentieth Century Diplomacy Mattingly, Part 4. Harold Nicolson, The Evolution of the Diplomatic Method,, Greenwood Press, Harold Nicolson, Peacemaking, 1919, Constable, Sasson Sofer Old and new diplomacy: a debate revised 14 Review of International Studies, (1988). R.B. Mowat, Diplomacy and Peace, Williams and Norgate, Class 4 (Sept. 29) Diplomacy of the Later Twentieth Century Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, Simon and Schuster, Chapter 1 The New World Order Chapter 16 Three Approaches to Peace Chapter 17 The Beginnings of the Cold War Chapter 30 The End of the Cold War Chapter 31 The New World Order Reconsidered G.R. Winham, Negotiation as a Management Process 30 World Politics, (1977).

4 4 Elmer Plischke (ed) Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans, A&I, Johan Kaufmann, Conference Diplomacy: An Introductory Analysis, 3 rd Ed., Macmillan, John Newhouse, Cold Dawn: The Story of SALT, Pergamon-Bassey, John E. Carroll (ed) International Environmental Diplomacy, Cambridge, Winifred Lang Negotiation as Diplomatic Rule-Making in International Negotiations, Vol 1:1 (1996) Fen Osler Hampson, with Michael Hart, Multilateral Negotiations: Lesson from Arms Control, Trade and the Environment, Johns Hopkins University Press, II. THE PRACTICE OF DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATION Class 5 (Oct. 6) Analysis of the Diplomatic Negotiation Process Francois de Callieres, On the Manner of Negotiating with Princes, University of Notre Dame, G.R. Winham, Practitioners Views of International Negotiation, World Politics, Vol. 32 (October, 1979). Fred C. Ikle, How Nations Negotiate, Praeger, Charles W. Thayer, Diplomat, Harper, I. William Zartman, Daniel Druckman, Lloyd Jensen, Dean G. Pruitt and H. Peyton Young, Negotiation as a Search for Justice, International Negotiation, Vol. 1:1 (1996), Christophe Dupont, Negotiation as Coalition Building, International Negotiation, Vol. 1:1 (1996)

5 5 October 13 NO CLASS - Thanksgiving Class 6 (Oct. 20) Advice from the Practitioners I Allan Gottlieb, I ll be with you in a minute, Mr. Ambassador : The Education of a Canadian Diplomat in Washington, University of Toronto Press, Preface, Chapters 1-2. John C. Campbell (ed), Successful Negotiation: Trieste 1954 Princeton: Princeton University Press, Introduction, Chapters 2-3, Conclusion. Gerard Smith, Double Talk: The Story of SALT I, University Press of America, Richard Elliot Benedick, Ozone Diplomacy: New Direction in Safeguarding the Planet, Harvard, John J. Maresca, To Helsinki: The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, , Duke, Class 7 (Oct. 27) Advice from the Practitioners II PRACTICUM: VCR Tape on The Dean s Seminar on Best Diplomatic Practices, March 15, 1994, with John W. Weekes, Canada s NAFTA Negotiator. Canadian Foreign Service Institute, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Gilbert R. Winham, Enforcement of Environmental Measures: Negotiating the NAFTA Environmental Side Agreement, Journal of Environment and Development, Vol. 3:1, (Winter 1994).

6 6 Maxwell A. Cameron and Brian W. Tomlin, Negotiating North American Free Trade, International Negotiation, Vol 5:1 (2000) Michael Hart, with Bill Dymond and Colin Robertson, Decision at Midnight: Inside the Canada-US Free Trade Negotiations, University of British Columbia Press, Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey J. Schott, NAFTA: An Assessment, (Revised Ed.), Washington: Institute for International Economic, Class 8 (Nov. 3) Practical Negotiating Skills PRACTICUM: The Real Estate Negotiation (in-class simulation exercise) Briefing for Fisheries Contract Negotiation: Simulation Exercise Fred C. Ikle and Nathan Leites, Political negotiation as a process of modifying utilities, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol 6:1 (1962). I. William Zartman, Negotiation as a joint decision-making process, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol 21:4 (1977). Roger Fisher, William Ury and Bruce Patton, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, 2 nd Ed., Penguin, I. William Zartman and Maureen Berman, The Practical Negotiator, Yale University Press, Gerard I. Nierenberg, Fundamental of Negotiating, Hawthorne, Class 9 (Nov. 10) Fisheries Contract Negotiation PRACTICUM: Fisheries Contract Negotiation: Simulation Exercise.

7 7 No Class Reading III. ISSUES IN DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATION Class 10 (Nov. 17) Influences on Negotiation: Domestic Politics and External Environments Robert D. Putnam, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games, International Organization, Vol. 42 (Summer 1988) Gilbert R. Winham, Case Study: The U.S. Wine Gallon Concession (How the Biggest Chip in the Tokyo Round Was Negotiated) in Winham, International Trade and the Tokyo Round Negotiation, Princeton University Press, 1986, pp [Also read Introduction, pp ] John Odell, Market Conditions and International Economic Negotiation: Japan and the United States in 1971" in Victor Kremenyuk and Gunnar Sjostedt, International Economic Negotiation: models versus Reality, Edward Elgar, 2000, Peter B. Evans, Harold K. Jacobson and Robert D. Putnam (eds.), Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Bargaining and Domestic Politics, University of California Press, Richard E. Walton and Robert B. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations, McGraw Hill, Class 11 (Nov. 24) International Economic Negotiations Class Reading (required) Gilbert R. Winham, Multilateral Economic Negotiation, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 3:2 (April, 1987), William S. Merkin, et al, U.S. Canada Free Trade Agreement, ", International Negotiation, Vol. 1:2, (1996), John S. Odell, Making and Breaking Impasses in International Regimes: The WTO, Seattle and Doha, Working Paper, January 22, 2003.

8 8 John S. Odell, Negotiating the World Economy, Cornell, Class 12 (Dec. 1) Diplomacy as Personal Interaction Lee Blessing, A Walk in the Woods (a play in two acts), Dramatists Play Service, Inc., Strobe Talbot, The Master of the Game: Paul Nitze and the Nuclear Peace, Vintage Books, 1988, pp. ix-xi, 7-19, , Karen Mingst and Craig P. Warkentin, What Difference Does Culture Make in Multilateral Negotiations?, Global Governance, Vol. 2:2 (May-Aug. 1996) Paul H. Nitze (with Ann M. Smith and Steven L. Reardon) From Hiroshima to Glasnost: At the Center of Decision - a Memoir, Grove Weidenfield, Abba Eban, The New Diplomacy: International Affairs in the Modern Age, Randon House, 1983.