Agenda-Setting Dynamics

Transcription

1 Agenda-Setting Dynamics Neha Chowdhury mcmaster.ca Shireen Safarzadeh-Amiri

2 Overview Thesis Part 1: Informational Biases- Bennett Journalistic Perspectives- Hackett Part 2: Issue Attributes &Agenda-Setting by Media- Soroka Conclusion/Activity

3 Thesis

4 Thesis The media is not the only party that can set an agenda, rather, agendas are set based on issue salience for different sections of the population.

5 News: The Politics of Illusion Four Informational Biases Personalization Dramatization Fragmentation Authority Disorder Bias

6 News: The Politics of Illusion Four Informational Biases Personalization Dramatization } Fragmentation Authority Disorder Bias

7 News: The Politics of Illusion Four Informational Biases Personalization Dramatization } Connected Concepts Fragmentation Authority Disorder Bias

8 Personalization and Dramatization Personalization The hook: human interest and individual actors Can t-see-the-forest-for-the-trees Dramatization The hook: events that can be dramatized

9 Name that bias!

10 Name that bias!

11 Fragmentation When news is presented as a fractured picture Emphasis of the individual actors Framing: Episodic vs Thematic

12 Fragmentation When news is presented as a fractured picture Emphasis of the individual actors Framing: Episodic vs Thematic

13 What is this?

14 What is this?

15 It s a Skateboard!

16 It s a Skateboard!

17 Authority Disorder Changing perspectives on authority Journalists portray authority as having no control over mayhem and chaos

18 Journalist s Perspective The Issues Lack of resources Work routines External Pressures Internalized Pressures

19 Lack of Resources Lack of time, money, and news space Fewer journalists

20 Lack of Resources Lack of time, money, and news space Fewer journalists Superficial News

21 Work Routines Creatures of habit...laziness? Pack journalism

22 Work Routines Creatures of habit...laziness? Pack journalism Simplification (black and white)

23 External Pressures News Value Ownership AD Advertisers News Value: The degree to which news will draw in the audiences attention

24 Internalized Pressures Don t want to alienate sources

25 Internalized Pressures Don t want to alienate sources Self-Censorship

26 Internalized Pressures Don t want to alienate sources Self-Censorship

27 Issue Attributes and Agenda Setting - Stuart N. Soroka Three agendas: Public, Policy, and Media Media s role in the formation of public opinion and policy

28 Issue Attributes and Agenda Setting - Stuart N. Soroka Three agendas: Public, Policy, and Media Media s role in the formation of public opinion and policy The Bottom Up Approach:

29 Issue Attributes and Agenda Setting - Stuart N. Soroka Three agendas: Public, Policy, and Media Media s role in the formation of public opinion and policy The Bottom Up Approach:

30 Shift in Approach Media Audience Real world Issues

31 Shift in Approach Before Media Audience Real world Issues

32 Shift in Approach Before Media Audience Real world Issues Now

33 Issue attribute theories more obtrusive an issues more likely experienced on an individual level Issues not experienced on an individual level

34 Issue attribute theories Obtrusive : Theory by Zucker (1978) more obtrusive an issues more likely experienced on an individual level Issues not experienced on an individual level

35 Issue attribute theories Obtrusive : Theory by Zucker (1978) more obtrusive an issues more likely experienced on an individual level Unobtrusive Issues not experienced on an individual level

36 Dynamics of Influence Media Agenda Public Agenda Real World Issues Policy Agenda

37 Inflation Illustrated Media Agenda Inflation Policy Agenda

38 Inflation Illustrated Media Agenda Public Agenda Inflation Policy Agenda

39 Environment Demonstrated Public Agenda Environment Policy Agenda

40 Environment Demonstrated Media Agenda Public Agenda Environment Policy Agenda

41 Debt and Deficit Media Agenda Public Agenda Debt & Deficit

42 Debt and Deficit Media Agenda Public Agenda Debt & Deficit Policy Agenda

43 Method Media Agenda: Seven different english speaking newspapers Public Agenda: Open ended question responses Policy Agenda: Questions period, Throne Speech, private members bills, governmental bills

44 Soroka s Equations

45 Soroka s Equations

46 Soroka s Equations MD- Media agenda THSP- Throne Speech PB- Public agenda QP- Policy agenda PMb- Private Member s Bills GB-Governmental Bills RW-Real-World Agenda Ec/Bd- dummy variables

47 Granger Test

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49 The Point Obtrusiveness of issues result in different agendasetting dynamics among the media, public, and policy makers Media influence is restricted if certain issues are directly experienced by the public Policy makers have a hand in initiating issue salience

50 Final thoughts Thesis: The media is not the only party that can set an agenda, rather, agendas are set based on issue salience for different sections of the population. 1. Informational biases result from pressures in the workplace 2. Soroka introduces real world issues as affecting agenda setting dynamics

51 Acknowledgements Bennett, L. (2004). News: The politics of illusion (6th ed.). Pearson Education. Chapter 2 News Content: Four Information Biases that Matter. Hackett, R. (2000). The Missing News: Filters and blind spots in Canada s press. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Alternative Studies. Chapter 3: Journalists views of the media pp Soroka, S. (2002). Issue attributes and agenda-setting by media, the public and policymakers in Canada. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14,