PS 2212: U.S. Executive Branch Politics

Transcription

1 PS 2212: U.S. Executive Branch Politics Professor George Krause Office Location: 4442 Posvar Hall Class: Monday: 9:30am 12:00pm Class Room: 4625 Posvar Hall Office Hours: Monday: 12:30pm 2:30pm Office Phone: or by Appointment E Mail Address: gkrause@pitt.edu Course Overview The executive branch of government in a system of separated and shared powers in the United States is a unique institutional actor insofar that it is charged with both making and implementing public policies. Specifically, in PS 2212 we will examine both the theoretical and empirical literature on the American presidency/executive branch politics, with some attention devoted to executive politics in the American states. This course focuses primarily on U.S. federal executive branch politics by analyzing bureaucratic organizations and the American presidency. In this course, we will restrict our attention to both modern organizational and institutional theories used to explain U.S. executive branch performance. That is, this course is focused exclusively on the study of political institutions and organizations material on political behavior related topics under the rubric of U.S. executive branch politics (e.g., presidential nominations, presidential elections, popular support) are covered in other Ph.D. seminars on Electoral Behavior and Mass Political Behavior taught by Professors Barker and Hurwitz, respectively. The theories and concepts covered in this course are directly applicable to the study of presidential systems (e.g., Latin American nations), and also useful for understanding executive branch politics in parliamentary systems (e.g., many European nations). This course is divided into three sections. The first unit will cover the relevant inter disciplinary theoretical research on organizations and institutions from both economics and sociology traditions. The second unit consists of the study of public bureaucracy. This unit will focus on both the internal and external functioning of U.S. public agencies and boards/ commissions. Topics include task activities, intra-organizational relations, bureaucratic autonomy versus political control perspectives, and the problem of multiple principals and common agency. The third unit covers the study of the American presidency. This unit consists of analyzing topics such as the process of institutionalization, staffing and termination of public agencies; delegation, lawmaking, appointments, vetoes, unilateral action, and presidential policymaking.

2 2 Course Pedagogy Class sessions will be designed in the following manner. I will make a list of research questions available for each class the week prior to the discussion of the assigned readings. These assigned course readings will come from required books students are expected to purchase and/or journal articles which can be downloaded from the Internet (except in rare circumstances in which the instructor will make such materials available to students). All students will use these research questions to serve as the basis for class discussion. The student class leader will lead discussion for the remainder of the seminar session. As instructor, I will reserve the right to refocus/redirect/expound upon the discussion as I deem appropriate throughout the seminar session. Students will utilize both the assigned readings and corresponding class discussions to motivate their short paper assignments. I expect Ph.D. students to behave as professional political scientists who are engaged in the acquisition and creation of social scientific knowledge. As a result, students are required to fully participate in a professional manner during class seminar discussions i.e., fully read all of the assigned required readings for a given class before we meet, and to be able to competently discuss this material within a classroom setting. A seminar where students are not well prepared and willing to engage the material with one another is unacceptable graduate student behavior, and thus will adversely affect a student s final course grade. Although the class seminar discussions are a collaborative enterprise, written assignments will be done independently by each student. That is, implicit or covert collaboration on all writing assignments is forbidden. The assigned texts required for this course are as follows and can be purchased at the university bookstore. Required Texts/Books Presidency Oriented Texts (P) Cameron, Charles Veto Bargaining: Presidents and the Politics of Negative Power. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN#(Paperback): (P) Edwards, George C. III, John H. Kessel, and Bert A. Rockman Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN#(Paperback): (P) Howell, William G Power Without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN#(Paperback): (P) Lewis, David E The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN#(paperback): (P)

3 Light, Paul C The President s Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice from Kennedy to Clinton. ISBN#(Paperback): (P) Rudalevige, Andrew Managing the President s Program: Presidential Leadership and Legislative Policy Formulation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN#(Paperback): (P) Skowronek, Stephen The Politics Presidents Make: Presidential Leadership and Legislative Policy Formulation from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University (Belknap) Press. ISBN#(paperback): (P) 3 Bureaucracy Oriented Texts (B) Carpenter, Daniel P The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputation, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN#(paperback): (B) Horn, Murray The Political Economy of Public Administration: Institutional Choice in the Public Sector. ISBN#(paperback): (B) Miller, Gary J Managerial Dilemmas: The Political Economy of Hierarchy. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN#(paperback): (B) Simon, Herbert A Administrative Behavior. Fourth Edition. New York: Macmillan. ISBN#(paperback): (B) Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. ISBN#(paperback): (B) In addition, the remainder of the assigned readings for this course will come in the form of journal articles, book chapters, and working papers made available either through the Internet, or through the electronic reserve room in Hillman Library (e password: execpol). For our seminar sessions, students are only expected to read the required readings list prior to each class session the recommended additional readings list are strictly for informational purposes if you seek further exploration on a given topic.

4 4 Course Grading Requirements Students will be expected to master the following tasks during the course of the semester: (1) comprehend, synthesize, and critique the current state of knowledge on this subject matter; (2) set forth creative, persuasive, and well grounded original ideas that extends our current state of knowledge on this subject matter (in the form of rethinking an existing research problem or addressing a brand new research problem); and (3) demonstrate the ability to conduct quality original scholarship that possess the potential to eventually result in publications in quality referred academic journals. Each student s final course grade will reflect the three goals of the course described above. Specifically, the class session leader role, group discussions, and critique of a classmate s original research paper will hone each student s ability to comprehend, synthesize, and critique the current state of knowledge on this subject matter. Each student s ability to set forth creative, persuasive, and well grounded original ideas that extends our current state of knowledge on this subject matter will be evaluated from the several short papers on various topics assigned throughout the semester. Finally, each student s ability to conduct quality original scholarship will be evaluated through an original research paper project and corresponding paper presentation to the entire class during finals week. A. Evaluation of Comprehension, Synthesis, & Critique of the Existing Literature: A.1 Seminar Session Leader: 25% A.2 Discussant for Research Paper: 10% The seminar session leader will lead discussion on a given seminar session meeting. This student is expected to be able to effectively lead and facilitate discussion based upon the assigned course readings and literature review questions made available by the instructor. At the same time, however, all other participants will also be held responsible for actively participating in a professional manner. Failure to regularly participate in a productive manner as a non leader participant will adversely affect one s course grade. The discussant role pertains to critiquing a colleague s original research paper at the end of the semester. This should appear in the form of a 2 3 single spaced typed pages of comments submitted jointly to both the author and instructor at the time of the original research paper presentations during the Monday following the completion of finals week during the Spring 2009 semester (Monday April 27, 2009). The first 10% 25% of these remarks should be dedicated to a preamble consisting of a brief statement about what the paper is about, and what is good about it. The remaining 75% 90% of your remarks should entail constructive comments & suggestions intended to improve the author s current research paper.

5 5 B. Evaluation of Extensions & New Ideas to the Existing Literature: B.1 Short Essays: 25% (5 Papers 5% Per Essay) Each short essay will be motivated by 1 2 questions posed by the instructor. These questions are intended to push students beyond the Comprehension, Synthesis, & Critique of the Literature that occurs with the course readings and class seminar sessions by having each student begin to think systematically about original research ideas that are grounded in the substantive literature, yet theoretically motivated in some viable sense. These short essays will be 5 pages long (double spaced excluding endnotes & references), and must confirm to acceptable professional standards in accordance with the APSA Style Manual. These short essays are required to be submitted to the instructor at the very beginning of class the following week after our seminar discussion when that particular topic/material is covered. C. Evaluation of Original Scholarship: C.1 Completed Draft Version of Research Paper: 10% (Due Monday March 30, 2009) C.2 Final Version of Research Paper: 30% (Due Monday April 20, 2009) The research paper will consist of an original scholarly inquiry into a substantive problem relating to the topics broadly covered in the course. This paper should be written as a journal-style article manuscript and must comprise the following components: (1) stating a research puzzle/ question [incorporating a literature review]; (2) A theory used to explain the puzzle/question (including central hypotheses); (3) substantive information on the empirical laboratory used to analyze the linkage between theory and puzzle/question; (4) data, ancillary hypotheses, and methods; (5) empirical findings; and (6) conclusion/implications. I will not grant students an I (Incomplete) grade unless under dire circumstances as deemed by the instructor. This means that students should immediately begin looking into research topics and select a research paper topic that can be completed during the course of the semester as early as possible. Paper Topics Must Be Approved By The Instructor No Later than Friday February 6, Failure to complete any assignment (including the Research Paper topic approval) in a timely manner consistent with the instructor s deadlines will automatically result in zero points for that assignment/project. Research Presentations and Corresponding Discussant Roles will take place on Monday April 27 (9:30am 12:00pm).

6 6 CLASS 1 FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Class Leader: Nestor Castaneda Angarita Simon, Herbert A Administrative Behavior. New York: Macmillan.(Chapters 1 4, 6 7, 9) Hammond, Thomas H In Defense of the Luther Gulick s Notes on the Theory of Organization=.@ Public Administration 68(Summer): [E Reserves] DiMaggio, Paul, and Walter Powell AThe Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.@ American Sociological Review 48(April): [JSTOR] Hannan, Michael, and John Freeman AThe Population Ecology of Organizations.@ American Journal of Sociology 85(March): [JSTOR] Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 2, 4 6) Recommended Additional Readings: Cyert, Richard M., and James G. March A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall. Gulick, Luther H ANotes on the Theory of Organization. In Papers on The Science of Administration. Luther Gulick and Lyndal Urwick, eds. New York: Institute of Public Administration, Columbia University. Perrow, Charles M Complex Organizations. New York: Random House. Stinchcombe, Arthur M Information and Organizations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Thompson, James D (Original: 1967). Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. CLASS 2

7 7 NEW INSTITUTIONAL THEORIES & THE ECONOMICS OF ORGANIZATION Class Leader: Brandon Myers Moe, Terry M AThe New Economics of Organization. American Journal of Political Science 28(November) [JSTOR] Moe, Terry M The Politics of Structural Choice: Toward A Theory of Public Bureaucracy. In Organizational Theory: from Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond. Oliver E. Williamson, ed. New York: Oxford University Press. [E Reserves] Williamson, Oliver E ATransactions Cost Economics and Organization Theory.@ In Organizational Theory: from Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond. Oliver E. Williamson, ed. New York: Oxford University Press. [E Reserves] Horn, Murray J The Political Economy of Public Administration: Institutional Choice in the Public Sector. New York: Cambridge University Press. (Chapters 1 3, 7 8) Barro, Robert J., and David Gordon ARules, Discretion, and Reputation in a Model of Monetary Policy.@ Journal of Monetary Economics. 12(July): [JSTOR] Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 4 5, 18 19) Recommended Additional Readings: Alchian, Armen, and Harold Demsetz AProduction, Information Costs, and Economic Organization.@ American Economic Review. 62(December): Bertelli, Anthony M., and Laurence Lynn, Jr Public Management: The Madisonian Solution. Administration & Society 38(1). Krause, George Organizational Dilemmas and Coordination in U.S. Executive Politics Presidential Studies Quarterly. 39(March): Forthcoming. Meier, Kenneth J., and George A. Krause The Scientific Study of Bureaucracy: An Overview. In Politics, Policy, and Organizations: Frontiers in the Scientific Study of

8 8 Public Bureaucracy. George A. Krause and Kenneth J. Meier. Editors. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Meier, Kenneth J., and George A. Krause Conclusion: An Agenda for the Scientific Study of Bureaucracy. In Politics, Policy, and Organizations: Frontiers in the Scientific Study of Public Bureaucracy. George A. Krause and Kenneth J. Meier. Editors. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Miller, Gary J., and Terry M. Moe Bureaucrats, Legislators, and the Size of Government. American Political Science Review. 77(June): Pratt, John W., and Richard Zeckhauser Principals and Agents. Boston, MA: Harvard University Business School Press. (Chapter 1) CLASS 3 INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS, I: TASK ACTIVITIES Class Leader: Ben Melusky Carpenter, Daniel P Groups, the Media, Agency Waiting Costs, and FDA Drug Approval. American Journal of Political Science 46(July): [JSTOR] Brehm, John, and Scott Gates Donut Shops and Speed Traps: Evaluating Models of Supervision on Police Behavior. American Journal of Political Science 37(May): [JSTOR] Krause, George A., and J. Kevin Corder Explaining Bureaucratic Optimism: Theory and Evidence from U.S. Federal Executive Agency Macroeconomic Forecasts. American Political Science Review 101(February): [APSR website] Scholz, John T., and B. Dan Wood AEquity, Efficiency, and Politics: Democratic Controls on the Tax Collector.@ American Journal of Political Science 43(October): [JSTOR] Ting. Michael M Organizational Capacity. Typescript. Columbia University.

9 9 Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 3, 9, 12, 17) Recommended Additional Readings: Kaufman, Herbert A The Forest Ranger. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Downs, Anthony Inside Bureaucracy. Boston, MA: Little, Brown Scholz, T., Jim Twombly, and Barbara Headrick AStreet Level Political Controls over the Federal Political Science Review 85: (September): 829B850. Brehm, John, and Scott Gates Working, Shirking, and Sabotage: Bureaucratic Response to a Democratic Public. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Huber, Gregory A The Craft of Bureaucratic Neutrality: Interests and Influence of Government Regulation in Occupational Safety. New York: Cambridge University Press. Krause, George A., and James W. Douglas Does Agency Competition Improve the Quality of Policy Analysis? Evidence from OMB and CBO Current Year Fiscal Projections. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 25(Winter): CLASS 4 INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS, II: INTRA ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS & COORDINATION Class Leader: Brandon Lenoir Hammond, Thomas H., and Paul A. Thomas The Impossibility of a Neutral Hierarchy. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 5(Spring): [JLEO website] Miller, Gary J., and Andrew B. Whitford The Principal s Moral Hazard: Constraints on the Use of Incentives in Hierarchy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 17(April): [JPART website]

10 Krause, George A ACoping with Uncertainty: Analyzing Risk Propensities of SEC Budgetary Decisions, American Political Science Review 97(February) [JSTOR] Krause, George A., David E. Lewis, and James W. Douglas Political Appointments, Civil Service Systems, and Bureaucratic Competence: Organizational Balancing and Executive Branch Revenue Forecasts in the American States. American Journal of Political Science 50(July): [JSTOR] Miller, Gary J Managerial Dilemmas: The Political Economy of Hierarchy. New York: Cambridge University Press. (Chapters 1 3, 5 9) Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 7 8, 10) 10 Recommended Additional Readings: Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman In the Web of Politics: Three Decades of the U.S. Federal Executive. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Bendor, Jonathan Parallel Systems: Redundancy in Government. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Hammond, Thomas H AAgenda Control, Organizational Structure, and Bureaucratic Politics.@ American Journal of Political Science 30(May): 379B420. Heclo, Hugh A Government of Strangers: Executive Politics in Washington. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Heimann, C.F. Larry Understanding the Challenger Disaster: Organizational Structure and the Design of Reliable Systems. American Political Science Review 87(June): Kaufman, Herbert A The Administrative Behavior of Federal Bureau Chiefs. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Light, Paul C Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Seidman, Harold, and Robert Gilmour Politics, Position, and Power. New York: Oxford University Press. Ting, Michael M A Strategic Theory of Bureaucratic Redundancy. American Journal of Political Science 47(April):

11 11 Ting, Michael M A Theory of Jurisdictional Assignments in Bureaucracies. American Journal of Political Science 46(April): [JSTOR] Whitford, Andrew B Decentralized Policy Implementation. Political Research Quarterly 60(March): [PRQ website] CLASS 5 BUREAUCRATIC AUTONOMY PERSPECTIVES Class Leader: Kristen Coopie Bawn, Kathleen Political Control versus Bureaucratic Expertise: Congressional Choices About Administrative Procedures. American Political Science Review 89(March): [JSTOR] Carpenter, Daniel P The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputation, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Chapters 1 2, 8 10, Conclusion) Gailmard, Sean, and John W. Patty Slackers and Zealots: Civil Service, Policy Discretion, and Bureaucratic Expertise. American Journal of Political Science. 51(October): Furlong, Scott, R Political Influence on the Bureaucracy: The Bureaucracy Speaks. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8(January): [JPART website] Krause, George A Federal Reserve Policy Decision Making: Political and Bureaucratic Influences. American Journal of Political Science 38(February): [JSTOR] Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 11 12)

12 12 Recommended Additional Readings: Bendor, Jonathan B., Serge Taylor, and Roland Van Gaalen Bureaucratic Expertise versus Legislative Authority: A Model of Deception and Monitoring in Budgeting. American Political Science Review 79(December): Hammond, Thomas H., and Gary J. Miller A Social Choice Perspective on Authority and Expertise in Bureaucracy. American Journal of Political Science 29(February): Keiser, Lael R The Influence of Women s Political Power on Bureaucratic Output: The Case of Child Support Enforcement. British Journal of Political Science 27(January): Krause, George A The Institutional Dynamics of Policy Administration: Bureaucratic Influence over Securities Regulation. American Journal of Political Science 40(November): Niskanen, William Bureaucrats and Politicians. Journal of Law and Economics 18: Rourke, Francis Bureaucracy, Politics, and Public Policy. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. Ting, Michael M Whistleblowing. American Political Science Review 102(June): CLASS 6 EXTERNAL CONTROL OF PUBLIC AGENCIES: PRESIDENTS, LEGISLATURES, INTEREST GROUPS, & COURTS Class Leader: Nestor Castaneda Angarita Balla, Steven J Administrative Procedures and Political Control of the Bureaucracy. American Political Science Review 92(September): [JSTOR] Canes Wrone, Brandice Bureaucratic Decisions and the Composition of the Lower Courts. American Journal of Political Science 47(April): [JSTOR]

13 13 Carpenter, Daniel P Adaptive Signal Processing, Hierarchy, and Budgetary Control in Federal Regulation. American Political Science Review 90(June): [JSTOR] McCubbins, Mathew D., and Thomas Schwartz Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms. American Journal of Political Science 28(February): [JSTOR] McNollgast (McCubbins, Mathew D., Roger G. Noll, and Barry R. Weingast) Administrative Procedures as instruments of Political Control. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 3(April): [JLEO website] Miller, Gary J Above Politics: Credible Commitment and Efficiency in the Design of Public Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(April): [JPART website] Moe, Terry M Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB. American Political Science Review 79(December): [JSTOR] Shipan, Charles R Regulatory Regimes, Agency Actions, and the Conditional Nature of Congressional Influence. American Political Science Review 98(August): [JSTOR] Recommended Additional Readings: Wilson, James Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. Second Edition. New York: Basic Books. (Chapters 13 16) Plus, additional readings too numerous to list here but can be obtained from me if you wish to write a research paper on this topic. CLASS 7 MULTIPLE PRINCIPALS & COMMON AGENCY: SEPARATION OF POWERS (HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL) Class Leader: Brandon Myers

14 Epstein, David, and Sharyn O Halloran Divided Government and the Design of Administrative Procedures: A Formal Model and Empirical Test. Journal of Politics 58: [JSTOR] Huber, John D., Charles R. Shipan, and Madelaine Pfahler Legislatures and Statutory Control of the Bureaucracy. American Journal of Political Science 45(April): [JSTOR] Long, Norton E Bureaucracy and Constitutionalism. American Political Science Review 46(September): [JSTOR] Miller, Gary Above Politics: Credible Commitment and Efficiency in the Design of Public Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(April): [ Wood, B. Dan Modeling Federal Implementation as a System: The Clean Air Case. American Journal of Political Science 36(February): [JSTOR] Volden, Craig A Formal Model of the Politics of Delegation in a Separation of Powers System. American Journal of Political Science 46(January): [JSTOR] Whitford, Andrew B The Pursuit of Political Control by Multiple Principals. Journal of Politics 67(February): [JSTOR] 14 Additional Recommended Readings: Epstein, David, and Sharyn O Halloran Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making Under Separate Powers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gailmard, Sean Multiple Principals and Oversight of Bureaucratic Policymaking. Journal of Theoretical Politics (Forthcoming) Hammond, Thomas H., and Jack H. Knott Who Controls the Bureaucracy? Presidential Power, Congressional Dominance, and Bureaucratic Autonomy in a Model of Multi Institutional Policymaking. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 12(April): Huber, John D., and Charles R. Shipan Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

15 Morris, Irwin, L Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve: The Politics of American Monetary Policymaking. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Potoski, Matthew, and Neal D. Woods Designing Clean Air Agencies: Administrative Procedures and Bureaucratic Autonomy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 11(April): Whitford, Andrew B Decentralization and Political Control of the Bureaucracy. J ournal of Theoretical Politics 14(April): Wood, B. Dan, and Richard W. Waterman Bureaucratic Dynamics: The Role of a Bureaucracy in a Democracy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 15 CLASS 8 STATE OF AMERICAN PRESIDENCY RESEARCH & HISTORICAL INSTITUTIONALISM Class Leader: Ben Melusky Edwards, George C., III, John H. Kessel, and Bert A. Rockman Introduction. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Moe, Terry M Presidents, Institutions, and Theory. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. James, Scott C The Evolution of the Presidency: Between the Promise and the Fear. in Joel D. Aberbach and Mark A. Peterson, Editors. The Executive Branch. New York: Oxford University Press. [E Reserves] Whittington, Keith E., and Daniel P. Carpenter Executive Power in American Institutional Development. Perspectives on Politics 1(September): [E Reserves] Skowronek, Stephen The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University (Belknap) Press. (Chapters 1 3, & 7 8).

16 16 Recommended Additional Readings: Neustadt, Richard Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan. New York: The Free Press. Rudalevige, Andrew The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power After Watergate. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Hager, Gregory L., and Terry Sullivan President Centered and Presidency Centered Explanations of Presidential Public Activity. American Journal of Political Science 38(November): Dickinson, Matthew J., and Andrew Rudalevige. 2004/2005. Presidents, Responsiveness, and Competence: Revisiting the Golden Age at the Bureau of the Budget. Political Science Quarterly 119(Winter): King, Gary The Methodology of Presidential Research. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Miller, Gary J Formal Theory and the Presidency. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Hargove, Erwin C Presidential Personality and Leadership Style. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.

17 17 CLASS 9 INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY, I: EOP UNITS & EXECUTIVE BRANCH INSTITUTIONALIZATION Class Leader: Brandon Lenoir Feldman, Martha Organizational Theory and the Presidency. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Dickinson, Matthew J., and Kathryn Dunn Tepas The Revolving Door at the White House: Explaining Increasing Turnover Rates Among Presidential Advisers, Journal of Politics. 64(May): [J STOR] Dickinson, Matthew J., and Matthew J. Lebo Reexamining the Growth of the Institutional Presidency, Journal of Politics 69(February): [JOP website] Rudalevige, Andrew The Structure of Leadership: Presidents, Hierarchies, and Information Flows. Presidential Studies Quarterly 35(June): [PSQ website] Rudalevige, Andrew Managing the President s Program: Presidential Leadership and Legislative Policy Formulation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (All) Additional Recommended Readings: Burke, John, P The Institutional Presidency: Organizing and Managing the White House from FDR to Clinton. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Dickinson, Matthew Bitter Harvest: Presidential Power and the Growth of the Presidential Branch. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ragsdale, Lyn, and John J. Theis, III The Institutionalization of the American Presidency. American Journal of Political Science 41(October): Krause, George A Separated Powers and Institutional Growth in the Presidential and Congressional Branches: Distinguishing Between Short Run versus Long Run Dynamics. Political Research Quarterly 55(March)

18 Krause, George A The Secular Decline in Presidential Domestic Policy Making: An Organizational Perspective. Presidential Studies Quarterly 34(4): Walcott, Charles E., and Karen M. Hult White House Structure and Decision Making: Elaborating the Standard Model. Presidential Studies Quarterly 35(June): CLASS 10 INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY, II: STAFFING/APPOINTMENTS/REORGANIZATIONS/TERMINATIONS Class Leader: Kristen Coopie Heclo, Hugh OMB and the Presidency The Problem of Neutral Competence. The Public Interest. 38(Winter): [E Reserves] Rourke, Francis E Responsiveness and Neutral Competence in American Bureaucracy. Public Administration Review 52(November/December): [E Reserves] Lewis, David E The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Chapters 1 4, 7 8) Lewis, David E The Politics of Agency Termination: Confronting the Myth of Agency Immortality. Journal of Politics 64(February): [J STOR] Meier, Kenneth J Executive Reorganization of Government: Impact on Employment and Expenditures. American Journal of Political Science 24(August): [J STOR] Moe, Terry M The Politicized Presidency. in John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson, eds. Can Government Govern? Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.. [E Reserves]

19 19 Additional Recommended Readings: Bertelli, Anthony M Determinants of Bureaucratic Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Department of Treasury. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory 17(April). Carpenter, Daniel P., and David E. Lewis Political Learning from Rare Events: Poisson Inference, Fiscal Constraints, and the Lifetime of Bureaus. Political Analysis. 12(Summer): Cohen, Davd B., and George A. Krause "Presidents, Chiefs of Staff, and White House Organizational Behavior: Survey Evidence From the Reagan and Bush Administrations. Presidential Studies Quarterly 30(September): Gill, Jeff, and Richard W. Waterman Solidary and Functional Costs: Explaining the Presidential Appointment Contradiction. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14(October): Kernell, Samuel The Evolution of the White House Staff. in John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson, eds. Can Government Govern? Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.. Walcott, Charles, E., and Karen M. Hult Empowering the White House: Governing under Nixon, Ford, and Carter. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press. CLASS 11 PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS: LAWMAKING Class Leader: Nestor Castaneda Angarita Canes Wrone, Brandice, and Scott DeMarchi Presidential Approval and Legislative Success. Journal of Politics 64(May): [J STOR] Canes Wrone, Brandice The President s Legislative Influence from Public Appeals. American Journal of Political Science 45(April): [J STOR] Krehbiel, Keith Where s the Party? British Journal of Political Science. 23(April): [JSTOR]

20 20 Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Mathew D. McCubbins Presidential Influence on Congressional Appropriation Decisions. American Journal of Political Science 32(August): [J STOR] Sullivan, Terry Headcounts, Expectations, and Presidential Coalitions in Congress. American Journal of Political Science 32(August): [J STOR] Additional Recommended Readings: Bond, Jon R., and Richard Fleisher The President in the Legislative Arena. University of Chicago Press. Edwards, George C. III At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Peterson, Mark A Legislating Together: The White House and Capitol Hill from Eisenhower to Reagan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. CLASS 12 PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS: APPOINTMENTS & VETOES Class Leader: Brandon Myers Cameron, Charles Veto Bargaining: Presidents and the Politics of Negative Power. New York: Cambridge University Press. (Chapters 1 3, 5 7) Gilmour, John B Institutional and Individual Influences on the President s Veto. Journal of Politics 64(February): [J STOR] McCarty, Nolan, and Keith Poole Veto Power and Legislation: An Empirical Analysis of Executive Legislative Bargaining from Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 11(April): [E Reserves] McCarty, Nolan The Appointments Dilemma. American Journal of Political Science. 48(July): [J STOR]

21 Moraski, Bryon J., and Charles R. Shipan The Politics of Supreme Court Nominations: A Theory of Institutional Constraints and Choices. American Journal of Political Science 43(October): [J STOR] Nokken, Timothy P., and Brian R. Sala. Confirmation Dynamics: A Model of Presidential Appointments to Independent Agencies, Journal of Theoretical Politics 12(January): [E Reserves] 21 Additional Recommended Readings: Feldmann, Sven, and Anthony M. Bertelli Strategic Appointments. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory 17(January). Krutz, Glen., Richard Fleisher, and Jon R. Bond From Abe Fortas to Zoe Baird: Why Some Presidential Nominations Fail in the Senate. American Political Science Review 92(December): McCarty, Nolan, and Rose Razaghian Advice and Consent: Senate Responses to Executive Branch Nominations, American Journal of Political Science 43(July): Shipan, Charles R., and Megan L. Shannon Delaying Justice(s): A Duration Model of Supreme Court Confirmations. 47(October): Woolley, John T Institutions, the Election Cycle, and the Presidential Veto. American Journal of Political Science 35(May):

22 22 CLASS 13 UNILATERAL PRESIDENTIAL ACTION: Class Leader: Ben Melusky Deering, Christopher, and Forrest Maltzman The Politics of Executive Orders: Legislative Constraints on Executive Orders. Political Research Quarterly 52(December): [J STOR] Howell, William G Power Without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Chapters 1 5) Krause, George A., and Jeffrey E. Cohen Opportunity, Constraints, and the Development of the Institutional Presidency: The Case of Executive Order Issuance, " Journal of Politics 62(February): 88!114. [J STOR] Mayer, Kenneth Executive Orders and Presidential Power. Journal of Politics 61(May): [J STOR] Additional Recommended Readings: Krause, George A., and David B. Cohen "Presidential Use of Executive Orders, American Politics Quarterly 25(October): Mayer, Kenneth With a Stroke of the Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Moe, Terry M., and William G. Howell Unilateral Action and Presidential Power: A Theory. Presidential Studies Quarterly 29(December):

23 23 Requires Readings: CLASS 14 PRESIDENTS, PUBLIC POLICYMAKING, & POLICY OUTCOMES Class Leader: Brandon Lenoir Canes Wrone, Brandice, William G. Howell, and David E. Lewis Toward a Broader Understanding of Presidential Power: A Re Evaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis. Journal of Politics 70(February): 1 16 [JOP website] Edwards, George C. III, and B. Dan Wood Who Influences Whom? The President, Congress, and the Media. American Political Science Review 93(June): [J STOR] Krause, George A Electoral Incentives, Political Business Cycles, and Macroeconomic Performance: Empirical Evidence from Postwar U.S. Personal Income Growth. British Journal of Political Science 35(January): [BJPS website] Light, Paul C The President s Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice from Kennedy to Clinton. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Chapters 1 7) Additional Recommended Readings: Alesina, Albert, Nouriel Roubini, [with Gerald D. Cohen] Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fleisher, Richard, and Jon R. Bond Are There Two Presidencies? Yes, but only for Republicans. Journal of Politics 50(August): Light, Paul C Presidential Policy Making. in Edwards, Kessel, and Rockman, eds. Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Meernik, James Presidential Decision Making and the Political Use of Military Force. International Studies Quarterly 38(March): Whitford, Andrew B., and Jeff Yates Policy Signals and Executive Governance: Presidential Rhetoric and the War on Drugs. Journal of Politics 65(November):