2003/12/9 2004/2/ /4/13

Transcription

1 ( ) : /12/9 2004/2/ /4/13 ISSN print / online 2004 by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy / Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

2 28 ( ) Lipset and Rokkan, 1967 Bogdanor Epstein, 1986 Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

3 29 Anthony Downs 1957 Campbell et al., 1960 David E. Apter 1977: Arend Lijphart 1984: by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

4 30 ( ) Fiorina, 1977 Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

5 Setala, 1999 initiative abrogative referendum direct legislation plebiscite 1993 plebiscite 1998 referendum referendum Cronin, 1989 Butler Ranney referendum plebiscite 1977 plebiscite 2004 by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

6 32 ( ) Ranney 1994 controlling.... Maija Setala 2003 law law promoting.... Maija Setala Maija Setala Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

7 devolution % Ranney 1994 Butler 2004:139 Bogdanor, Parliament Pattie et al Denver 2002 National Assembly 2004 by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

8 34 ( ) Johnson Civil Rights Act Gallup % 49% Cronin, 1989 Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

9 Magleby, Stanley, Magleby, Butler and Ranney, Butler and Ranney, 1994 Butler and Ranney, by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

10 36 ( ) Ware % 65% World Value Surveys Ranney, Butler and Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

11 Lijphart, by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

12 38 ( ) Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

13 by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

14 40 ( ) Maija Set l Apter, David E. (1977). Introduction to Political Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publishers. Bogdanor, Vernon (1981). The People and the Party System: the Referendum and Electoral Reform in British Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Butler, David and Austin Ranney (eds.), (1994). Referendums around the World: the Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington, DC: AEI Press. Campbell, Angus et al. (1960). The American Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cronin, Thomas E. (1989). Direct Democracy: the Politics of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Denver, David (2002). Voting in the 1997 Scottish and Welsh Devolution Referendums: Information, Interests and Opinions. European Journal of Political Research. Vol. 41, No. 6: Downs, Anthony (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper. Epstein, Leon D. (1986). Political Parties in the American Mold. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Fiorina, Morris P. (1977). Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment. New Haven: Yale University Press. Lijphart, Arend (1984). Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. Magleby, David B. (1984). Direct Legislation. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Pattie, Charles et al. (1999). Partisanship, National Identity and Constitutional Preferences: An Exploration of Voting in the Scottish Devolution Referendum of Electoral Studies. Vol. 18, No. 3: Setala, Maija (1999). Referendums in Western Europe - A Wave of Direct Democracy? Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4: Stanley, Jeanie (1992). Party Realignment in Texas. In Maureen Moakley (ed.), Party Realignment and State Politics (pp ). Columbus: Ohio State University Press. Ware, Alan (1996). Political Parties and Party Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004

15 41 An Explorary Analysis of Effects of Referendum on Political Systems and Party Systems Chia-hung Tsai Abstract It is an explorary analysis of the role that referendums play on the operations of democracies and the extent to which they affect political systems and party systems. Based on the examples of American and European referendums, it is found that the effect of referendums on party systems is very limited. The empirical data analysis of World Value Survey also suggests that people in Switzerland show strong confidence on their political system but not on their party systems, and that Americans who have only local-level referendums have moderate confidence on their political and party systems. In Taiwan, however, people trust parties instead of the government, which implies that the referendum may turn to be a new mechanism that urges the government to be more responsive. Keywords: referendums, party system, social cleavage, political trust. Chia-hung Tsai is assistant research fellow at the Election Study Center, National Chengchi University. His current research interests include interaction of political institutions and voting behavior in different countries by Taiwan Foundation for Democracy

16 42 ( ) Vol. 1, No. 2 / June 2004