Introduction to Latin American Politics Revised 11/18/03. Political Science 31 Clark House 202 Spring

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1 Introduction to Latin American Politics Revised 11/18/03 Amherst College Prof. Javier Corrales Political Science 31 Clark House 202 Spring and 2-3:20pm Office Hours: W 2-3:15p; Th 3:30-4:30p jcorrales amherst.edu Description of the course This is an introduction to the study of modern Latin American politics. The overriding question is: why have democracy and self-sustained prosperity been so difficult to accomplish in the region? We will focus on Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela, and to a lesser extent on Brazil, Colombia and Peru. The course is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on common historical and institutional legacies that might have hindered democratic and economic development in the region. This part also examines similarities in the way that Latin American nations have responded to this legacy. For example, almost all Latin American countries developed intense economic nationalism, an overexpanded state bureaucracy, and corporatist-populist methods of political control. We will ask why Latin American countries adopted these similar political features. The second part of the course looks at some differences among our cases. Despite their similar traditions, the countries of the region developed very different political systems after World War II. Why? Hypotheses will be formulated to explain, for instance, why some countries became democratic while others did not; why some countries remained stable while others did not; and why some societies resisted authoritarianism successfully, while others did not. This part of the course also examines the role of political institutions, pressure groups (such as business, labor, the military and the Catholic Church), and cultural traits (such as machismo) in shaping these responses. The third part of the course examines the transition to democracy. What explains the odd combination of democratic rebirth and economic chaos in the 1980s? We will survey several theories of democratization. The last part of the course focuses on globalization pressures in Latin America. To what extent does globalization and market reforms lead to convergence of values and institutions among nations? To what extent does globalization lead to a rebirth of old traditions and greater conflicts? To what extent has Latin America become more democratic and marketoriented? Readings If you are not prepared to read approximately pages per week, you should not take this class. It is essential that you complete the reading assignments prior to class meetings. The readings can be classified into two categories. The first consists of theoretical and interpretative readings. These readings present arguments that seek to explain Latin American politics. They often contradict each other. The second category consists of case studies. The purpose of these case studies is to allow you to evaluate the theoretical readings. A fundamental goal of the course is to teach you how to use empirical evidence to test the validity of theoretical arguments. Most of the readings can be found in the books ordered for the course (see below) and a multilith, which has been prepared by the Department of Political Science for your convenience. The books and the multilith are available for purchase. You can purchase the books at Amherst Bookstore (formerly Atticus Bookstore). You can buy the multilith from the Department of Political Science (contact Vicki Farrington, Clark House, x2318). The required books are: Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith Modern Latin America. Fifth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

2 - 2 - Domínguez, Jorge and Michael Shifter, ed Constructing Democratic Governance, 2 nd Edition. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press Wynia, Gary W Argentina. Illusions and Realities. Second Edition. New York: Holmes and Meier. For more historical background on Latin America, you may want to consult (optional): Films: Bethell, Leslie, ed The Cambridge History of Latin America, vols. 7 and 8. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. You are required to watch the following films Eva Perón (Argentina) Mexico: From Boom to Bust (US) The Official Story (Argentina) Don t Tell Anyone (Peru) Films will be shown at 4 and 7:30pm on dates specified in the list of assignments. If you cannot make the scheduled showings, you are responsible for making your own arrangements to watch the movie. Participation: In addition to lectures, readings, and films, this course relies heavily on class participation. You must come to class prepared to discuss the readings and movies. The format of the class will combine lecture and discussion: on some days, I will mostly lecture, on others, I will mostly lead a discussion. Class attendance is mandatory. Attendance, however, is not the same as participation. The latter is the extent to which you make a qualitative contribution to the discussion in progress. It entails addressing the issues raised by me and your classmates, as well as raising your own issues when pertinent. Your class participation will play a significant role in case of borderline averages. I will never call on you to participate; it is ultimately your responsibility to be heard in class. The point is not to speak for the sake of speaking (or to impress me), but rather to contribute with a different or a supplementary perspective. At the beginning of the semester, you will be assigned to one of five groups of lead discussants. On designated class meetings, lead discussants will be expected to participate more actively and be better prepared than the rest of the class. The list of assignments indicates what days each group is expected to take the lead. Requirements: The weight distribution of the course requirements is: Item Percent of final grade - Analytical Paper 1 (5 pp.) 20 percent - Analytical Paper 2 (5 pp.) 25 percent - Analytical Paper 3 or 4 (5 pp.) 40 percent - Participation 15 percent Papers: You are required to turn in four analytical papers on assigned topics based on the readings. However, I will only grade three papers: the first two papers and either paper three or four. You will decide at the end of the semester which of these papers (3 or 4) you would like me to grade.

3 - 3 - Extensions: My policy is simple: no extensions (except in extreme circumstances, such as medical emergencies). Late papers will be marked down.

4 - 4 - Introduction to Latin American Politics Schedule of Assignments Sep 2 Sep 4 Introduction Overview of Latin America Arreola, Juan José The Switchman. In Barry J. Luby and Wayne H. Finke, eds., Anthology of Contemporary Latin American Literature Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Press, Inc., pp (P) Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press, pp Articles from The Economist (hand-out). Sep 9 G-1 Sep11 G-2 Sep 16 Sep 18 Part I: Democracy, Corporatism and Populism The State and Democracy The Federalist Papers (selections from No. 10, 50, 51 and 70). Bolívar, Simón Angostura Address (excerpts). Dahl, Robert A Polyarchy. Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1-16, Schmitter, Philippe C., and Terry Lynn Karl What Democracy is... and is not. Journal of Democracy 2, 3 (Summer): Explaining Democratic deficits in Latin America: The Role of the Past (Latin America s centralized state, authoritarian governing style, political culture, and social structures) (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp Wiarda, Howard J., and Harvey F. Kline The Pattern of Historical Development. In Howard J. Wiarda, and Harvey F. Kline, eds., Latin American Politics and Development. Third Edition. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp Paz, Octavio One Earth, Four or Five Worlds. Helen R. Lane, tr. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, pp Worcester, Donald E The Spanish American Past--Enemy of Change. In Wiarda, Howard J., ed., Politics and Social Change in Latin America. Third Edition. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp Corporatism, Populism and Import-Substitution Industrialization (ISI) (Part 1) (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp Johnson, John J Political Change in Latin America: The Emergence of the Middle Sectors. In Peter F. Klarén, and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development. Theories of Change in Latin America. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp Collier, Ruth Berins and David Collier Inducements and Constraints: Disaggregating >Corporatism. American Political Science Review 73: Corporatism, Populism, and ISI (Part 2: The Case of Peronism) (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp (P) Wynia, Gary W Argentina. Illusions and Realities. Second Edition. New York: Holmes and Meier, pp Navarro, Marysa Evita's charismatic leadership. In Michael L. Conniff, ed.., Latin American Populism in Comparative Perspective. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, pp Discussion of Eva Perón Wed Sep 17: Film: Eva Perón Fri Sep 19 Paper No. 1, due by 3pm

5 Sep 23 Sep 25 G-1 Sep 30 G-2 Oct 2 Oct Part II: A Tour of Latin America, 1930s-1980s Mexico: The Hybrid Regime and the Mexican Miracle (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp Cornelius, Wayne Mexican Politics in Transition. The Breakdown of a One-Party- Dominant Regime. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, pp , 25-44, Mexico: Corporatism, the PRI, and Institutional Explanations for Regime Stability Middlebrook, Kevin J The Paradox of Revolution. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 5-14, 23-29, Discussion of From Boom to Bust Cuba vs. Mexico: Why more radical state expansion? (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp O'Connor, James The Origins of Socialism in Cuba. New York: Praeger, pp Selected Speeches by Fidel Castro. Why Radical Revolution in Cuba and Not in Venezuela? Karl, Terry Lynn Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in Venezuela. Latin American Research Review 22, no. 1, pp Corrales, Javier Strong Societies; Weak Parties. Latin American Politics and Society 43, 2 (Summer). Democratic Vices: Partyarchy in Venezuela, Party Polarization in Chile, Intraparty divisiveness in Argentina (P) Wynia, G. pp Oppenheim, Lois Hecht Politics in Chile. Democracy, Authoritarianism, and the Search for Development. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp Norden, Deborah Party Relations and Democracy in Latin America. Party Politics 4, 4: Part 3: Democratization in the 1980s and 1990s Wed Sep 24: FILM: Mexico: From Boom to Bust Oct 9 Oct 14 Oct 23 Militarism prior to the 1980s O'Donnell, Guillermo Toward an Alternative Conceptualization of South American Politics. In Peter F. Klarén, and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development. Theories of Change in Latin America. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, pp (P) Wynia, Gary W. pp Schamis, Héctor E Reconceptualizing Latin American Authoritarianism in the 1970s. Comparative Politics 23 (January): Fri Oct 10 Paper No. 2 Mid Semester Break Wed Oct 15 FILM: The Official Story Transition to democracy (Bottom-up approaches): Argentina in the 1980s Lehman, David Democracy and Development in Latin America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp , Icken Safa, Helen Women s Social Movements in Latin America. In Christine E.. Bose, and Edna Acosta-Belén, eds. Women in the Latin American Development Process. Temple University Press, pp Navarro, Marysa The Personal is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo. In Susan Eckstein, ed. Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp

6 - 6 - Oct 28 Discussion of The Official Story. Transition to Democracy (Top-down approaches): Mexico in the 1990s Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market. Cambridge University Press, pp Chand, Vikram K Mexico s Political Awakening. Notre Dame, pp (P) Dresser in Domínguez and Shifter. Oct 30 Nov 4 Nov 6 G-1 Nov 11 G-2 Nov 13 Nov 18 Nov 20 Nov 25 and 27 Dec 2 Part 4: Globalization, Market Reforms, and Flawed Democracies The Lost Decade and Market Reforms Truell, Peter Getting Tough. Wall Street Journal, May 31 st, pp. 1, 8. (P) Skidmore and Smith, pp , (P) Corrales in Domínguez and Shifter. Fukuyama, Francis The End of History. The National Interest (excerpts). Rodrik, Dani Sense and Nonsense in the Globalization Debate Foreign Policy 107 (Summer): No Class Market Reforms and Globalization (Part 2): (P) Levitsky in Domínguez and Shifter. (P) Lamounier in Domínguez and Shifter. (P) Murillo in Domínguez and Shifter. Market Reforms (Part 3) Gibson, Edward The Populist Road to Market Reform: Policy and Electoral Coalition in Mexico and Argentina. World Politics 49 (April), read only pp (P) Degregori, Iván In Domínguez and Shifter. Rebelling against Globalization: Venezuela Gott, Richard Robinson s Footprints. London Review of Books, February 17, pp Hellinger, Daniel Media Mayhem: Violence in Venezuela Sparked by Press. St. Louis Journalism Review (February): López-Maya, Margarita and Luis Lander Refounding the Republic. NACLA Report on the Americas 33, 6 (May/June). Lander, Luis and Margarita López-Maya Venezuela s Oil Reform and Chavismo. NACLA Report on the Americas 36, 1 (July/August). Encarnación, Omar Venezuela s Civil Society Coup. World Policy Journal Defying Globalization: Venezuela (Part 2) Schedler, Andreas Conceptualizing Accountability. In Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Self-Restraining State, Boulder, CO: Lynne Riener, pp Corrales, Javier Chávez Plays Simon Says, Hopscotch (P) Coppedge, Micheael In Domínguez and Shifter. Drugs, Guerrillas and Criminality: Colombia and Mexico Guest Lecturer: Frank Bajak (P) Cepeda Ulloa, Fernando in Domínguez and Shifter. Drugs, War and Democracy: A Survey of Colombia. The Economist, April 21, Colombia s Rebel zone: Posted in Blackboard, under Course Documents. No Class Part I: Newcomers and Old-timers (P) Carey, John in Shifter and Domínguez EXTENDED CLASS: 2-4pm Guest Speaker: Lawrence Wolf (on education reform) Fri Nov 7 Paper No. 3 Wed Nov 13 Claudio Loser (on the IMF)

7 - 7 - G-1, 2, 3 Dec 4 Dec 9 and 5 Part I Cuba Domínguez, Jorge Why the Cuban Regime Has Not Fallen. Domínguez, Jorge His Brother s Keeper. Foreign Policy (November/December): Kaufman Purcell Falcoff, Mark Interview with author and Key points from his book in Blackboard (see also Markovits, Elizabeth Katharyn The Enemy Makes the Man. Problems of Post- Communism 48, 6 (November/December): Part II: The Future of Democracy (P) Lagos, Marta In Domínguez and Shifter. (P) Domínguez in Domínguez and Shifter No Class Wed Dec 5: Film Don t Tell Anyone Citizenship: Women and Gay Rights Green, James N. and Florence E. Babb Introduction. Latin American Perspectives 123, 29, 2 (March):3-23. (P) Htun, Mala In Domínguez and Shifter. Discussion of Don t Tell Anyone.