Index. 561 Christopher Ansell and Jacob Torfing Downloaded from Elgar Online at 02/26/ :11:25PM via free access

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1 Index accountability as central theme of governance literature 552 concept of 200, 205 as constitutive part of democratic anchorage of interactive governance cooperative logic of interactive governance and decision-making 219, 269 and democracy, disjuncture between future research avenues 213, 557 individual, of participants in interactive governance lack of visibility of interactive processes 208 loose coupling of governance sites with formal, decision-making institutions and multi-level governance NMGs lacking 508, 555 as normative problem and regulatory governance 430 through narrative accounts 529 and transparency 159, 162, 165, 194, 217, 220, 222, 449 actors, links between analyzing, visualizing and explaining patterning of importance of adaptive governance and adaptive management applications of collective choice rules constitutional rules future research avenues 547, 557 institutional and learning nested rule structures operational rules policy sciences scholarship on scientific management socio-ecological administrative metagovernance Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) 227 8, 231, 372 Africa crisis of governance in 119 inefficient manufacturing 116 non-governmental organizations 121 structural adjustment programs , 121 agencification 7, 36 8 antitrust 146 Arab Spring Aristotle 22, 88, 264 bounded rationality 33, 206, 228 bureaucracy as actor in interactive governance 210 participation and self-organizing processes leading to 410 political control and and privatization public choice theory applied to rationalistic planning approach leading to 63 relation with politicians 335 state 260, 443 supranational 35 Weberian model of 48 businesses collaborative approaches toward constructions of meaning of legal regulation Canada coastal fishery management solutions in 435 distinctive forms of governance existing in parallel 313 Great Lakes regime 95 6 homelessness governance networks 411 Cassis de Dijon case 503, 509 centralization vs. decentralization citizen participation 56, 65 6, 94 5, 97 8, , 179, 370, 408 9, 552 Clayton Act

2 562 Handbook on theories of governance clenched fist of economic theory 341, 343 collaborative governance challenges commitment to 464 context for defining categorization of conceptual approaches 454 commonalities 457 method of operation nature of and democratic inclusion 91 development of, in variety of fields 10 and discourse representation proposal 177 facilitative leadership future research avenues 465 6, 556 as hard solution to hard set of problems 165 as high risk, high reward policy endeavour 465 HOPE VI 454, 465 and inclusion and innovation , 242, 553 and learning 228, 457, 459, 462 and metagovernance 531 2, 535 as multi-actor governance 236 and network approach 151 in networks and interactive policy arenas pitfall of 465 and public-private partnerships 213 in relation to network governance studying in goal-directed networks in relation to procedural legitimacy 95 collective action and boundary crossing policy problems 402 creating conditions for 542 double and triple loop learning akin to 547 empirics of 27 8 glue binding individuals to 442 interaction dilemmas solved through 349 political economy of 25 6 problems 5, 8, 21, 39, 212, , 323, 336, , 482, 528 process of steering society and economy through, as definition of governance 4, 150, 156, by state and institutions 348 and system dynamic models 371 collective action theory classical, and governance 22 3 collective dilemmas 8, 21 2, 29 experiments and field studies 27 8 future research avenues 29, 556 as insight into public choice theory 325 neoclassical economic models of public goods and common pool resources 24 5 new institutional economics 25 6 provision of collective goods in complex systems 26 7, 29 public choice theory applied to collective goods Adam Smith s view on 23 neoclassical economic models of 24 5 provision of aim of scholarship on 25 challenge remaining for 29 in complex systems 26 7, 29 modern field research on 28 under- and over- 22 top-down and bottom-up governance arrangements 27 8 trust, reciprocity and altruism as central to research in 28 requirements for effective governance of 25 collibration command-and-control regulation 102 3, 105 7, 109, 428, 430 common pool resources in economic theory neoclassical economic models of 24 5 privatization trends related to access of 544 problems addressed through development of institutions 311 as rivalrous in consumption 22 similarity to public goods 21 2 visible and invisible handshakes communication, risk communicative action 180, 393, 458 communicative character of accountability 200 communicative discourse 314 communicative formation of public opinion 93 4 communicative forms of coordination 91 2 communicative planning 62, 65 6 competition among multiple governments 26 7 global 480 governance by, in EU and public choice theory applied to as insight into 325

3 Index 563 in Type II multi-level governance , complex adaptive systems (CASs) core dynamic properties of 375 definition of 366 features of 366 governance arrangements as path dependency 366, 375 research methodologies 373 translational metaphor of 367 complexity theory and systems analysis application to governance complexity harnessing, for good governance in regulatory governance 429, as theory complexity-friendly governance theories future research avenues 376, 557 governance arrangements as complex adaptive systems describing, as networks and systems provision of collective goods in complex systems 26 7, 29 research methodologies for complex adaptive governance systems and networks compliance and power in public law and regulatory theory and regulatory governance and soft and hard governing tools 275 trust, obligation and reputation as conduits for 444 context-focused planning theory 65 7, 554 cooptation concept of 515 and shifts in governance power theory conjectures architecture of global finance European accounting and environmental regulation European securities regulation in transnational governance 516 types of, and distributional implications 518 coordination and discursive approach 315 in economic theory , 350 effectiveness, in European Commission 35 governance facilitating 554 as neutral mechanism for 533 horizontal communicative forms of 91 2 in European public administration 7 governance networks as arenas for 528 imperative 77 9, 82 3 relational, theory of 446 of sectoral planning 63 social communication as central for 399 decision-making creating conditions for 542 and economic theory 350 market economy attempting to maximize forms of 90 mechanisms of and steering , 262 voluntary policy 272 co-production between public and private actors, governance as, 494 of risk knowledge, 255 of services, 51, 53 56, 165, 241 crowd sourcing 140 Deepwater Horizon oil spill 146 7, 428 deliberation and civic engagement collaborative governance s capacity for 458 9, 464 and collibration 82 components of controversies capacity and willingness to deliberate 183 factors conducive to nature of deliberation promotion of democracy or technocracy 184 deliberative capacity of governance processes 172 and deliberative democracy 179 deliberative dialogue 456 deliberative governance arenas deliberative forums 181 2, 503 empowered sphere 181 public sphere 181 future research avenues 184, 558 governance as deliberative exercise in interactive governance and learning 227, 229, 393 NMGs potential for 508 in planning theory 64

4 564 Handbook on theories of governance Pragmatist model of in public participation 160, 162 and risk 246, , of soft governing tools 269, 274 and throughput legitimacy 200 in transnational governance 131 and transparency 219 Type I governance democracy and accountability, disjuncture between deliberation s promotion of 184 deliberative model of aspects of communication 95, 353, 393 and citizen participation 94 5, 179, 370, 408 democratic legitimacy of networks growth of 98 nature of 89 as normative theory of democracy 88 in relation to inclusion 90 91, 409 in relation to public opinion and political will 94 6, 98 in relation to self-determination 93 how governance networks affect normative theories of 87 9 republican model of 88 9 see also representative democracy democratic deficit of contemporary societies, 300 of European Union, 7, 264 of global governance, 199 of private forms of governance, 472 democratic experimentalism 393, 398, 558 democratic governance and accountability argument for more practice in 384 citizen participation as objective of 370 enhancing through metagovernance 530 focus on and Pragmatism 392 3, and regional governance traditional definition of 164 see also network governance: democratic democratic theory deliberative growth of 98 nature of 89 as normative theory of democracy 88 in relation to inclusion in relation to public opinion and political will 94 6, 98 in relation to self-determination 93 epistemological and ontological strands of empirical-analytical theories 87 9 generic democratic ideas 88 normative theories of democracy 87 9 future research avenues 98, 558 and governance 86 7, 96 8, 552 and inclusion liberal defining liberal democracy dispositions of public officeholders 192 idea of political system as set of neutral institutions 190 on new governance forms promoting participation and deliberation 94 5 as normative theory of democracy 92 in relation to inclusion 90 in relation to self-determination 92 of pluralism nature of 89 on new governance forms promoting participation and deliberation 94 5, 97 as normative theory of democracy 88 in relation to inclusion 90 in relation to self-determination 92 processes forming public opinion and political will 93 6 republican as normative theory of democracy 88 in relation to formation of public opinion and political will 88 9 in relation to self-determination 88, 92 self-determination and self-rule 91 3 dependent variables governance as 32, 42, 75 6 state as 75 design science 164 development theory bureaucratic reforms dirigiste state future research avenues 122 3, 557 governance development, in twenty-first century role of market-enabling institutions in and role of state 115, , 121 2, 552 historical summary 115 non-governmental organizations protectionism

5 Index 565 role of politics in economic policymaking state-led development during Keynesian revolution structural adjustment programs , 121 turn toward market solutions discourse theory affective dimension of governance network practices critical explanation and normative evaluation definition floating signifiers 295, 298 future research avenues 304, and governance networks hegemonic politics and reproduction of network governance poststructuralist problematizing governance networks discursive institutionalism , 386, 529 discursive interaction 94, 341 discursive representation 172 3, 177 diversity economic models applied to legislative and administrative decision-making neoclassical, of public goods 24 5 economic theory clenched fist 341, 343 common pool resources coordination in , 350 future research avenues governance in 340 1, 346, helping hand 341, invisible hand 341 2, 349 invisible handshake 341, micro-, and public choice theory 322 4, 327 from visible hand to vanishing hand 341, visible handshake 341, effectiveness of global governance, extent of private governance s contribution to 472 goals, means and tensions in 406 as normative objective questions of, in regard to new modes of governance 508 efficiency goals, means and tensions in 406 as normative objective empirical institutionalism environment and natural resources management adaptive governance approach 230, applications of institutional policy sciences socio-ecological and information-based governance strategies collective action theory for 8, 27 in cooptation conjecture , 523 environmental law 106 7, 262, 432 and learning and legitimacy 199, 201 and multi-level governance and private governance forest certification standards 472 naming and shaming 471 and soft policy tools 271, Europe corporatist systems in 347 governance as co-production between public and private actors 494 concept of, in public administration 7 and governmentality 354 hierarchical style of regulation 87 indicative planning 347 links between firms local and regional government research programs 483 push towards co-production of public services 165 state conception of 259 elements of 72 3 welfare 313 technical assistance programs 434 transnationalization of public spheres in 94 urbanists embracing governance paradigm use of term soft law 105 voluntary environmental programs 287 Weberian model of bureaucracy in 48 European Union (EU) adoption of soft governing modes 267 8, and competition as complex multi-level political system 264

6 566 Handbook on theories of governance cooptation in accounting and environmental regulation conjecture architecture of global finance conjecture prominent status of 516 securities regulation conjecture on coordination 35 democratic deficit of 7, 264 governance conceptual and definitional issues as fertile breeding ground for new mechanisms of 499 future research avenues 508 9, 558 intergovernmental multi-level new modes of origin of concept of 7 8 patterns and trends in evolution of regional research questions and lacunae supranational 36, through regulation as central reform 105 traditional modes of and horizontal specialization 35 6 and innovation 238, 241 and negotiation and non-binding regulation 275 reflections on state and statehood 8 soft and hard governing tools territorially arranged legislation 37 8, 87 transboundary communicative spaces within 93 4 use of policy instruments 262 expertise and collaborative governance 454, 464 and legitimacy in organization theory 34 and private governance 469, 474 in public management theory 55 in public participation theory 158, 163 and risk governance 246, 254 technical 239, 429, , 545 Federal Trade Commission Act 146 Foucault, Michel 73, 78 9, 81, 188, 191 2, 194, 295, 300, , 404, future research avenues accountability 213, 557 adaptive governance 547, 557 collaborative governance 465 6, 556 collective action theory 29, 556 common themes complexity theory and systems analysis 376, 557 deliberation 184, 558 democratic theory 98, 558 development theory 122 3, 557 discourse theory 304, economic theory EU and supranational governance 509 European Union (EU) 508 9, 558 governance networks 304, 425, 556 governmentality , 558 heterarchy 147, 556 information-based governance , 556 innovation 242 3, institutional theory 318, 557 interactive governance 213, 412, 425, international relations theory 556 interpretive and narrative theory 386 8, 558 learning 232, 556 legitimacy 202 3, metagovernance 535 6, 557 multi-level governance 495, 557 network governance 450, 556 democratic 425, 558 normative theory 412, 557 organization theory 41 2, 556 planning theory 67, 557 power 194, 558 Pragmatism 399, 558 private governance 473 4, public choice theory 336, 558 public law and regulatory theory , 558 public management theory 57, 557 public participation 165, 558 regulatory governance 290, 436 7, 557 representation 177, 558 risk 257, 556 soft and hard governing tools 276 state theory 83, 556 steering 265, 556 transnational governance 132 3, 556 economic 523, 558 transparency 222, urban and regional governance 483, 556 gender inequality Germany

7 Index 567 Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) Cassis de Dijon case 503, 509 corporatist system 347, example of collaborative governance approach 91 governance featuring deliberative and participatory democracy 93 rail network 36 risk regulatory practices 432 state theory 259 and steering transformation of energy in 87, 92 global finance architecture conjecture good governance concept of 2 constructivist role of state intervention found in writings on 356 critique of 120 focus on 120 harnessing complexity for institutions, recognizing role of internationalized 105 prioritizing 173 use of discourse of 7 governability theory governance defining 2 4, 32, 74 5, 156, 245 development, in twenty-first century as magic concept rise and development of debate on decentering of power and authority 9 discipline of economics 8 9 focus on networks and partnerships 9 10 globalization and EU 7 8 governing as distributed process 8 multilateral interaction 10 reasons for, from different perspectives 5 6 theoretical inversion 4 5 governance-centric approaches, in state theory 77 9, 83 governance networks and accountability 206 7, , 213, affective dimensions of practice asymmetric power relations of 176 defining 403, , and democracy , 449, 531 and discourse theory 293 4, 553 factors shaping learning in 227 forms of systems-level feedback future research avenues 304, 425, 556 hegemonic politics in how democracy is affected by interactive nature of 402, 419 loose coupling with formal, decision-making institutions 205, many actors involved in 405 and metagovernance 531 3, 535 and new public management reforms normative problems and tensions in interactive oppositions between narratives of as post-political form of governmentality 303 problematizing research methodologies for complex and standards of inclusiveness and equal treatment 206 viewed as means of increasing efficiency, effectiveness and legitimacy of public governance 419 weak visibility of 205 and wicked problems 419 governance of the firm 9, 341, governance turn 72, 106 7, 491, 499 governing tools see soft and hard governing tools government connecting to governance through metagovernance perspective on transparency shift to governance collaborative approaches toward businesses and legal institutions in collaborative governance context 456 distribution of costs and benefits from 523 in network governance context in planning context 65 in state theory context 71, 77, 79 81, 83 through theoretical inversion 4 5 in urban and regional governance context 477 statehood, as authoritative 73 governmentality concept of future research avenues , 558 governance as new form of 293

8 568 Handbook on theories of governance and governance networks 300, 303 methodological issues and empirical studies perspectives and arguments within literature shift to advanced forms of 78 9 state as object of 73 4, 76 strengths and weaknesses of notion of theory 527, Gramsci, Antonio 72, 81 3, 294, 297, 471 graphical displays of policy networks hegemonic politics helping hand of economic theory 341, heterarchy beyond hierarchy , 147 future research avenues 147, 556 as hybrid 74 as organizational form 141 pan-human imperatives digital imperative 140 place social proximity 140 of reflexive self-organization, as definition of governance 3 structure versus scale 142 3, 147 when worlds collide ensuring sustainable collaboration measurement tools 146 policy tools 146 segmentary politics in healthcare example 144 segmentary systems successful healthcare heterarchy example 145 hierarchy historical institutionalism , 527 Hobbes, Thomas 23, 28 horizontal specialization 34 7 Hurricane Katrina 146 hybrids 74, 274 5, 536, 547 inclusion conflict with flexibility 461 and democratic theory as dilemma of metagovernance 534 and risk as theme in public participation theory inclusiveness in deliberative democracy discussions 179 in governance networks 206 as normative problem of participation, as source of input legitimacy 199 independent variables governance as 75 6 organizational factors as 32, 42 state as 75 indicative planning 347 inequality gender and public participation information-based governance theory additionality 287 commensuration 288 conceptual and definitional issues empirical findings empirical variants future research avenues , 556 limitations nudging 285 research questions 284 theoretical gaps and areas for future development theoretical perspectives unintended consequences of 288 innovation concept of 236 defining future research avenues 242 3, in governance regulatory impact of governance systems on pro-innovation bias 236 input legitimacy 8, , 222, institutional approach to adaptive governance 538 9, institutional economics new, and political economy of collective action 25 6, 348 theory of transaction costs as basis for 324 institutional theory future research avenues 318, 557 informal institutions for governance of normative integration questions for use of 309 and role in governance discursive institutionalism empirical institutionalism historical institutionalism rational choice institutionalism sociological institutionalism

9 Index 569 and steering 308 virtue of institutional approach institutions formal, and interactive governance informal, for governance and liberal democratic theory 190 role for market-enabling see also institutional theory interactive governance accountability as constitutive part of democratic anchorage of 206 7, 213 and democracy individual, of participants in tensions in as added value to representative democracy 405 6, cooperative logic of defining 403 as dilemma of metagovernance 534 drawbacks future research avenues 213, 412, 425, as instrument for reducing costs lack of visibility of processes 208 and liberal democracy 421, 425 loose coupling of sites with formal, decision-making institutions and metagovernance in normative theory in organization theory 10 in planning theory 10, 66 and power 188, 193 4, 407, public-private partnerships as typical case of 213 as remedy for fragmentation strengthening interest in 9 tensions in accountability inclusiveness throughput legitimacy trust relationships necessary in 212 interdependence theory intergovernmental governance international relations applicability of steering 265 and hard and soft law 267 8, , 276 non-formal compliance mechanisms 275 structure of international organizations 39 international relations theory see transnational governance interpretive and narrative theory argumentative turn 386 debates and challenges bottom-up emphasis in interpretive theory non-interpretivists critique about methodological basis relationship of interpretivism to institutionalism status of narratives as explanations of governance 387 structure versus agency in governance explanations 388 distinctive contribution of interpretive governance theory emphasis on practice 385 6, 388 ethnomethodology 382, 385 foundations of future research avenues 386 8, 558 individual agency 382 5, narrative analysis 381 4, 387 problem framing 383 6, 388 invisible hand of economic theory 143, 342, 344, 349 invisible handshake of economic theory 341, ISO (International Standardization Organization) 286 7, 432 3, 472, 519 Latin America development of dependency theory forestry management systems in 435 governance through regulation as central reform 105 inefficient manufacturing 116 joined by non-state actors in governing process 121 structural adjustment programs law see public law and regulatory theory learning as collective phenomenon 225 definitions of, in governance context evolutionary, and Pragmatism factors influencing future research avenues 232, 556 governance processes associated with boundary organization social learning ways of knowing 229, 231 importance of, in collaborative governance 457, 459, 462 issues and challenges for studying

10 570 Handbook on theories of governance legal institutions collaborative approaches toward theory and debate over, in twentieth century legal regulation, organizational constructions of meaning of legitimacy accountability, democratic control and 86, 97 8, 217 and antagonisms 302 audits 203, augmenting through participation 182 claimants of and collaborative governance , 463 concept of 197 and cooptation 515, 517, 519, 521 crises 6, 71, 73 of deliberative processes 175 democratic 6, 66, 182, 206, 240, 407 8, 422 3, 531, 533 4, 558 of dispute resolution structure 108 of European Union as function of soft and hard policy instruments 275 future research avenues 202 3, of global governance, extent of private governance s contribution to 470, goals, means and tensions in 406 of governance mechanisms 174 and governance networks 419 of government 170, 236, 242 and innovation 242 input 8, , 222, interactive governance enhancing 402, 405 6, 531 multiple notions and sources of 198 of new modes of governance of new public management as normative objective of organizational forms 41, 129 output 8, 198, 201 2, 219, 222, and participation 256 for planning 63, 65 6 political and administrative sector ensuring 255 political institutions conferring 191 of political system 218 and power 162, 197 and private governance , 474 procedural 89, 95 of public participation processes 159 reduced, of steering 271 in regional governance 506 state providing private schemes with 430 as theme in public participation theory throughput 199, traffic police example 192 and transparency , 217, 219, 222, Leviathan 23 liberal democratic theory defining liberal democracy dispositions of public officeholders 192 idea of political system as set of neutral institutions 190 on new governance forms promoting participation and deliberation 94 5 as normative theory of democracy 92 in relation to inclusion 90 in relation to self-determination 92 Locke, John 88 loose coupling of governance networks, with formal decision-making institutions 205, of organizational structure 34 market-enabling institutions market solutions economic theory of helping hand propagated as better than inefficient government interventions 345 turn toward Marxist thought 76, 191, 294, 296, 298, 343, 355, 357, 480 metagovernance administrative and political avant la lettre concept of 523 connecting government and governance through dilemmas future research avenues 535 6, 557 goals, tools and forms of as governance of governance 80, 209, 523, 530 and mobilization of bias 526, 532 and regulated self-regulation 423, theoretical approaches to governability theory 528 governmentality theory

11 Index 571 institutional theories of normative integration interdependence theory as third order governance 526 Mill, John Stuart 88, 406 mobilization of bias 190, 526, 532 multi-level governance (MLG) Canada s Great Lakes regime 95 6 conceptual and definitional issues debates, dilemmas and lacunae future research avenues 495, 557 increasing concern with 309 and learning 229 moving forward 493 4, 557 origins research questions state power challenged by new forms of 530 Type I Type II binary divide breadth of role divide, as problematic typology voice and deliberation vs. exit and choice as widely adopted by European Union 494 narrative theory see interpretive and narrative theory negotiation, governance by neoclassical economic models of public goods and common pool resources 24 5 nested qualities of social structures 368 nested rule structures network approach benefits of concept of 149 features of analyzing, visualizing and explaining patterning of links importance of links between actors 151 2, 404, 444 studying collaborative governance in goal-directed networks fundamental characteristic of history of 149 in relation to modern governance approach 150, 156 network governance as asymmetrical 82 beyond the polity 78 challenges and implications 449, 528 compared with state and market governance 443 democratic defining governance networks and liberal democracy future research avenues 425, 558 perspectives on how governance networks affect democracy role of governance networks discourse dispositif approach 78 9 elements of empirical evidence failure 83 future research avenues 450, 556 ideal form of 302 messy politics and power struggles of 302 nature of within neoliberalism 82 possible outcomes of moves to establish related governance concepts collaborative governance new public governance 446 new public management 446 relational coordination 446 relational governance 446 reproduction of and shadow of hierarchy 528 sovereign power for effective 81 theories and definitions underpinning transatlantic dialogue on 10 types, forms and functions new modes of governance (NMGs) benefits and disadvantages 551 2, 555 character of 508 in European Union, between negotiation and competition 502 6, 508 increase in scholarly interest in 499 influencing research on policy instruments 270 limitations of hierarchies and markets necessitating development of 9 literature on 494 network as most common descriptor of 552 and non-binding decisions 500 and power 387 questions of effectiveness and legitimacy regulatory

12 572 Handbook on theories of governance simple dichotomies 491, 494 soft governing tools as 268 structure of EU governance 499 and urban governance 479 new public governance (NPG) as component of hybrid assembly 446 embedding public service-dominant logic within 52 5 implications for governance 56 7 limitations and challenges 55 6 focus on public service delivery systems 46 as form of neoliberal governing move from new public management as opportunity for public participation 165 new public management (NPM) and competition fatal flaw within 46 7, 54 influenced by principal-agent theory 9 innovation within 238 9, 242 and metagovernance 526, 532 move from classical public administration move to new public governance neoliberal economic analysis leading to 345 practices 46, 356 public choice theory applied to reforms and agencification 36 and governance networks NMGs see new modes of governance non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and accountability as active players in co-regulation 470 agenda-setting as analogous to global civil society 8, 469 continuous growth of 128 cooptation of , development theory as empowered actors 404 environmental 520 ISO system embedded in networks of 433 legitimacy dynamics 473 as major actors in interactive governance 210 management of crises 141 and representation 173, 176 role in shaping private governance 471 and state capacity 552 normative theory of democracy 87 9 example of trade-off future research avenues 412, 557 interactive governance contribution to realization of normative goals 402 defining 403 developments evoking networks, tensions in normative integration, institutional theories of normative objectives effectiveness 403 4, 406 efficiency interactive governance s contribution to realization of 402 legitimacy normative problems accountability inclusiveness throughput legitimacy NPG see new public governance NPM see new public management object-focused planning theory 62 3 Olson, Mancur 8, 21, 24 5, 29, 323, 325, 327 9, Open Method of Coordination (OMC) 267, 272 3, 504 ordinary legislative procedure (OLP), 501 3, 505, organization theory application to governance, uses of 41 2 approach to governance 32 3 future research avenues 41 2, 556 impact of structure on governance at implementation stage 36 8 at policy-making stage 35 6 organizational capacity organizational change structure-governance relationship 33 5 and transnational governance 129 organizational change analytical problem solving as diffusion and isomorphism 41 functional account of 39 institutional perspective on power and conflict oriented perspective on 40 types of 38 9 organizational constructions of meaning of legal regulation Ostrom, Elinor 8, 21, 24 9, 275, , 350, 368, 372, 431, 435, 468, 538, 541 4, 547

13 Index 573 output legitimacy 8, 198, 201 2, 219, 222, participation designing processes new governance forms promoting 94 5, 97 participatory democracy 89 risk as theme in public participation theory 163 see also citizen participation planning theory advocacy planning 63 collaborative planning 66 7, 241 future research avenues 67, 557 mixed scanning 62, 64 5 nature of 61 object-focused 62 3 paradigm shift within 62, 64 5, 67 perspectives relating planning and theory 61 2 process-focused 63 5 rationalistic planning 63 7 towards balanced 67 towards context-focused 65 7, 554 pluralist democratic theory nature of 89 on new governance forms promoting participation and deliberation 94 5, 97 as normative theory of democracy 88 in relation to inclusion 90 in relation to self-determination 92 society as essentially plural 189 policy sciences approach to adaptive governance 538, policy styles 273 4, 276 political control and the bureaucracy , 335 politicization strengthening 37 political economy as classical liberalism 353 of collective action 25 6 governance of global 523 urban political metagovernance political will basis of 88 processes forming 89, 93 6, 98 power and accountability 205, of bureaucrats 329 business 102, 286 of citizens 66, 93 of collaboration 454 5, 464 and cooptation debate 188 decentering of 9, 86 decision-making 92, 209, 268, 273, 286, 326, 405, 411, 543 distribution of 89, 164, 546 four dimensions of future research avenues 194, 558 and gender inequality and governance 2 governance network logic of 422, 553 and governmentality , 553 and hard and soft governing tools , 272, importance of communication networks 284 of information 288, 290 and interactive governance 188, 193 4, 407, and legitimacy 162, 197 management of 162 and managerial capitalism monopoly 325, 343 multi-level governance 435 in narrative and interpretive theory networks enhancing national agencies 38 oriented perspective on organizational change 40 political 73, 86, 88, 90, 92, 97, 109, 174, 184, 264, 294, 296 9, 302, 304, 360, 384, 386, 425, 514, 534 predictive 373 and public participation segmentary system 144 sharing 542 shifts between different levels of government 488 state 8, 71 4, 76 83, 89, 343, 355 6, 358 9, 471, 473, 507, , 528, struggles , 304, 533 supranational 501 2, Pragmatism American 381, 392, 538, 544 conception of human action creative syncretism democratic experimentalism 393, 398, 558 as distinctive theoretical lens on governance as dynamic conception of evolutionary learning focus on what is problematic possibilities 397 9

14 574 Handbook on theories of governance values at stake future research avenues 399, 558 origins and early period of 392 revival of principal-agent problem in democratic theory 94 as insight into public choice theory 326 privatization as possible solution 332, 336 resurfacing, conditions for 333 relationships and delegation 312 terminology, in relation to government theory 9, 208, 330 Prisoner s Dilemma game theory 25, 29, 323, 328, 349, 367 private governance civil regulations 469 definitions and concepts delegated and entrepreneurial dichotomy with public governance 473 explanations for emergence and proliferation of extent of contribution to effectiveness and legitimacy of global governance future research avenues 473 4, inter-firm cooperation 469 non-governmental organizations process-focused planning theory 63 5 PSOs see public service organizations public administration and complex governance systems 364 5, 368, 370, 373 European concept of governance 7 innovation within 238, 242 move to new public management 47 50, 57 old controversy of 33 possible role of expert based 184 previous understanding of how public services were governed and managed 46 and public service delivery 51 2 public choice theory applied to centralization vs. decentralization collective action theory competition and new public management political control and bureaucracy future research avenues 336, 558 historical background insights collective action theory 325 competition 325 costs and benefits accruing to different agents 325 principal-agent problem 326 rent-seeking methodology 327 nature of 322 self-interest 322, 333 5, 344 strengths and weaknesses public goods Adam Smith s view on 23 Aristotle s view on 22 contribution to, as condition for output legitimacy 201 and cooptation 515 costs, benefits and agents 325 helping hand for and the Leviathan 23 neoclassical economic models of 24 5 as non-rivalrous in consumption 22 and principal-agent problem 326, 333 and private clubs 27 problem of over-supply of as public products or public services 46 7 similarity to common pool resources 21 2 in Type I multi-level governance 490 public law and regulatory theory altered through editing and retheorization 109 collaborative approaches toward businesses and legal institutions command-and-control regulation 102 3, 105 7, 109 and debate, in twentieth century dispute resolution system 105, 108 employment law future research avenues , 558 from government to governance meta-risk management 107 organizational constructions of meaning of legal regulation responsive regulation 106 public management theory contentious issues 46 7 future research avenues 57, 557 new public governance embedding public service-dominant logic within 52 7

15 Index 575 move from new public management new public management move from classical public administration move to new public governance product-dominant approach 46 7, 51 2, 54, 56 public opinion and deliberation in public sphere 181 within democratic society 88 processes forming 93 6, 98 refined 180 public participation association with adaptive co-management 547 definition and salience of and democratic governance 164 as established part of risk management 256 future directions for theories of, in governance future research avenues 165, 558 nature of 158 and participatory democracy 89 tensions in 158 theory themes designing participation processes diversity and inclusion expertise and participation 163 legitimacy public service-dominant logic (PSDL) argument of 46 embedding within new public governance 52 5 implications for governance 56 7 limitations and challenges 55 6 future research avenues 57 public service organizations (PSOs) 46, 50 52, 55, 57 rational choice institutionalism , 528 regional governance in America drivers of 481 in EU member states as forgotten level of governance 481 future research avenues 483, 556 regional politics 477 theoretical approaches to 482 regulatory governance as bottom-up process, in public law context 109 on business activity 108 character of regulatory problems 429 China s food safety crisis 428, co-regulation complexity and uncertainty in 429, experimentalist governance future research avenues 290, 436 7, 557 new modes of no panaceas in context mattering more than design firm interaction with global economy firm type, differences across 432 responsive regulation 433 unable to assimilate new governance techniques 432 voluntary governance programs 432 prompted by catastrophic governance failures 428 recognition of scholarship focus on 107, transaction costs 436 use of technology 437 voluntary forms of regulation 431 and wicked problems 429, 433 6, 438 regulatory theory see public law and regulatory theory relational coordination 446 relational governance 54, 446 rent-seeking 206, 326 7, 334, 336, 558 representation discourse representation 172 3, 177 in discourse theory 297, future research avenues 177, 558 gender inequality, and governance interest 91, 94, 264, 347, 460, 481, 543 in public participation representative claim 173 4, studies, and governance perspective representative democracy alternative model to and deliberative forums 182 and information available to public 220 interactive governance as added value to 405 6, and liberal democracy 88, 421 new governance approaches emerging in response to perceived failures of 91, 96 potential to enhance or deteriorate 96 8

16 576 Handbook on theories of governance and voter paradox 323 republican democratic theory 88 9, 92 responsive regulation 106, 428, 433 risk as social construct characterization and evaluation communication and participation estimation of interdisciplinary failures, and conditions for success framing future research avenues 257, 556 governance framework adaptive and integrative 247 as attempt to address issues of inclusive governance 256 development of effective communication as challenge inclusion as challenge limitations need for two types of assessment 248 relationship between stakeholder participation and risk categories in 252 management pre-estimation screening 247 transition to new concept of risk governance 245 scientific management self-determination and self-rule 88 9, 91 3 self-interest Aristotle on 22 and collaborative governance 456 and corporatist governance 94 and deliberative theory 183 in economic theory 342, 349 experiments regarding 28 and governance networks 527 in market governance mode 443 and metagovernance 528 pragmatic legitimacy linked to 202 and public choice theory 322, 327, 333 5, 344 of public officeholders 192 and rationality 24 rules designed to overcome 311 services theory 52 4 shadow of hierarchy and accountability 206 in the European Union 502, 504 6, 508 as form of interaction between hard and soft policy tools 275 and institutional theory 308 and interactive governance 412 and network governance 528 and new modes of governance and private governance in self-regulating networks 263 and state theory 80, 82 3 Sherman Act 146 Skocpol, Theda 75 6 Smith, Adam 23, 143, 342 social-ecological systems (SES) framework 27 social learning 160, 225, , 255, , 547 social network analysis aims of 420 application to collective dilemmas 29 application to study of governance 369 argument for development of 556 definition 21 limitations 371 as measurement tool for heterarchies 146 sociograms as early companions of 153 use in studying knowledge diffusion 369 society-centered theory 75 7, 83 socio-ecological approach to adaptive governance 538, sociological institutionalism , 314 soft and hard governing tools concept of, and distinctions between in the EU future research avenues 276 research on compliance 275 hybrids national policy styles steering function of 267 9, 271, 275 studying soft law and idea of steering 271 in public law and regulatory theory 105 and transnational governance , 268, 271 spatial planning see planning theory state-led development state theory concept of governance 73 5, 83 concept of state 72 3, 83 de-hierarchization of state 77 8

17 Index 577 de-politization of power 78 future research avenues 83, 556 German 259 from government to governance 71, 77, 79 81, 83 network governance beyond the polity 78 policy labor 72 3 versus society-centered theory 75 7, 83 state effect 73, 78 9 strategic-relational approach third-order governing towards governance-centric approaches 77 9 steering capacity 38 concept of, and use critique of approach distinction with rowing 6, 526 function of soft and hard governing tools 3, 267 9, 271, 275 future research avenues 265, 556 goal and framework 532 informal institutions for providing 308 information-based 270, 272, 281 and institutional theory 308 interactive processes of 343, 350 of local state 479 macroeconomic move to governance new system of 526 paradigm , political representation 73 of power resources 89 reduced legitimacy of traditional 271 research on public 9 role of norms and ideas in 310 society 2, 4, 32, 150, 156, 214, 236, 286, 289, and targeted transparency 220 transparency as tool and vertical specialization 37 strategic-relational approach (SRA) supranational governance behavioral consequences of horizontal specialization within 35 6 within European Union 36, 271 2, future research avenues 509 struggle between national and supranational actors 505 systems analysis see complexity theory and systems analysis technocracy deliberation s promotion of 184 managerial 206 rationalistic planning approach leading to 63 technocratic authorities 516, territorial imperative territorial mobilization of regional identities 482 of resources 477 territorial specialization 34 6 territorialization 8, 73, 78 9, 487 8, 494 territorially arranged implementation 37 8, 87 theories of governance as analytical constructs 11 comprising overlapping discussions and debates 1 2 current status of future research avenues, common themes leading to development of new theories likely components of 11 pitfalls impressionistic descriptivism 12 theoretical reification purposes of 1 relationship with empirical work 1 2, strengths of throughput legitimacy 199, Tocqueville, Alexis de 23, 406 Tragedy of the Commons 24 5, 29, 350, 540 transnational governance Canada s Great Lakes regime 95 6 cooptation in 516 difficulty in identifying relevant constituency in private 200 economic architecture of global finance conjecture and cooptation critique of neo-liberal institutionalism European accounting and environmental regulation conjecture European securities regulation conjecture functionalist frameworks 514 future research avenues 523, 558 shifts in governance power future research avenues 132 3, 556

18 578 Handbook on theories of governance from international relations to multi-institutional dynamics networks, as democratic 424 organizations diversity of growth of international as organized as process-driven 132, 554 regulatory activism 126 7, 131 Scandinavian institutionalism 130 self-reinforcing and ambiguous processes allocation of responsibilities 132 search for control 132 trust and distrust and soft law , 268, 271 transnational world transparency and accountability 159, 162, 165, 194, 217, 220, 222, 449 civil and private sector perspectives future research avenues 222, government s perspective and legitimacy , 217, 219, 222, public s perspective and trust 156, Transparency International , trust antitrust 146 connection to process legitimacy 163 and distrust, in transnational governance interpersonal relations based on 444 necessary in interactive governance 212 and network governance 442, 444, 528 in provision of collective goods 28 and transparency 156, United Kingdom (UK) Big Society 165, 404 campaign against third runway at Heathrow Airport 301 clinical appraisal schemes in health sector 491 compulsory competitive tendering by local political authorities 332 electricity regulation in 432 holistic governance 37 procedure for chemical risks based on risk risk comparisons 250 product-dominant approach 47 as receptive to risk regulation discourse 432 risk classification components 249 Type I Type II examples Westminster model 47 8, 384 United States (US) American pragmatism 381, 392, 538, 544 attempt to respond to public administration critiques 48 business influencing regulatory policy 103 collective goods 26 community organizing efforts to transform social dynamics 159 complexity science nodes of inquiry 372 decision-making risk 254 strategic manipulation of procedure 327 good governance 120 governance through regulation as central reform 105 heterarchies measures of conscious consumption 287 public participation and democratic governance 164 regional governance toxic pollution emitted by industry 288 urban governance urban governance future research avenues 483, 556 from local government to networks, taking on Janus-faced autocratic forms of government 300 urban politics 477 vanishing hand of economic theory 341, veil of ignorance vertical specialization 34, 36 8 visible hand of economic theory 143, 341, visible handshake of economic theory 341, Washington Consensus 117, 120, 359 wicked problems and collaborative governance , 463 and complexity theory 364 6, 375 concept of 7 and governance networks 419 and planning theory 62, 64 and regulatory governance 429, 433 6, 438 and state theory 76, 83