Indian Streams Research Journal

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Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN:-2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Indian Streams Research Journal PEACE PROCESS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN IN THE

ambush.poonch sector.. The bilateral relations and the peace process that was sabotaged after the firing is the main highlight in this paper.

1 Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Indian Streams Research Journal PEACE PROCESS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN IN THE AFTERMATH OF BEHEADING OF THE INDIAN SOLDIERS- Abstract:In this study the paper examines the peace process as 5 soldiers shot dead in pak LOC ambush.poonch sector.. The bilateral relations and the peace process that was sabotaged after the firing is the main highlight in this paper. Deepa Viswam Professor, Mother Teresa women university, Saidapet Chennai. Keywords: Peace process, Bilateral Relations, literature, policies.

2 INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE Ambassador Jalil Abbas Jilani addressed the faculty and students at the Harvard Kennedy School today on Pakistan-India Relations: the Way ahead. He explained the history of the relationship and the underlying issues that have shaped the events and policies in South Asia, says a press release received from Washington here today. Adnan, Mubeen ( )The time has come for Pakistan and India to make a critical choice between war and peace, love and hate, destruction and development, poverty and prosperity. This would only be possible through the process of negotiations based on the year to year discussions on different issues. Majeed,gulshan () India and pakisthan are two largest nuclear states in south Asian region and security managers of both states shows their intention to improve their defensive and offensive capabilities against each other. Sharif,nawaz () Pakistan and india fought three wars over Kashmir, since the enemies gained independence from Britain in After an bloody uptick in violence in the late 1980s and 90s the two signed a Kashmir ceasefire agreement in 2003 which has largely calmed the situation. Though ties have been warming recently from time to time both New Delhi and Islamabad accuse the other of breaching the ceasefire. adnan,mubeen ()expansion of population contacts, trade shows economic conferences, parliamentarians dialogues release of prisoners most favored nation states and relaxation in visa policies are good engagement towards normalization and betterment of relation METHODOLOGY To conduct this research, I select the newspaper as media texts. I choose the newspaper for my analysis because according to McClure & Patterson, newspapers have a more direct everyday effect on the audience than television. They further concluded that newspapers succeed where television news fails because newspapers can clearly demonstrate the significance they attach to a given story. Newspapers have at their disposal the traditional means of indicating emphasis and significance long stories, short stories; stories with pictures, stories without pictures; large headlines, small headlines; front page, back page; above the fold, below the fold. Thus the print medium gives readers a strong, lasting, visual indication of significance. In addition, according to previous research, individuals are provided much of their knowledge from the print media. To answer the research questions for this study, I choose two major Indian newspapers These two newspapers were chosen because they are widely regarded as 'papers of record' which influence coverage in the regional press. Also, many researchers have shown The New Indian express and the Hindu is important in setting the media agenda for international issues. These newspapers would be expected to report more news items related to the peace process than other newspapers. Furthermore, the reasons for selecting, The New Indian express and the Hindu are that they have good reputations as nationwide newspapers and have potential for creating national images of other countries due to the many international correspondents. To collect data, a five month period from the month of august to December was chosen. This five month period was selected beginning with poonch in the wake of killing of five jawans by the pakisthan army. For collecting data, the constructed week sampling technique was used. Constructed week sampling assumes cyclic variation of newspaper content for different days of the week and requires that all the different days of the week be represented. In other words, constructed week sampling requires all the different days of the week to be represented, thus it is more efficient than other sampling techniques, such as simple random and consecutive day sampling. Regarding how many constructed weeks are most efficient, Riffe et al., have suggested that four constructed weeks are efficient for a population of six month editions as follows: for a population of six months of editions, one constructed week was as efficient as four, and its estimates exceeded what would be expected based on probability theory. To construct sampling weeks, I selected four or five days from each month and tried to choose the same weekdays from different months (e.g., to construct Monday, I chose dates from 2

3 august,september,october,novermber,december). Table 1 and 2 show the specific date of constructed sampling weeks. For conducting this study, I have adopted paper uses textual analysis and content analysis. From the month of august to December Days Of the week Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Monday -12 aug September 9 Tuesday 13 aug September 24 Wednesday 14aug September 3 Thursday 22 aug September 26 October 28, October 29, October 23, October 24, 4, 12, 27, 7, December 30 In the front page of the new Indian express their appeared a small photograph of soldier on patrol in poonch in the wake of killing of five jawans by the pakisthan army. The first attack in was the gruesome murder of two Indian soldiers in poonch sector Jan 8, followed by may 27, may24, june7, june10, june18, july28. The new Indian express other full page coverage off treat pak as potential enemy, foreign missions fund terror, shadow over sept talks. A.k Antony termed the attack as an attack by 20 heavily armed terrorists and persons dressed in Pakistan army uniforms. Pakistan foreign affairs ministry as is routine denied the incident claiming these were baseless and unfounded allegations. The government should order its army to respond adequately to such misadventures if Pakistan persists in violation of ceasefire accord. The editorial of the new Indian express treat Pakistan as potential enemy, the new Indian express, august7,. Pakisthan had expressed its commitment to the ceasefire agreement of 2003 as an important confidence building measure that should be respected in letter and spirit.(pak denies attack shadow over September talks).the times of India on the very same day had three different titles body blow to India pakistan talks wherein former Indian ambassador to Pakistan and strategic affairs. Expert G pathasarathy said before exercising any diplomatic option India should actually allow the army to respond. The times also indicated that the terror attacks in J&K increased after guru,s hanging,giving statistics singh said there 50 incidents of encounters between terrorists and security forces in jammu and Kashmir in which 15 security personnel. Nawaz sharif remark that Indian prime minister went ahead complaining about him as a dehati aurat kicked off much controversy in the article titled sharifs aurat jibe kicks up a row Times of India,September 30,. From this row the business of doing took a new low road to peace process. Back channel becomes a move after 26/11/2008 attacks; the Indian media highlighted the meeting of separatists with the heads of government. Especially after New Delhi should radically expand its engagements not only with Islamabad but also with Pakistan army especially at the quiet back channel level (why engagement with Pakistan is a must, the Hindu, august 13, ). Back channel diplomacy can be the best tool to iron out differences with the militants suggested by media. Terrorists wearing Pakistan army uniform carried out the attack.if this is not the case then Pakistan has been telling the truth and new Delhi would be doing a great service disservice by not talking to Pakistan. India should continue to engage Islamabad and make efforts to explore ways and means to better target the terror groups. On the very same day much emphasis was given by the deccan chronicle on the kishtwar town burns after four days after the killing of five Indian soldiers in poonch sector which is in the same region.(as kishtwar burns, keep leaders out, deccan chronicle, 13, august,). There were front page cover up of the news by the Deccan December 24 December 11 December 7 Friday Aug 9, December 27 Saturday 17aug December 7 Sunday 18aug

4 chronicle and times of India but not the Hindu. But in the new Indian express on the very same day there were not any editorial and features but only one direct news in front pages and other pages. But a blanket ban on the mainstream media suggests that a state government does not want anyone to get to the bottom of the reasons that sparked this violence. On the boil, august 13, the times of India.. The editorial the times of India highlighted on the very same day on the communal flare up in the jammu region must strengthen resolve to address J&K long pending issues and how pakisthan has used this which has become a ploy for the secessionists. It relates first and foremost to a well thought our strategy of the Pakistani military establishment to heighten tensions on the Loc a strategy that secessionist groups in j&k have endorsed with their self serving statements. Blaming pak for Loc killings an afterthought says envoy, times of India, august 12, was the front page headline of the times of in India on august 12, The former secretary of pakisthan and Prime Minister nawaz sharif special envoy to India suggested the arrest saeed. Shahryar khan with Times of India in a exclusive talk that present laws in Pakistan will have to be changed in order to nab lashkar e-toiba founder of hafiz saeed. There were open statements too from former Pakistan secretary of Pakistan and Prime Minister nawaz shrif special envoy to India. Some commentators have suggested that India should find a way of engaging in dialogue directly with Pakistani army but that doesn't seem a likely option. apparently Richard Holbrooke the former US special representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan had persuaded gen.kayani to agree to direct talks with the head of the Indian army and the Indian prime minster had given his go ahead with this specific engagement. The idea died with Holbrooke untimely demise certainly this can't happen again without the US acting as a broker. Former US special representative to afghistan and pakisthan Richard Holbrooke has given fillip to the whole process of the meet between Gen.Kayani and the head of the Indian army. The intervention of mediator is found albeit eschewing a mediator is oft repeated. One news story which ran title pak violates ceasefire again, one hurt which statistical measures Indian army said that there was approximately 80 percent increase in the number of cease fire violations in by Pakistani army in comparison to corresponding period last year. There are 57 ceasefire violations till august 5, 17 infiltration bids were foiled by army eliminating at least 19 hardcore terrorists. Third party's role was much stressed by columnist in the deccan chronicle that pakisthan been able to credibly commit to policy shift. For example it was when the world bank under leadership of Eugene black used its considerable clout that the Indus waters treaty of 1960 was realized. talking to Pakistan a fool's errand, sumit ganguly,14 august,. The features in the Hindu had stressed upon on punish Pakistan, measuring up, coercive diplomacy and foreign policy. there were men from different school of thought who believed in punishing pakisthan churchchillian resolve turned out to be men with feet of clay on the very same day there were many cartoons depicting the resistance to attacks by manmohan singh. During the December 13, 2001 attacks on the Indian parliament jaswant singh had the record of what a taxing task he had on his hands to convince his political leadership as well as the itchy chiefs of the usefulness of a restraint as a strategic asset for avoiding conflict, Hold the Vajpayee-manmohan singh line. Recall in2000 as many as 114 security personnel and 36 civilians died in border firing,2001 it was 36 and 17, in 2002 it was 81 and 74 and and 38. Therefore for the next couple of years it went down to zero.-line of engagement ignore the chicken hawks stick to engagement, the Hindu, august 9,. Only with the significant expenditure of the diplomatic resources of a third party has Pakistan been able to credibly commit to a policy shift. (Talking to Pakistan, a fool's errand, Deccan chronicle, august 14, ). Only by giving room to a third party Pakistan has always stood for a policy shift is the constant refrain as established through media. Achieving a sustainable peace between India and Pakistan and including all states in the region is only possible if we move beyond the myth that religious communities and ethnic ones for that matter have been in perpetual conflict with one another since time immemorial. (Talking about partition, without fear, deccan chronicle, august 14, 2014). Illusionary peace is garnered by media. If Islamabad were to allow Indian trucks to travel to Afghanistan and Pakistani trucks to central Asia, Pakistani economy will boom, creating enormous opportunities. (Freeze indo-pak talks, the new Indian express, august 17, 2014) India should communicate to Pakistan directly stressing friendship with the people not with their government and arguing that the 10 year freeze in talks is because Pakistani regime is accountable to its own people on governance and jihad groups. The demand for splitting up Jammu and Kashmir is not based on language or culture but on the 4

5 refusal of the RSS and its front bodies to live under muslim rule once sheikh Muhammad Abdullah became prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir (august 18, the Deccan chronicle. Trifurcation of Kashmir.) Any meaningful dialogue will have to wait for the outcome of the 2014 election in India. Had Prime Minister manmohan singh acted with a little more courage back in 2007 things might not have come to such a pass. The Indian dream of peace attempts to play down this harsh geopolitical reality under the misguided impression that a policy of unilateral forbearance by India will somehow promote goodwill with a pathologically hostile and recalcitrant Pakistan army. (Line of control, 3 September, Deccan chronicle) Singh must use the opportunity to tell his Pakistani counterpart that the bilateral relations cannot be put back on the rails unless Pakistan delivers on its promise not to let terrorist groups operate from its soil. (Brook no compromise on national interest, the new Indian express, 26 September, ).There was a lot of commitments through the media endorsing the view that Pakistani soil should not serve as hotbed for perpetrators of terrorism. India had submitted all that was asked by Pakistan on October 15, the Pakistan delegation was well assisted by India to interact with officials who had handled the aftermath of attack. (The Hindu, October 27, ). In his public remarks indirectly hinted at Pakistan being centre of the most terrorist activity and in private asked Mr.sharif why the masterminds of the Mumbai attacks had not been brought to justice and why the venomous hafiz saeed roamed free. (October 28,, the Hindu). After all two Pakistani mushraff and zardari and at least one pm Raja Ashraf have visited India nth years since Vajpayee came to Lahore. But Pakistan has played host to no Indian leaders in all these years. For all practical purposes the bilateral relationship is on hold and will remain in suspended animation until the impending Indian elections. (October 10,, the new Indian express). The ceasefire violation has doubled this year 200 crossing as compared to 117 in It is time that the government gave up the wait and watch policy and asked the Indian army to give a fitting response to Pakistan adventurism. Singh must bluntly tell nawaz sharif that unless ceasefire violations are stopped and terror operation on Pakistan soil dismantled. (The new Indian express, October 22, ). United states Barack obama had written a letter to then Pakistan President Asif zardari that was hand delivered by then national security adviser gen (james jones ) promising that United states will budge India to resolve the kashmir issue. Provided pakisthan was willing to fight terror groups like al-queda,tehrik-e-taliban pakisthan, lashar e-toiba, haqqani network and the afghan Taliban is shocking Though there has been no comment from the united states haqquani claim cannot be dismissed as hogwash India is no banana republic that can be treated with such outrageous disregard for its sovereignty.(,, 7, The new Indian express). So many such instances tell the role of mediator pakisthan had always stressed While the balance may appear to have tipped slightly in favour of the civilians, the army will continue a strong influence over national security and foreign policy. The army grip on foreign policy has often meant has final say when it comes to Pakistan policies towards India, Afghanistan and united states,(wait till new Pakistan army chief delivers, the new Indian express, 29,). The ceasefire agreement came into existence on 26, 2003 after a unilateral announcement by Pakistan which India reciprocated amid a flurry of their moves to normalize relations two years after the terrorist attack on the parliament house. There was no written agreement. Even after the signing of border agreement on confidence measure between the two militaries in 1996 both sides have designated special representatives to find a resolution to the boundary dispute. The face off in wandung prompted talks between the two sides leading to the first border agreement between India and china in 1993.the two militaries since 1986 as for casualties there have been none for more than four decades.( the Hindu, 19,) The manner in which the trail of some 26/11 suspects is carried out in pakisthan is a mockery of justice.( Bankruptcy of foreign policy on ;Pakistan, the new Indian express, 27,) The reported proposal is unlikely to be acceptable to New Delhi as there has been a frowning consensus as the irrevalency of the UN military observers in J&K where they were first deployed in January 1949 following the Pakistan based tribal invasion. Union minister shashi tharoor recently said the observers were wasting their time while describing their presence as needless following. (India pak to spar over UN role at loc, the Deccan chronicle, December 14,. Article 370 was born as a temporary and transitional arrangement with an objective as the constituent assembly debate reveals to fasten Kashmir integration with India.130 laws of the constitution are inapplicable in the state including at the 73 and 74 constitutional amendment. Moreover how the article protects the interests of feudal lords in the state is obvious from the following instance. The urban land ceiling act has no effect in the state. Conferring advantage to a handful of rich people to accumulate urban 5

6 land and keep masses deprived. Article 370 feudal natures is also obvious from the fact that OBCs and ST in Jammu Kashmir are deprived of political reservations. A women from anywhere in the world marrying even acquires naturalized citizenship. But a woman from jammu and Kashmir marrying even an Indian is deprived of citizenship rights within the state. Remember J&k is not unique there are several states which are listed in article 371 and article 371-a to The president may by public notification declare that this article shall cease to be operative but only on the recommendation of the constituent assembly of the state. In other words article 370 can be revoked only if a new constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir is convened and is willing to recommend its revocation.( the Hindu, December 6,2014) (The new Indian express, December 8, ) The horrific beheading of a soldier on the Indian side of the line in January and an ambush in august, again on Indian territory created a political furore undermined other gains in the bilateral relationship. That the militaries took more than two months to schedule it a period in which there were more incidents on LOC is a sad commentary on the bilateral ties.9december 26, the Indian express) REFERENCES 1.Talking to Pakistan a fool s errand, Deccan chronicle,14 august, 2.Hold the Vajpayee-manmohan line, the Hindu, august 14, Line of crisis, ignore the chicken hawks, stick to engagement, august 9,,the Hindu Line of crisis, before talks Pakistan needs to settle internal equations, the Hindu, august 9, 4.Keep talking to pakisthan, august, 9,, Deccan chronicle Hold the Vajpayee-manmohan line, august 14,2014 the Hindu) 5.Talking to Pakistan: a fool errand, Deccan chronicle, 14 august,. 6.Freeze indo-pak talks, the new Indian express, 17,august, 7.Kishtwrast has the answer to its future, the Hindu, august 17, 8.Trifurcation of Kashmir,august 18,, deccan chronicle Looking beyond the singh sharif meeting, the Hindu, September 28, 9.Winds of change in Pakistan, sep 13,the deccan chronicle. 10.Line of control,3 September, Deccan chronicle ) brook no compromise on national interest, the new indianexpress,26 september,) 11.Why look for 26/11 evidence elsewhere, India asks pakisthan., the Hindu, October 27,. 12.Better the devil one knows, the Indian express, October 10,. 13.Time to give up wait and watch policy on pak, October 22,. 14.Don t let any country take India for granted, 7,. 15.Drawing a line of peace and tranquility, 19,. 16.Drawing a line of peace and tranquility, the Hindu, 19,. 17.Bankruptcy of foreign policy on,pakistan, the new Indian express, 27, 18.India pak to spar over UN role at loc, the decaan chronicle, December 14,. 19.Article 370 mechanism and patriarchy, the new Indian express, December 8, 20.Let the dialogue begin,december 26,, the new Indian express Understanding article 370, the Hindu, December 6, Pakistan : Pakistan looks at future of its relations with India with hope: Ambassador Jalil Abbas Jilani, Jilani, Jalil Abbas, Albawaba (London) Ltd.Place of publication: London, pakistan's Domestic constraints viz-a-vicience,vol2 India in Lahore Declaration 1999, Agra Summit 2001 and Peace Talks 2004 Publisher: Department of Political Science, University0,issue-2,179,199 of the Punjab Place of publication: Lahore,journal of political. 23.south Asian security compulsions a historical analysis of india-pakisthan relations,journal of political science,volume 20,issue 2 24.sharif,nawaz() the Christian science monitor,boston,mass http/search proquest.com/docview/ ?accountid=

Indian Streams Research Journal

Vol 4 Issue 6 July 2014 ISSN No : 2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Indian Streams Research Journal Executive Editor Ashok Yakkaldevi Editor-in-Chief H.N.Jagtap