Commons and Anticommons

Transcription

1 Commons and Anticommons Volume I Edited by Michael Heller Lawrence A. Wien Professor ofreal Estate Law Columbia Law School, USA ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO LAW An Elgar Reference Collection Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA Commons and anticommons 2009 digitalisiert durch: IDS Luzern

2 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Michael Heller ix xi PART I PRECURSORS A Commons 1. Aristotle, 'Discussion of Ideal States', in Stephen Everson (ed.) (1996), The Politics and The Constitution of Athens, ook II, Sections 1-5, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (Reprinted from Jonathan arnes (ed.), (1986), Complete Works of Aristotle, by permission of Princeton University Press) 5 2. H. Scott Gordon (1954), 'The Economic Theory of a Common- Property Resource: The Fishery', Journal of Political Economy, 62 (2), April, " 15 Anticommons 3. Augustin Cournot (1838/1960), 'Ofthe Mutual Relations of Producers', in Researches into the Mathematical Principles ofthe Theory of Wealth, Chapter 9, section 55-57, [translated from the French by Nathaniel T. acon], New York and London: Augustus M. Kelley, Frank I. Michelman (1982), 'Ethics, Economics and the Law of Property', in J. Roland Pennock and John W. Chapman (eds), Ethics, Economics and the Law: Nomos, XXIV, Chapter 1, New York and London, New York University Press, 3^40 44 PART II COMMONS A Theory 5. Garrett Hardin (1968), 'The Tragedy ofthe Commons', Science, 162, December, Elinor Ostrom (1990), 'Reflections on the Commons', in Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Chapter 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

3 Commons and Anticommons 1 1. Thräinn Eggertsson (2002), 'Open Access versus Common Property', in Terry L. Anderson and Fred S. McChesney (eds), Property Rights: Cooperation, Conftict, and Law, Chapter 3, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Carol Rose (1986), 'The Comedy of the Commons: Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property', University of Chicago Law Review, 53 (3), Summer, Solutions 9. Elinor Ostrom (1999), 'Coping with Tragedies of the Commons', Annual Review of Political Science, 2, Hanoch Dagan and Michael A. Heller (2001), 'The Liberal Commons', Yale Law Journal, 110 (4), January, Shirli Kopelman, J. Mark Weber and David M. Messick (2002), 'Factors Influencing Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas: A Review of Experimental Psychological Research', in Elinor Ostrom (ed.), The Drama ofthe Commons, Chapter 4, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, PART III ANTICOMMONS A Theory 12. Michael A.Heller (1998), 'The Tragedy ofthe Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets', Harvard Law Review, 111 (3), January, Michael Heller (2008), 'The Tragedy ofthe Anticommons', in 77;e Gridlock Economy: How Too Much Ownership Wrecks Markets, Stops Innovation, and Costs Lives, Chapter 1, New York, NY: asic ooks, Economics 14. James M. uchanan and Yong J. Yoon (2000), 'Symmetrie Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons', Journal oflaw and Economics, XLIII (1), April, Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and en Depoorter (2005), 'Duality in Property: Commons and Anticommons', International Review oflaw and Economics, 25 (4), December, Francesco Parisi, Norbert Schulz and en Depoorter (2004), 'Simultaneous and Sequential Anticommons', European Journal of Law and Economics, 17,

4 Commons and Anticommons I 17. Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci and Francesco Parisi (2006), 'Substituting Complements', Journal of Competion Law and Economics, 2 (3), en Depoorter and Sven Vanneste (2006), 'Putting Humpty Dumpty ack Together: Experimental Evidence of Anticommons Tragedies', Journal oflaw, Economics and Policy, 3(1), Winter,

5 Commons and Anticommons Volume II Edited by Michael Heller Lawrence A. Wien Professor ofreal Estate Law Columbia Law School, USA X'<^ '-//.- an 'X LUIERN gj ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO LAW An Elgar Reference Collection Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA

6 Contents Acknowledgements vii An introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume I PART I THE NEW SPECTRUM A Linking Commons and Anticommons 1. Lee Anne Fennell (2004), 'Common Interest Tragedies', Northwestern University Law Review, 98 (3), April, Stephen R. Munzer (2005), 'The Commons and the Anticommons in the Law and Theory of Property', in Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson (eds), The lackwell Guide to the Philosophy oflaw and Legal Theory, Chapter 10, Maiden, MA: lackwell Publishing, Carol M. Rose (2000), 'Left rain, Right rain, and History in the New Law and Economics of Property', Oregon Law Review, 79 (2), Summer, The Economy of Property Forms 4. Harold Demsetz (1967), 'Toward a Theory of Property Rights', American Economic Review, 57 (2), May, Michael A. Heller (1999), 'The oundaries of Private Property', Yale Law Journal, 108 (6), April, Henry E. Smith (2000), 'Semicommon Property Rights and Scattering in the Open Fields', Journal of Legal Studies, XXIX (1), January, Henry Hansmann and Reinier Kraakman (2002), 'Property, Contract, and Verification: The Numerus Clausus Problem and the Divisibility of Rights', Journal of Legal Studies, XXXI (2), June, S373-S PART II APPLICATION OF ANTICOMMONS THEORY A Patents 8. Michael A. Heller and Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1998), 'Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in iomedical Research', Science, 280 (5364),

7 Commons and Anticommons II 9. Carl Shapiro (2001), 'Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting', in Adam. Jaffe, Josh Lerner and Scott Stern (eds), Innovation Policy and the Economy 1, Cambridge, M A: MIT Press, Fiona Murray and Scott Stern (2007), 'Do Formal Intellectual Property Rights Hinder the Free Flow of Scientific Knowledge? An Empirical Test ofthe Anti-Commons Hypothesis', Journal of Economic ehavior and Organization, 63, Rosemarie Harn Ziedonis (2004), 'Don't Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms', Management Science, 50 (6), More Intangible Property 12. en Depoorter and Francesco Parisi (2002), 'Fair Use and Copyright Protection: A Price Theory Explanation', International Review of Law and Economics, 21, Thomas W. Hazlett (2005), 'Spectrum Tragedies', Yale Journal on Regulation, 22 (2), Summer, C Real Property 14. Gary D. Libecap and James L. Smith (2002), 'The Economic Evolution of Petroleum Property Rights in the United States', Journal of Legal Studies, XXXI (2), June, S589-S Abraham ell and Gideon Parchomovsky (2003), 'Of Property and Antiproperty', Michigan Law Review, 102 (1), October, Mark D. West and Emily M. Morris (2003), 'The Tragedy of the Condominiums: Legal Responses to Collective Action Problems After the Kobe Earthquake', American Journal of Comparative Law, 51 (4), Autumn, 903^ Russell S. Sobel and Peter T. Leeson (2006), 'Government's Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Public Choice Analysis', Public Choice, 127,