Final Project Report

Transcription

1 Final Project Report 905 Selected training sites: Peel Halton Durham York 519 Selected training sites: London Kitchener-Waterloo Cambridge Guelph Prepared by the Social Planning Council of Peel Funded By

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments... ii Introduction... 1 Part I. Project Description... 2 A. Purpose of Project... 2 B. Geographical Scope of Project... 2 C. Regional Community Partners... 2 D. Time Line for Project... 2 E. Total Number of Participants in Training Program... 2 F. Project Activities... 2 Part II. Overview of the Training Program... 4 A. Training Participants... 4 B. Content of the Training Program... 5 C. Training Materials D. Delivery of the Training E. Post-Training Support Part III. Key Learnings/Observations A. The Title of the Training Program B. Content of the Training Program C. Delivery of the Training Program D. Post-Training Support E. Implications of Project for the ISAP and other Settlement and Integration Programs in Ontario Part IV. Recommendations A. Title of the Training Program B. Content of the Training Program C. Delivery of the Training Program D. Post-Training Support Appendix A Summary Evaluation of the Training Program by the Newcomer Participants A Summary Evaluation of the Training Program by Trainers and Service Providers Fact Sheets on Immigrants and Visible Minorities in Eight Ontario Regions i

3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Social Planning Council of Peel wishes to thank Citizen and Immigration Canada for their financial support of this project. Appreciation is expressed for the leadership and guidance offered to the project management team by the members of the Advisory Committee for this project: Angela Nijhar, Director, Peel Committee Against Woman Abuse (PCAWA), John Hopkins, African Canadian Youth Substance Abuse Program (ACYSAP); Kerry Samuels, Peel Resident; Dorothy Attakora-Gyan, African Diaspora Capacity Building and Health Promotion Coordinator, Peel HIV-AIDS Network (PHAN). The Social Planning Council of Peel expresses its heartfelt appreciation to the Social Planning Network of Ontario for encouraging its member agencies in Southern Ontario to participate as regional community partners in the project. Special thanks are extended to the agencies who participated in the project as Regional Community Partners: REGIONAL COMMUNITY PARTNERS 905 REGIONS DURHAM Community Development Council Durham (Tracey Vaughan-Barrett, Executive Director, Ben Earle, Manager, Community Development, Sarah Squire, Community Development Coordinator) HALTON Community Development Halton (Dr. Joey Edwardh, Executive Director); Volunteer Halton (Ann Coburn, Director); Halton Multicultural Council (Joanna Mathews, Executive Director) PEEL The Social Planning Council of Peel (Dr. Srimanta Mohanty, Chief Executive Officer; Carlene McKenzie, Project Manager) YORK Settlement Assistance and Family Support Services (Rabindra Nath Sabat, Program Director) 519 REGIONS CAMBRIDGE The Social Planning Council of Cambridge and North Dumfries (Linda Terry, Executive Director) GUELPH Volunteer Centre of Guelph/Wellington (Cathy Taylor, Executive Director, Gayle Valeriote, Training and Consultation); Onward Willow, Better Beginnings/Better Futures (Lorna Schwartzentruber, Program Manager) KITCHENER-WATERLOO The Social Planning Council of Kitchener-Waterloo (Trudy Beaulne, Executive Director) LONDON The Pillar Nonprofit Network (Michelle Baldwin, Executive Director); London Cross Cultural Learner Centre (Valerian Marochko, Executive Director, Monica Abdelkader, Community Educator) ii

4 Background INTRODUCTION At this point in Canadian history, the majority of Canadians are White, English-speaking, Christian, and of European origin, while the majority of the immigrants arriving in Canada in large numbers are non-white, non-english-speaking, non-christian, and of non- European origin. In other words, the new immigrants are arriving in a country where the dominant group is very different from them, racially and culturally speaking. To peacefully accommodate and integrate the diverse groups within the Canadian population, Canada has established many laws and public policies promoting equal treatment and equal opportunity for all people living in Canada, and is a recognized world leader in managing one of the most multicultural societies in human history. However, discrimination, including racism, still exists in Canada and is a major factor in the lives of the new immigrants arriving in Canada from such places as Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. Much of the work done to date to eliminate racism in Canada has focused on addressing the problem at the systems level in society at large and within organizations and public institutions with the goal of systemic change and organizational change for the elimination of racism. This is an important and necessary focus because racism in Canada is a systemic problem a problem that can be found in every area of Canadian society. However, relatively little work has been done at the level of the individual who experiences racism in his or her everyday life to equip him or her to respond effectively to actual incidents of racism against him or her. Purpose of Report This report describes a pilot training project for newcomers in Canada. The training was focused on helping individual newcomers to effectively respond to experiences of discrimination, especially racism, while settling in Canada. A description of the project is provided along with key learnings and recommendations based on feedback provided to the Social Planning Council of Peel by the newcomers and service providers who participated in the pilot training program. Organization of the Report The report has four (4) parts. Part I provides a detailed description of the project. Part II provides a description of the training program. The key learnings and observations from this project are presented in Part III, while the recommendations based on the key learnings are provided in Part IV. A summary of the evaluation of the training program (based on training participants feedback) is provided in Appendix 1. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 1 -

5 A. Purpose of Project PART I: PROJECT DESCRIPTION To develop a training program to help individual newcomers to Canada respond effectively to their experiences of racism against themselves in their everyday lives. (The project was a pilot project.) B. Geographical Scope of Project The project was multi-regional in scope. Eight (8) regions in the 905 and 519 areas of Ontario were selected for participation in this project: 905 Regions - Peel, Halton, Durham, and York 519 Regions - Kitchener-Waterloo, Cambridge, Guelph and London. C. Regional Community Partners Integral to the implementation and eventual success of the project was the collaboration between the Social Planning Council of Peel and its eight (8) regional community partners. The regional community partners acted as local hosts for the training in their respective geographic areas. They were responsible for the coordination of the training in their areas and for the provision of information materials on local resources for addressing discrimination. 905 Regions: Durham - Community Development Council of Durham; Halton - Community Development Halton, Volunteer Halton, Halton Multicultural Council; York Region Settlement Assistance and Family Support Services; Peel Region Social Planning Council of Peel. 519 Regions: Kitchener Waterloo -Social Planning Council of Kitchener-Waterloo, Cambridge - Social Planning Council of Cambridge & North Dumfries, London - Pillar Nonprofit Network, London Cross Cultural Learner Centre; Guelph-Wellington - Volunteer Centre of Guelph/Wellington, Onward Willow, Better Beginnings, Better Futures. D. Time Line for Project: Twelve (12) months - (November 2009 to October 2010) E. Total Number of Participants in Training Program: 177 F. Project Activities (Actual) See Table 1 for Project Outputs 1. Establishment of a Project Advisory Committee* 2. Recruitment and Orientation of Community Partners* 3. Literature Review on Anti-Racism Training for New Immigrants and Related Issues 4. Development of a Conceptual Framework for the Training Program 5. Development of Training Curriculum 6. Development of Training Materials 7. Coordination and Logistics for Nine Training Sessions in Nine Different Locations 8. Delivery of Training to Newcomers: 8 training sessions in 8 regions of Southern Ontario 9. Delivery of Training to Trainers and Settlement Workers: One training session for participants from across the eight (8) participating regions of Southern Ontario 10. Evaluation of all training sessions and the project as a whole 11. Final Project Report *Includes formal presentations about the training program. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 2 -

6 Table 1 - Project Outputs 1. Expected Outputs (Copy from Schedule 1 in Letter of Agreement) 1. One anti-racism training program for victims of racism 2. Anti-Racism resource materials for victims of racism 3. Training at least 120 victims of racism and 80 anti-racism workers 4. One report on the findings and learnings from the project 5. At least 3 presentations on the training program to at least 60 stakeholders 6. Training program, resources and project report posted on SPC websites and shared with anti-racism and social justice websites 2. Actual Achievements Training program includes: Conceptual Framework for the Training Program Training Curriculum Training Materials. Resource materials includes: Project Description Case Studies/Stories Definitions of Key Terms (e.g., Racism, Discrimination, etc.) Fact Sheets on Immigration, Languages and Visible Minorities for the selected 8 regions in the 905 & 519 areas of Southern Ontario List of Major Federal, Provincial and Local Agencies that Address Issues of Racism Key Websites for List of Settlement Agencies in Ontario. Training program materials are available in powerpoint format: Hard-copy - binder Electronic CD. Provided training to 177 participants: Delivered 8 one-day training sessions to 158 newcomers (with some settlement workers and trainers present in the sessions) Delivered a 3-day train-the-trainer session to 19 anti-racism trainers and settlement workers. Report has been completed and submitted as part of the final project report. Conducted 2 presentations to 44 participants. Training program, resources and project report have been posted on SPC website. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 3 -

7 PART II: OVERVIEW OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM A. Training Participants (Total 177) Newcomers to Canada: 158 Trainers and Settlement Workers: 19 Although the project management team did not collect information on the racial and ethnic background of the participants, the following generalized observations were made:- The majority of the newcomer participants were from India, Pakistan and the Middle East. There were very few Black newcomers in the training sessions (relevant because of the prevalence of anti-black racism in Canada/USA). There were more women than men at the training sessions. The average age of the participants seemed to be around years of age. The majority of the participants were highly educated professionals. The majority of the participants were unemployed or underemployed. Table 1 below provides a breakdown of the number of participants (i.e., newcomer participants by region, and train-the-trainer participants) Table 1 - Participants by Region Geographic Region # of Participants 905 Region Durham 14 Halton 27* Peel 14 York** 29* Sub-total 905 Region Region Cambridge 11 Guelph 20 Kitchener** 26 London 17 Sub-total 519 Region 74 Total - Newcomer Participants 158 Train-the Trainer Session Participants (Service Providers and Trainers) 19 Total # of Participants 177 * Interpreters provided ** Included some anti-racism trainers and settlement service workers. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 4 -

8 B. Content of the Training Program 1. Conceptual Framework Developed for Training Program a) Subject: Discrimination in Canada (with an emphasis on racial discrimination) b) Focus: Helping newcomers to Canada to respond effectively to experiences of discrimination c) Approach: Primary Approach: Personal Approach - What the individual newcomer can do by himself or herself to respond to his or her experiences of discrimination Secondary Approach: Civic Approach - Community-based resources and strategies that newcomers to Canada can access and use to help eliminate discrimination in Canada d) Learning Objectives: Awareness of the individual s rights and responsibilities in Canada Awareness of major Canadian laws and public policies on multiculturalism, equality, etc. Awareness of discrimination in Canada Development of attitudes and skills for dealing effectively with discrimination Knowledge of community resources for helping newcomers to address discrimination The Social Planning Council of Peel - 5 -

9 Fig #1. UNDERSTANDING DISCRIMINATION: BASIC CONCEPTS The Social Planning Council of Peel - 6 -

10 Fig #2. THE IMPACT OF RACISM: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 The Personal Impact of Racism Mental What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Physical What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Racism Definition Characteristics Functions Structures Spiritual What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Emotional What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Source: Paula DeCoito, Ph.D., Addressing the Social Exclusion of Visible Minorities in Canada: A Training Program, [The Social Planning Council of Peel]. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 7 -

11 Fig #2. THE IMPACT OF RACISM: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.2 The Social Impact of Racism Community Involvement/ Civic Engagement What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Relationships What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Racism Definition Characteristics Functions Structures Concern About the Physical Environment What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Economics What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Source: Paula DeCoito, Ph.D., Addressing the Social Exclusion of Visible Minorities in Canada: A Training Program, [The Social Planning Council of Peel]. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 8 -

12 Fig #2. THE IMPACT OF RACISM: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.3 The Social Impact of Racism Community Involvement/ Civic Engagement Voting Involvement in organizations/groups Running for Public Office Other Relationships At home At work In the local neighbourhood Other What it looks like What it feels like The impact on you Your response Alternative responses Resources to assist you Racism Economics Employment Promotions Training Income Buying or renting a home Buying or renting a car Other Concern About the Physical Environment Awareness of environmental issues Personal actions for conservation, recycling, etc. Involvement in groups/ organizations Other Source: Paula DeCoito, Ph.D., Addressing the Social Exclusion of Visible Minorities in Canada: A Training Program, [The Social Planning Council of Peel]. The Social Planning Council of Peel - 9 -

13 2. Summary Outline of the Training Curriculum Create a safe, inclusive and welcoming learning environment. Invite newcomers to reflect/share their experiences of settling in Canada. Inform newcomers about the laws and public policies in Canada that guarantee them the right to be treated fairly and to retain their cultural heritage in Canada. Invite newcomers to share their experiences of discrimination, if any, in Canada. Discuss basic concepts and ideas related to discrimination (stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, systemic discrimination, racism, etc.). Use concrete examples. Discuss the impact of discrimination on the lives of newcomers and why it is important for newcomers to take charge of their response to discrimination. Discuss newcomers own approaches to dealing with discrimination in Canada (or in their home countries) Introduce newcomers to a range of tools and strategies for dealing with discrimination in Canada. Personal tools and strategies for responding to discrimination Civic/social tools and strategies for responding to discrimination Offer a list of community resources that newcomers can use to address discrimination in their own lives and in Canada as a whole (includes settlement service agencies, social justice organizations, legal clinics, etc.) End the training on a hopeful and inspiring note reminding newcomers of Canada s laws and public policies geared to eliminating discrimination and ensuring equality of opportunity for all Canadians. The concepts of stress and fairness are emphasized. Each person has to manage the impact of stress he or she faces caused by discrimination at the same time as he or she seeks social justice and reparation. The Social Planning Council of Peel

14 C. Training Materials Training materials consisted primarily of: a powerpoint presentation (training agenda and materials used throughout the training; not a one-time presentation) definition of key terms related to discrimination (stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, systemic discrimination, racism) a wheel showing the impact of racism on different areas of the newcomers lives case studies of discrimination in different areas of Canadian society a list of community and governmental resources for addressing discrimination Limited use was made of printed written materials due to the differing levels of English fluency among the participants in the training sessions. D. Delivery of the Training 1. Place: The training was provided in a variety of locations: community centres, hotels and settlement agencies. 2. Time: The training was provided as a one day session (8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.). 3. Methods: Popular education and adult education techniques were used (relying on the participants experience and knowledge of the subject; linking the training to the current context and objectives of the participants; highly participatory). 4. Trainers: Two (2) trainers/facilitators conducted the training. One trainer is a sociologist and a formally trained anti-oppression trainer. The other trainer is a former teacher with extensive international experience in anti-oppression training. Both trainers are members of visible minority groups. 5. Interpreters: Cultural interpreters were employed in two (2) of the eight (8) training sessions. E. Post-Training Support At the end of each training session, participants were given a list of community resources that they could use to address their needs as newcomers in Canada, including the need to respond to their experiences of discrimination. Settlement workers and/or counselors from the local agency hosting the training session were on hand to make referrals as needed and as appropriate to their own agencies and other agencies in the community. The Social Planning Council of Peel

15 A. The Title of the Training Program PART III: KEY LEARNINGS/OBSERVATIONS (From the Social Planning Council of Peel) While the initial title of the training was Anti-Racism Training for Newcomers to Canada, it quickly became apparent to the trainers that the terms racism and antiracism were not well suited for the newcomer participants. This became especially clear in sessions where there was a mix of newcomers from different racial and ethnic groups. For example, White newcomers from Eastern Europe and Latin America and immigrants from the Middle East who looked like White people did not relate easily to the concept of racial discrimination as part of their Canadian experience. For these newcomers, the issue was more that of discrimination based on language, religion and their foreign professional credentials. Furthermore, there were very few Black people in the training sessions newcomers for whom anti-black racism is a harsh and daily reality in Canada. Halfway through the training (after completing 4 training sessions), the trainers focused more on discrimination and less on racism. Discrimination was a term that everyone in the training sessions could relate to regardless of their racial or ethnic background. The Social Planning Council of Peel

16 B. Content of the Training Program 1. Participants Readiness for Training Newcomers who were in Canada for less than one year wanted to focus on survival issues such as finding jobs and housing and were willing to overlook discrimination or deal with it later on in their settlement process. Newcomers who had been in Canada for several years wanted to focus more on responding to discrimination than on defining or understanding discrimination. Some newcomers reported that they did not see discrimination in Canada as a major problem because they were coming from countries and cultures where discrimination was openly practiced and supported by public laws and policies. One participant summed up this sentiment as follows, Discrimination exists everywhere, but it is not so bad in Canada. 2. English Language Skills Required for Participation in the Training Many of the newcomers, while able to speak English, were not familiar with the English versions of the concepts specifically related to discrimination (such as stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, systemic discrimination, sexism, racism, etc.) Some of the newcomers felt uncomfortable revealing that they could not follow the conversation in the training room and did not ask for help to better understand what was being said. Interpreters were provided in two (2) of the training sessions. This worked only partially because the interpreters were not briefed ahead of time about the training. To benefit from the training, newcomers should have at least a conversational level of English. 3. Appropriateness/Relevance of Training Materials The use of a powerpoint presentation and other visual aids seemed to have worked well for the newcomer participants. It was repeatedly observed that the participants hardly referred to the written training materials that were provided to them at registration. The only exception was when they were directed to something specific, for example, the case studies on experiences of racism. In retrospect, the trainers realized that too much information and too much complex information was provided for an audience with limited facility in the English language. (A decision has been made to re-do the training materials based on the learnings from the training sessions.) 4. Use of Written Case Studies The use of case studies worked only when the newcomers were able to read and understand them well. This situation was alleviated by having the trainer put the case studies into a powerpoint slide and having them role-played by the training participants. The Social Planning Council of Peel

17 C. Delivery of the Training Program 1. Balance of Tone and Perspective A key learning was the need for a balanced approach in discussing issues of discrimination in Canada. On the one hand, Canada is exemplary on the world stage when it comes to having laws and public policies that uphold the principles of equality and fairness for all. On the other hand, discrimination still exists in Canada, especially against non-white people. The trainers were careful in acknowledging this situation, while at the same time trying very conscientiously not to impose victim status on the newcomers or to encourage them to be on the look out for discrimination. Another learning pertained to that of balancing the need for honesty and safety in the training situation. On the one hand, the trainers pointed out the racist history of Canada and current day discrimination against particular groups. On the other hand, many of the newcomer participants in the training came to Canada from countries whose cultural and religious values and traditions promote and condone discrimination against particular groups a situation that is not acceptable in the Canadian context. Raising the latter issue had to be done in a gentle and respectful manner in order to maintain a safe psychological space for the training to occur. 2. Having Both Newcomers and Service Providers in a Training Program for Newcomers There were two sessions that were attended by both newcomers and service providers/trainers. In both cases, there was very limited participation from the newcomers whose English-speaking skills were not as good as those of the service providers. There was also a difference in the level of confidence between these two groups, with the more confident group of service providers/trainers taking the lead in the discussions. The learning here is that training for newcomers should not be open to service providers unless the curriculum design specifically allows for this. D. Post-Training Support At the end of the training, many newcomer participants approached the trainers and revealed that they were highly educated trained professionals who were unemployed or under-employed. Some of them requested assistance in finding better jobs. Some requested assistance for dealing with a particular incident of discrimination. In the latter cases, the trainers provided the participants with referrals to particular organizations within the community for assistance with their concerns. It was helpful to have a settlement worker in the training room to assist the trainers with requests for follow-up support. The Social Planning Council of Peel

18 E. Implications of Project for the ISAP and other Settlement and Integration Programs in Ontario The learnings and recommendations of this project collectively provide very valuable lessons that can be used to further enhance the ISAP and other settlement and integration programs for newcomers in Ontario. There would be significant benefit to newcomers to Canada if the various settlement and integration training programs specifically included a Know Your Rights in Canada component, with the objective of learning how to effectively deal with discrimination. A Know Your Rights In Canada perspective would also be useful in the partnerships between the Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration and the non-profit sector in the development of social policies and services that address such areas as: - Labour market integration of new Canadians - Citizen/civic participation (e.g., volunteering, voting, etc.) - Social inclusion of racial/visible minority groups Settlement workers in Canada should be provided with training about discrimination in Canada and how to help newcomers deal with discrimination in their lives. The Social Planning Council of Peel

19 PART IV: RECOMMENDATIONS In response to the key learnings and observations of the project, the following recommendations are proposed by the Social Planning Council of Peel. A. Title of Training Program Change the name of the training program to be more inclusive and positive. For example:- From: Anti-Racism Training for Newcomers to Canada to: Know Your Rights in Canada: A Training Program for Newcomers or Dealing with Discrimination and Stress Effectively: A Training Program for Newcomers to Canada B. Content of Training Program Design the training for newcomers who have been in Canada for at least one year and who have at least a conversational level of English. Customize training for specific newcomer groups: Blacks, youth, specific ethnic minority groups, religious minorities, gender minorities, newcomers with disabilities, seniors. (One size does not fit all.) Recognize that different newcomer groups experience and respond to discrimination differently in Canada due to differences in race, culture, history, economics, family structure, social networks/social capital, etc.; recognize that different groups have different levels of capacity for responding to discrimination. Gently and respectfully challenge newcomers to reflect and address the fact that many of them come to Canada with cultural backgrounds and beliefs that promote and condone discrimination against particular groups. Respectfully inform them that such beliefs and practices are not acceptable in Canada. Provide newcomers with a strong incentive for addressing discrimination in their lives by showing them the latest scientific evidence about the impact of discrimination and stress on the body, mind and spirit of the individual and his/her life chances and those of their family members. C. Delivery of the Training Program The training program is best suited for newcomers who have been in Canada for at least one year. Provide the training program in different time periods. For example, one day sessions as well as delivery of the training in multiple shorter sessions over a period of time. Provide the training in different languages (to specific language groups) Provide the training to both mixed groups (different racial and ethnic backgrounds) as well as to specific groups (by themselves). For example: immigrant youth, Blacks, South Asians, Vietnamese, immigrant women, etc. Provide the training as part of the LINC program. (Integrate it into the LINC program.) The Social Planning Council of Peel

20 Provide interpreters with an orientation to the training program prior to employing them as interpreters for the newcomers in the training program. Rely mostly on oral presentations and visual aids. Limit the need for reading training materials during the training. Provide the training on-line for newcomers with fluency in English. This training program should be delivered by at least two trainers. It is helpful for one of these trainers to have a counseling background. D. Post Training Support Provide training participants with information about resources in their local community, which they can use to help them address issues of discrimination in their lives. Be prepared to personally refer participants in the training program to community resources. It is helpful to have a settlement counselor present towards the end of the training program, for referral purposes. The Social Planning Council of Peel

21 Appendix 1. A Summary Evaluation of the Training Program by the Newcomer Participants 2. A Summary Evaluation of the Training by Trainers and Service Providers 3. Fact Sheets on Immigrants and Visible Minorities in Eight Ontario Regions The Social Planning Council of Peel

22 1. A Summary Evaluation of the Training Program by the Newcomer Participants Excellent Very Total Good Fair Poor Good Participants # % # % # % # % # % # % Organization of Session Content of Session Presenters Format of Session Training Materials & Resources Overall Impression of Session A Summary Evaluation of the Training by Trainers and Service Providers Excellent Very Total Good Fair Poor Good Participants # % # % # % # % # % # % Organization of Session Content of Session Presenters Format of Session Training Materials & Resources Overall Impression of Session The Social Planning Council of Peel

23 3. Fact Sheets on Immigration, Languages and Visible Minorities in Selected 905, 519 areas, Peel Region Halton Region York Region Durham Region City of Guelph City of Kitchener City of Waterloo City of Cambridge City of London

24 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: PEEL REGION, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 1,159,405 Total Population (2001) 988,958 Population Growth ( ) 17.2% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 561,235 % of Total Population 48.6% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 561,235 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 561,235 Under 5 years 42, % 5 to 14 years 98, % 15 to 24 years 134, % 25 to 44 years 226, % 45 years and over 58, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 561,235 Southern Asia 168, % Southern Europe 63, % Southeast Asia 53, % Caribbean and Bermuda 52, % Eastern Europe 42, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 118,220 Southern Asia 60, % Southeast Asia 10, % Eastern Asia 9, % West Central Asia & the Middle East 8, % Eastern Europe 5, % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 909,145 1st generation 534, % 2nd generation 186, % 3rd generation or more 188, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 1,154,070 Multiple Responses 27, % Single Responses 1,126, % English 603, % French 11, % Non-official Languages 510, % Punjabi 92, % Urdu 42, % Chinese 41, % Polish 34, % Portuguese 31, % Other languages 266, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 1,154,070 Non-Visible Minority Population 577, % Visible Minority Population 576, % South Asian 272, % Black 95, % Chinese 54, % Filipino 42, % Latin American 21, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

25 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITY: HALTON REGION, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 439,256 Total Population (2001) 375,229 Population Growth ( ) 17.1% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 107,920 % of Total Population 24.8% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 107,920 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 107,920 Under 5 years 11, % 5 to 14 years 21, % 15 to 24 years 25, % 25 to 44 years 42, % 45 years and over 6, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 107,920 Northern Europe 27, % Southern Europe 15, % Eastern Europe 10, % Southern Asia 10, % Western Europe 7, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 13,105 Southern Asia 2, % Eastern Asia 1, % Eastern Europe 1, % West Central Asia & the Middle East 1, % Northern Europe 1, % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 347,505 1st generation 105, % 2nd generation 85, % 3rd generation or more 156, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 435,395 Multiple Responses 4, % Single Responses 430, % English 341, % French 8, % Non-official Languages 80, % Polish 7, % Italian 7, % Portuguese 5, % Chinese 5, % German 5, % Other languages 49, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 435,395 Non-Visible Minority Population 378, % Visible Minority Population 57, % South Asian 18, % Chinese 8, % Black 8, % Filipino 4, % Latin American 3, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

26 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: YORK REGION, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 892,712 Total Population (2001) 729,254 Population Growth ( ) 22.4% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 380,525 % of Total Population 42.9% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 380,530 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 380,530 Under 5 years 29, % 5 to 14 years 69, % 15 to 24 years 89, % 25 to 44 years 151, % 45 years and over 40, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 380,530 Eastern Asia 98, % Southern Europe 54, % Southern Asia 44, % Eastern Europe 36, % West Central Asia & the Middle East 35, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 46,460 Eastern Asia 12, % Southern Asia 8, % West Central Asia & the Middle East 7, % Eastern Europe 6, % Southeast Asia 3, % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 709,550 1st generation 370, % 2nd generation 173, % 3rd generation or more 165, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 887,345 Multiple Responses 16, % Single Responses 870, % English 472, % French 7, % Non-official Languages 389, % Chinese 114, % Italian 60, % Russian 25, % Persian (Farsi) 19, % Tamil 15, % Other languages 155, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 887,345 Non-Visible Minority Population 557, % Visible Minority Population 329, % Chinese 138, % South Asian 80, % West Asian 20, % Black 20, % Filipino 17, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

27 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: DURHAM REGION, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 561,258 Total Population (2001) 506,901 Population Growth ( ) 10.7% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 113,395 % of Total Population 20.3% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 113,390 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 113,390 Under 5 years 11, % 5 to 14 years 23, % 15 to 24 years 28, % 25 to 44 years 42, % 45 years and over 6, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 113,395 Northern Europe 25, % Caribbean and Bermuda 17, % Southern Europe 10, % Southern Asia 9, % South America 8, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 9,890 Southern Asia 1, % Caribbean and Bermuda 1, % Southeast Asia % Eastern Asia % West Central Asia & the Middle East % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 442,285 1st generation 111, % 2nd generation 99, % 3rd generation or more 230, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 557,330 Multiple Responses 5, % Single Responses 552, % English 472, % French 9, % Non-official Languages 70, % Italian % Polish 5, % German 5, % Chinese 4, % Tagalog (Filipino) 4, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 557,330 Non-Visible Minority Population 463, % Visible Minority Population 93, % Black 33, % South Asian 24, % Filipino 7, % Chinese 7, % Latin American 3, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

28 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: GUELPH CITY, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 114,943 Total Population (2001) 106,170 Population Growth ( ) 8.3% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 24,115 % of Total Population 21.1% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 24,110 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 24,110 Under 5 years 2, % 5 to 14 years 4, % 15 to 24 years 5, % 25 to 44 years 9, % 45 years and over 1, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 24,115 Northern Europe 4, % Southern Europe 3, % Southeast Asia 3, % Eastern Europe 2, % Southern Asia 2, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 3,825 Southern Asia % Eastern Asia % Southeast Asia % West Central Asia & the Middle East % Eastern Europe % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 92,930 1st generation 23, % 2nd generation 18, % 3rd generation or more 50, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 114,115 Multiple Responses 1, % Single Responses 112, % English 89, % French 1, % Non-official Languages 21, % Italian 2, % Chinese 2, % Polish 1, % Hungarian 1, % Spanish 1, % Other languages 12, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 114,120 Non-Visible Minority Population 98, % Visible Minority Population 15, % South Asian 3, % Chinese 3, % Filipino 1, % Southeast Asian 1, % Black 1, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

29 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: KITCHENER CITY, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 204,668 Total Population (2001) 190,399 Population Growth ( ) 7.5% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 53,320 % of Total Population 26.4% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 53,320 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 53,320 Under 5 years 5, % 5 to 14 years 10, % 15 to 24 years 12, % 25 to 44 years 21, % 45 years and over 3, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 53,320 Southern Europe 11, % Eastern Europe 9, % Northern Europe 4, % Western Europe 4, % Southeast Asia 3, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 9,285 Southern Asia 1, % Eastern Europe 1, % West Central Asia & the Middle East 1, % Eastern Asia % Southern Europe % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 164,275 1st generation 51, % 2nd generation 28, % 3rd generation or more 84, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 202,155 Multiple Responses 2, % Single Responses 199, % English 145, % French 2, % Non-official Languages 52, % German 6, % Spanish 4, % Serbian 3, % Romanian 3, % Polish 3, % Other languages 29, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 202,160 Non-Visible Minority Population 170, % Visible Minority Population 31, % Black 6, % South Asian 6, % Latin American 4, % Southeast Asian 4, % Chinese 2, % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)

30 IMMIGRATION, LANGUAGE & VISIBLE MINORITIES: WATERLOO CITY, 2006 Population Total Population (2006) 97,475 Total Population (2001) 86,543 Population Growth ( ) 12.6% Immigrant Population* Total Immigrant Population 21,980 % of Total Population 22.7% Immigrants by Period of Immigration Total Immigrants by Period of Immigration: 21,980 Before , % 1961 to , % 1971 to , % 1981 to , % 1991 to , % 2001 to , % Immigrants by Age at Immigration Total Immigrants by Age at Immigration: 21,985 Under 5 years 2, % 5 to 14 years 4, % 15 to 24 years 4, % 25 to 44 years 9, % 45 years and over 1, % Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) Total Immigrants by Place of Birth: 21,980 Eastern Asia 3, % Eastern Europe 2, % Northern Europe 2, % Southern Asia 2, % Western Europe 2, % Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth (Top 5) [ ] Total Recent Immigrants by Place of Birth: 4,490 Eastern Asia 1, % Southern Asia 1, % West Central Asia & the Middle East % Eastern Europe % United States of America % Generation Status Total Population 15+ by Generation Status: 78,985 1st generation 22, % 2nd generation 15, % 3rd generation or more 41, % Language (Mother Tongue**) Total Population by Mother Tongue: 96,775 Multiple Responses % Single Responses 95, % English 72, % French 1, % Non-official Languages 21, % Chinese 4, % German 3, % Polish 1, % Spanish 1, % Persian (Farsi) % Other languages 10, % Visible Minority (Top 5) Total Population by Visible Minority: 96,775 Non-Visible Minority Population 80, % Visible Minority Population 16, % Chinese 5, % South Asian 4, % Black 1, % Southeast Asian % Korean % DEFINITIONS * People who are or who have ever been landed immigrants. Landed immigrants are people who have been permitted by immigration authorities to live in Canada permanently; some will have lived in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. ** Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. Note: Totals may not exactly equal the sum of their components due to rounding. Source: The Social Planning Council of Peel, January Sept (based on Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 2006; results derived from the PCensus demographic analysis system)