Progress report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea I. Introduction

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1 United Nations Security Council Distr.: General 7 July 2004 Original: English S/2004/543 Progress report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 12 of Security Council resolution 1320 (2000) of 15 September 2000, and provides an update on developments in the peace process since my report dated 5 March 2004 (S/2004/180). The report also describes the deployment and activities of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), whose current mandate expires on 15 September II. Status of the Temporary Security Zone and adjacent areas and cooperation with the parties 2. Since no major incidents have occurred during the period under review, the general situation in the Temporary Security Zone and adjacent areas can still be described as relatively stable from a military point of view. However, the stalemate in the peace process has obviously had an impact on the environment in which UNMEE operates, and the relative stability that currently exists cannot be taken for granted. Meanwhile, UNMEE has continued, through extensive patrolling and within the restrictions imposed by both parties, to maintain the integrity of the Temporary Security Zone and to try to monitor the redeployed positions of the parties armed forces. 3. Regrettably, there has been a deterioration in the relations between the Eritrean authorities and UNMEE in recent months. Despite demarches and appeals by my Special Representative, Legwaila Joseph Legwaila, and the Secretariat, a number of measures taken by the Government of Eritrea have made it difficult for UNMEE to conduct some aspects of its operations in an effective manner. The deterioration has manifested itself in a number of areas, including continuing restrictions on the Mission s freedom of movement, especially in the adjacent areas north of the Temporary Security Zone; the closure to UNMEE traffic by the Eritrean authorities of the main road from Asmara to Barentu, which constitutes the Mission s main supply route to its troops in Sector West; continuing detentions by the authorities of locally recruited United Nations staff; and a recent spate of public statements by some senior Eritrean officials attacking the peacekeeping operation and its staff (E) * *

2 4. Several steps have been taken in order to address this unfortunate state of affairs. In early May, my Special Representative sent a letter to President Isaias Afwerki, asking for his personal intervention in order to reverse this worrisome trend. The Security Council, for its part, issued a press statement, expressing concern about the deterioration in the cooperation of Eritrea with UNMEE and demanding that Eritrea immediately remove any and all restrictions and impediments to the work of the Mission. At the same time, the Council viewed with disappointment Ethiopia s continued rejection of significant parts of the Eritrea- Ethiopia Boundary Commission decision. I also wrote to President Isaias, expressing my concern about the present situation, as well as the hope that the Government of Eritrea would engage UNMEE in a constructive manner to resolve any differences that may exist. I also assured the President that UNMEE had investigated each and every allegation made against its staff, had taken appropriate action and had shared the outcome of its findings with the Government, where appropriate. I am therefore encouraged by the assurances offered by Foreign Minister Abdella to a recently visiting United Nations team that Eritrea stands ready to address and resolve any emerging problems and issues in an amicable way. 5. On the Ethiopian side, cooperation has remained at a workable level. The increase in training activities by the Ethiopian Armed Forces, observed in the last reporting period, continued, culminating in collective training exercises that included the firing of heavy-calibre weapons close to the southern boundary of the Temporary Security Zone. However, following discussions at the sector-level of the Military Coordination Commission, the Ethiopian Armed Forces agreed to move all live firing exercises at least five kilometres away from the Zone. By early May, the Ethiopian Armed Forces had considerably reduced the intensity of its training activities. 6. Allegations and reports of violations of the Temporary Security Zone have, unfortunately, increased during the latter part of the reporting period. In the last week of April, Eritrea reported three such violations, which allegedly had resulted in exchanges of fire between Eritrean militia and Ethiopians entering the Zone. In two separate instances, Eritrean militia operating in the Zone arrested one EAF soldier and one civilian of the Kunama ethnic group, whom they described as a bandit. UNMEE was granted access to both individuals in the course of investigations into these incidents. The majority of the allegations of violations of the Zone involved rustling of livestock, an activity that has been on the increase in recent months, in particular in Sector West. Meanwhile, incursions by Ethiopian herdsmen and their livestock into the Zone in Sector Centre, mentioned in previous reports, have continued at a steady level. 7. UNMEE continued to investigate reported or observed incidents of military personnel and civilians from both sides defecting across the southern boundary of the Temporary Security Zone, and was involved on several occasions in the repatriation of individuals, mainly children, who had crossed the boundary inadvertently. Unfortunately, one incident involved an illegal crossing by a former national staff member of UNMEE in disguise in an UNMEE helicopter. Most recently, on 11 June, another national staff member crossed the southern boundary of the Zone while on technical assignment in the Zone. UNMEE is as concerned as the parties about these incidents, which have been rigorously investigated as a result. In addition, UNMEE has continued to refine its internal control measures in an attempt to avoid reoccurrences of such incidents. 2

3 8. On 25 May, a large explosion occurred in Barentu, in Sector West, killing an unconfirmed number of people and injuring dozens of others. While this tragic incident did not appear to be related to UNMEE or its operations, it nevertheless highlighted the question of the safety and security of United Nations personnel working in the field, including in Eritrea. In this connection, the Secretariat is still awaiting a response to a letter sent on 29 March to the Eritrean Minister for Foreign Affairs with regard to security arrangements. At the same time, I welcome Eritrea s recent promise to establish a working-level mechanism through which UNMEE and the Eritrean authorities could address the Mission s security concerns. Freedom of movement 9. On 5 March 2004, the Eritrean authorities closed the Asmara-Keren-Barentu road to all UNMEE traffic in response to allegations by the Government of illegal activity by the Mission s Finnish Guard Company, which had been escorting UNMEE convoys on that route. As a consequence of this measure, all movement to Sector West now has to follow a more tortuous route, which, for a considerable distance is unpaved and will therefore be difficult to use during the upcoming rainy season. This restriction, which adds considerably to the journey time, imposes severe logistic constraints, limits the conduct of mandated activities and adds unnecessary costs to the Organization. The Eritrean authorities have indicated that the Asmara-Keren-Barentu road will not be reopened until the Mission s alleged illegal activities have been fully investigated. The investigation, which began on 5 March, has not yet been concluded. 10. As UNMEE continued to encounter restrictions of movement in the areas adjacent to the Temporary Security Zone within Eritrea, its ability to monitor the redeployed positions of the Eritrean Defence Forces remained constrained. Regrettably, the Government of Eritrea also continued to insist on receiving prior notification for non-mission partners, including embassies of the Witnesses and Group of Friends of UNMEE, troop-contributing countries, the United Nations country teams and non-governmental organizations, travelling on UNMEE carriers on both domestic and cross-border flights. In addition, there was no improvement with regard to the procedures imposed on UNMEE staff entering and exiting Ethiopia and Eritrea at the airports in Addis Ababa and Asmara. 11. I regret to report that there has still been no progress with regard to direct flights between Asmara and Addis Ababa. UNMEE thus continues to be the casualty of the parties failure to allow for the resolution of this issue, as the extended detours for UNMEE aircraft flying between the two capitals constitute a serious complication for my Special Representative and his staff working in the service of peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea. In addition, the indirect flights have resulted in additional costs, which now total US$ 3.59 million since the Mission s inception. Ethiopia had at some point implied that it might be prepared to allow for absolutely direct flights on which Eritrea insists. However, no action to this end has been taken, and the Ethiopian military authorities recently indicated that such a step would essentially be a political decision. I hope that the relevant authorities will take the necessary, and long overdue, steps to resolve this matter as a token of goodwill towards the United Nations and the wider international community which have invested heavily in this peace process. 3

4 Military Coordination Commission 12. The twenty-third and twenty-fourth meetings of the Military Coordination Commission were held in Nairobi on 15 March and 10 May 2004, respectively, under the chairmanship of UNMEE. These two meetings discussed the prevailing military situation in the Mission area, focusing primarily on security aspects impacting on UNMEE operations. The delegations also reviewed the proceedings of the fledgling sector Military Coordination Commission process, which has proved to be very useful in resolving localized problems in the border areas, including the issue of live firing exercises by the Ethiopian Armed Forces near the Temporary Security Zone, mentioned in paragraph 5 above. Both Sectors West and Centre held their first Military Coordination Commission meetings in early March, as planned, and their second meetings were held on 21 April and 6 May, respectively. Sector East s first sector-level meeting took place on 9 June, and new dates for sector-level military coordination commissions in all three sectors have been agreed. I welcome this most positive development. Meanwhile, the next Military Coordination Commission meeting is scheduled to take place in Nairobi on 5 July. Status of the Mission and related issues 13. As at 11 June 2004, the total strength of the UNMEE military component stood at 3,951, comprising 3,626 troops, 107 headquarters staff officers and 218 military observers (see annex II). As part of an ongoing efficiency review and UNMEE efforts to streamline its operations, the Slovak demining contingent will not be replaced by a military capability as it ends its tour of duty in June Instead, a more modest commercial asset will be employed at significant overall savings in terms of personnel and cost to minimize the impact on the Mission s overall demining capacity. 14. At the request of Eritrea, the relocation of the new UNMEE camp in Sector West was completed in early March and is now operational, with the exception of the transport workshop, which is expected to be completed by the end of June. So is the camp of the Bangladeshi Demining Company, which was recently transferred to Shilalo in Sector West. 15. The functioning of UNMEE continues to be affected by the detentions by the Eritrean authorities of locally recruited United Nations staff on the grounds that they have obligations of national service. Since the beginning of 2004, approximately 100 local employees have been rounded up by the Eritrean authorities and, as of 25 May, three local staff remained in detention, in addition to two arrested in Numerous others have been ordered by the local security authorities not to go back to work at UNMEE, and one local staff member, who had been released, was reportedly re-arrested. Since several United Nations agencies, in addition to UNMEE, have been affected by Eritrea s policy vis-à-vis the recruitment and employment of local staff, the Acting Legal Counsel of the United Nations sent a letter on behalf of the United Nations system to the Permanent Representative of Eritrea on 3 June regarding this issue. The letter sought to clarify the status of locally recruited staff, pointing out that they are exempt from military service obligations while working with the United Nations. I appeal to the Government of Eritrea to reconsider its position on this important matter, and to sign the status-offorces agreement with the United Nations without further delay. 4

5 III. Boundary Commission 16. The core of the stalemate in the peace process remains the lack of progress in the demarcation of the border. As a result, the Boundary Commission has reduced the activities of its field offices to the minimum compatible with the ability to resume the work on the ground, if and when the parties allow it to do so. A report of the Commission, prepared by its President, is contained in annex I to the present report. 17. Voluntary contributions and pledges to the Trust Fund for the delimitation and demarcation of the border currently total some 10.9 million United States dollars. No new contributions or pledges have been made since September Due to the delay in demarcation, it is now projected that an additional $6.5 million would be required to complete the demarcation of the whole border, when the process resumes. IV. Mine action 18. The threat of landmines and unexploded ordnance continues negatively to affect the people living and working in the Temporary Security Zone and its adjacent areas. From March 2004 to end May 2004, there were six incidents involving landmines and unexploded ordnance, two in Sector West, two in Sector Centre and two in Sector East, killing one person and injuring seven others. Preliminary UNMEE investigations indicated that one of the incidents in Sector West was the result of a newly laid mine the first such incident since July As a result, UNMEE issued a revised mine and unexploded ordnance threat assessment recommending additional specified precautions to be taken while travelling in Sector West. Meanwhile, UNMEE demining assets continued their work throughout the Mission area, destroying 166 mines and 2,288 items of unexploded ordnance, and clearing more than 160,543 square metres of land and 614 kilometres of road. 19. In March, the UNMEE Mine Action Coordination Centre won a United Nations award in recognition of outstanding team productivity, initiatives and contributions in 2003 to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the United Nations. V. Humanitarian developments 20. In both Ethiopia and Eritrea, the humanitarian situation continued to pose substantial challenges. As a result, my Special Envoy for the Humanitarian Crisis in the Horn of Africa, Martti Ahtisaari, once again visited Ethiopia and Eritrea in April During his visit, he held meetings with the two Governments, donors and the United Nations country teams, as well as my Special Representative. 21. In Ethiopia, humanitarian agencies stressed that, in order to avert a crisis, provision of non-food assistance would need to be given the same importance as food aid, particularly as regards the water, sanitation and agriculture sectors. Implementing partners have expressed concern that so far only 20 per cent of nonfood aid requirements have been met by confirmed contributions, as compared to 5

6 57 per cent of food aid. On a positive note, there was growing confidence among donors, United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organizations with regard to the capacity of the Ethiopian Government s Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission. Consequently, food assistance for the 7 million beneficiaries identified in the December 2003 appeal will be coordinated by the Commission and delivered using existing mechanisms. 22. The Consolidated Appeals Process 2004 mid-year review reported with concern that so far only 25.7 per cent of the requested assistance for Eritrea had been received. Drought conditions persisted and Eritrea s capacity to cope has declined, with more than half the total population threatened by direct hunger and extreme poverty. The need for food aid as well as measures to improve food security remained acute. Malnutrition is above the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold of 15 per cent global acute malnutrition in some regions. Children continued to suffer high levels of chronic malnutrition while maternal malnutrition rates reached 40 per cent in some places, with serious implications for maternal mortality. 23. A severe lack of seeds for planting long-cycle staples means loss of production opportunities for the season. Rural populations in many areas remained highly vulnerable to food insecurity and dependent on food aid. UNMEE also remains concerned about the humanitarian situation of settlements in the extremely harsh environment of the Southern Red Sea Zone in Sector East, particularly the situation of children, who live in very poor conditions and suffer from a wide range of preventable diseases. The most urgent needs of the settlements are access to clean water, health care and educational facilities, as well as food assistance. The continued inability of this population to resume cross-border economic activities has left some exposed to serious humanitarian problems. Given the substantial needs in both countries, I urge the international community to generously fund humanitarian and development assistance. Quick-impact projects 24. UNMEE continued to implement quick-impact projects in the Temporary Security Zone and the adjacent areas of Ethiopia and Eritrea. A total of 89 projects have now been completed, with another 49 in various stages of implementation. While a number of proposed additional projects have been reviewed, funds available in the Trust Fund to Support the Peace Process in Ethiopia and Eritrea have almost been depleted. I therefore urge donors to continue to support this important programme through additional contributions to the Trust Fund. HIV/AIDS activities 25. UNMEE continued to build capacity in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention among its peacekeepers, the United Nations country teams and in the host nations through training-of-trainers in HIV/AIDS peer leadership, followed by cascade training, in line with developed action plans. In addition, UNMEE provided information for World Bank staff and held induction training for newly arrived peacekeepers. 6

7 VI. Human rights 26. UNMEE continued monitoring the human rights situation within the Temporary Security Zone and investigated all reports, including those of crossborder incidents, particularly where individuals were reported missing. There was concern at the lack of cooperation from some local interlocutors, for example in Sector East, which has impeded the full implementation of the UNMEE human rights mandate. 27. On 19 March, following written and oral requests, UNMEE was allowed to conduct an important first visit to the Wa ala Nihibi camp for Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers, located near Shiraro, Ethiopia. Relocation of the refugee camp to a new site, 50 kilometres from the boundary of the Temporary Security Zone, commenced on 15 May. The move will improve the security and humanitarian situation of the residents. 28. On 19 March 2004, 81 persons of Eritrean origin were repatriated from Ethiopia, and on 5 June, 176 persons of Ethiopian origin were repatriated from Eritrea, while three children were repatriated from Ethiopia to Eritrea. These operations took place under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross, with the assistance of UNMEE. Information gathered by UNMEE during interviews conducted following the repatriation operations indicated that the conditions for nationals living in the other country have worsened. Ethiopians in Eritrea reported an increase in the incidence of intimidation and harassment in recent months and, similarly, most persons of Eritrean origin reported discrimination in access to employment and difficult economic conditions in Ethiopia. At the same time, Eritreans living in Ethiopia appear to be taking advantage of directives issued by the Government of Ethiopia in January 2004 regarding regularization of their status in Ethiopia. 29. In addition to human rights training for its peacekeepers, UNMEE continued to organize human rights awareness workshops for law enforcement officials, judicial bodies and civil society organizations in Ethiopia. A large number of requests were made for more substantial human rights training, which the Mission would be able to meet if adequate funding was made available. VII. Public information 30. UNMEE public information activities have continued against the backdrop of a media environment that has become increasingly difficult, especially in Eritrea. Since my last report, there have been frequent public attacks on the international community and, in more recent weeks, on UNMEE, accusing both of failing to put pressure on Ethiopia to implement the Boundary Commission s decision. Despite limitations to its ability to reach out to the ordinary citizen with messages countering such attacks, the overall status of the peace process and the Mission s activities, UNMEE has used its weekly press briefings, press releases, radio and outreach activities to inform the people of the two countries about the conduct of this United Nations operation and to refute unfounded allegations. 7

8 VIII. Financial aspects 31. The General Assembly, by its resolution 57/328 of 18 June 2003, appropriated the amount of $188.4 million (gross), equivalent to $15.7 million per month, for the maintenance of UNMEE for the financial period from 1 July 2003 to 30 June The assessment of these amounts is subject to the decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Mission. As at 30 April 2004, unpaid assessed contributions to the special account for UNMEE amounted to $59.4 million. The total outstanding assessed contributions for all peacekeeping operations as at that date amounted to $1.2 billion. IX. Observations 32. Despite the difficulties in the implementation of the Boundary Commission s decision and the absence of much-needed dialogue between Ethiopia and Eritrea, the parties continue to abide by their commitments under the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities, respecting the integrity of the Temporary Security Zone. However, as mentioned in my last report, a protracted stalemate in the peace process is in itself a source of instability; I am concerned that a relatively minor incident, even one of miscalculation, could degenerate into a very serious situation, which no one would wish for and which would be tragic for all concerned. In recent months, there has been an escalation of public rhetoric on both sides, and some reports indicate that both Governments continue to upgrade and strengthen their armed forces. With this in mind, I appeal to the parties to continue working with UNMEE to prevent incidents in the border area and to resolve any differences or put to rest any suspicions through peaceful means. Needless to say, my Special Representative and the Mission stand ready to assist the parties in this regard at any time. As UNMEE continues to serve as an important stability element, its unrestricted freedom of movement and access in the Temporary Security Zone and adjacent areas as well as full cooperation of the two states remain key for the effectiveness of the United Nations operation on the ground. 33. In this context, the recent deterioration in the relationship between UNMEE and the Eritrean authorities is regrettable. Indeed, any restrictions and impediments to the Mission s work are unacceptable, given the fact that UNMEE is a consentbased peacekeeping mission, established at the invitation of the parties. In particular, I am concerned about the public statements attacking the peacekeeping operation and its staff. The tone and extent of the allegations made recently in Asmara are not only detrimental to UNMEE working relations with the authorities but could impact on the Mission s effectiveness and even endanger the security of its personnel. This attitude towards UNMEE fails to acknowledge the undisputable positive achievements of the Mission since its establishment almost four years ago. The recent indication by the Eritrean authorities that they would engage UNMEE in a constructive manner to resolve any differences that may exist is welcome. The United Nations is fully prepared for and would appreciate such constructive engagement, since the recent deterioration in relations has diverted attention from the goal of expeditious demarcation of the border. 34. At the same time, it is a source of deep concern that Ethiopia continues to express its opposition to the demarcation process in conformity with the final and binding decision of the Boundary Commission. In an aide-memoire dated 7 April 8

9 sent to several stakeholders, including the United Nations, the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs reiterated its position that the current demarcation line would disrupt the lives of border communities and lead to future conflict, describing the demarcation process as flawed. It is worth reminding the parties, and in particular Ethiopia, that the two Governments themselves entrusted the Boundary Commission with the entire demarcation process, drew up its mandate and selected its Commissioners. It would therefore be essential that Ethiopia unequivocally restate its acceptance of the Boundary Commission s decision, appoint field liaison officers and pay its dues to and otherwise cooperate fully and expeditiously with the Commission, as called for by the Security Council in its resolution 1531 (2004) of 12 March The peace process between Ethiopia and Eritrea is unlikely to succeed if the parties remain unwilling to move forward and be accommodating. Four years have passed since the end of hostilities, and it would now be time for the parties to demonstrate extra flexibility. It is hoped that the two Governments will realize, and perhaps explain to their peoples, that sober choices will have to be made in order to end the current stalemate. Failure to do so could indeed bring into jeopardy the overall peace endeavours. On the other hand, an early conclusion of the peace process would inevitably allow both countries to reap the fruits of peace and concentrate on much-needed reconstruction and development. 36. As for my offer of good offices, it is not my intention to establish an alternative mechanism to the Boundary Commission or to renegotiate its final and binding decision. Nevertheless, President Isaias he has requested that the issues my Special Envoy, Mr. Lloyd Axworthy, would want to raise be clarified with his own Special Envoy. Further consultations are ongoing on the matter. I call on the parties to avail themselves of my good offices, and engage constructively with my Special Envoy. 37. As has been pointed out on numerous occasions, ultimately it is only the parties themselves that can bring peace to their countries. However, the international community has played, and continues to play, an important role in this peace process, in which it has made considerable investments, political as well as financial. While I have no doubt that our international partners will continue to lend full support to our common objective, I encourage all concerned to continue to engage the parties and to carefully consider what else can be done to assist them in bringing this process to a successful conclusion. 38. I am fully aware that in the current circumstances questions are increasingly being raised about the long-term effectiveness of UNMEE and its future configuration on the ground. In accordance with paragraph 10 of Security Council resolution 1531 (2004), I have initiated a review of the Mission s effectiveness, with a view to adjusting and streamlining its operations as needed, keeping in mind the existing mandate of UNMEE and the need to uphold the integrity of the ceasefire arrangements. Needless to say, no adjustments should be made without careful consideration of the possible implications for the peace process and the results achieved thus far. 39. In conclusion, I wish to express my gratitude for the tireless efforts of my Special Representative and UNMEE as a whole, as well as the support of all partners on the ground, including the United Nations country teams and other humanitarian agencies. I also wish to acknowledge the hard work of my Special 9

10 Envoy and the important support of all the partners of the United Nations, including individual Member States, the African Union and other international organizations, as well as the troop-contributing countries. 10

11 Annex I Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission Thirteenth Report on the work of the Commission 1. This is the thirteenth report of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, covering the period 26 February to 4 June As indicated in its twelfth report, the Commission has, regrettably and for reasons beyond its control, been unable to make progress with its demarcation activities. The Commission is unaware of any developments during the period currently under review that would cause it to revise its conclusion that, until the positions of either or both of the parties are modified, there is nothing more that the Commission can do. 3. As noted in its twelfth report, the Commission, in keeping with its undertaking to continue its work if the parties cooperate fully in the manner foreseen in the Algiers Agreement, is maintaining its presence in the area, but it has reduced its activity to the minimum compatible with its being able to resume it, if and when the parties make it possible for the Commission to do so. The Commission is still maintaining its field offices in both capitals, but with reduced staff. However, the Commission, having regard to the financial implications of delays in the demarcation process, cannot maintain a presence in the area indefinitely. The Commission expresses the hope that the parties will cooperate fully and promptly with the Commission, as set out in paragraph 4 of Security Council resolution 1531 (2004), and thus enable it to resume its mission. 4. The Special Consultant provided progress reports to the parties through the Secretary on 15 April, 10 May and 1 June 2004, each stating that as the Parties have not made it possible for the Commission to resume its activity, no progress was made in [March] [April] [May] and there is nothing to report. 5. Under article 4 (17) of the Algiers Agreement, the parties are required to bear the expenses of the Commission in equal shares, and accordingly deposits have been required from the parties at regular intervals. Eritrea has paid its latest deposit, while Ethiopia, despite repeated reminders, including in paragraph 4 of Security Council resolution 1531 (2004), still has not. The Commission therefore remains unable to make payment on certain accrued expenses and has no funds in hand to finance any renewed activity. (Signed) Sir Elihu Lauterpacht President of the Commission 4 June

12 Annex II United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea: contributions as of 11 June 2004 Country Military observers Troops Staff Total National support elements Algeria 8 8 Australia 2 2 Austria Bangladesh Benin 2 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 9 Bulgaria China 6 6 Croatia 7 7 Czech Republic 2 2 Denmark 4 4 Finland France 1 1 Gambia Germany 2 2 Ghana Greece 2 2 India Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3 3 Italy Jordan Kenya Malaysia Namibia Nepal 5 5 Nigeria Norway 5 5 Paraguay 3 3 Peru 3 3 Poland 6 6 Romania 8 8 Russian Federation 6 6 Slovakia South Africa Spain Sweden

13 Country Military observers Troops Staff Total National support elements Switzerland 4 4 Tunisia Ukraine 7 7 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America 7 7 Uruguay Zambia Total