PRUEBAS DE CERTIFICACIÓN

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1 SEPTIEMBRE B2 COMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURA Apellidos: Nombre:.. PRUEBAS DE CERTIFICACIÓN Marca con una X lo que corresponda: Alumno/a OFICIAL (Indica el nombre de tu profesor/a tutor/a durante el curso 2015-:...) Alumno/a LIBRE Grupo:... INSTRUCCIONES PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE ESTE EJERCICIO: o o Duración: 75 minutos Este ejercicio consta de dos tareas. Deberás realizar las dos. o En la tarea 1 deberás leer un texto y completar cada casilla con la respuesta correcta. Obtienes: 1 punto por cada respuesta correcta; 0 puntos por cada respuesta incorrecta o no dada. o En la tarea 2 deberás leer un texto y completar cada enunciado con una de las opciones dadas (A, B o C). Obtienes: 2 puntos por cada respuesta correcta; 0 puntos por cada respuesta incorrecta o no dada. Muy importante: al final, comprueba que has elegido una sola opción (como en el ejemplo); si eliges dos opciones, se anula la respuesta a esa pregunta. o No escribas en los cuadros destinados a la calificación de las tareas. o Sólo se admiten respuestas escritas con bolígrafo azul o negro. NO ESCRIBAS AQUÍ PUNTUACIÓN DEL EJERCICIO: / 30 CALIFICACIÓN: Superado No Superado NIVEL AVANZADO INGLÉS

2 TAREA 1-14 puntos: Read the text on page 3. For gaps 1-14, choose the correct option from the list below. Note that capital letters and punctuation marks have been removed. There are 2 extra options you do not need to use. The first one (0) is an example. Use the box provided below. A. are not more intensive users of welfare than nationals B. a residency test before they could claim some benefits C. as opposed to work or family-related D. could be considered a significant driver E. cut rights to unemployment and housing benefits F. does not include an automatic right to benefits G. from countries with lower wages H. how workers move from the poorer south and east of Europe I. is a loophole in immigration rules J. less likely than British citizens to get benefits or social housing K. makes the UK ultimately more attractive L. stopping welfare abuse M. there is very little N. the right to seek work O. to find work or for family reasons P. to push ahead with plans to restrict Q. was a lack of reliable data on how and why GAP ANSWER P PUNTOS: / 14 Página2

3 Benefit Tourism in the UK PRUEBAS DE CERTIFICACIÓN Source: The government has promised (0) access to benefits for EU immigrants, despite a European commissioner warning the UK risked being seen as a "nasty country". Downing Street says it will introduce powers to deport homeless migrants and (1) "as quickly as possible". The EU s Employment Commissioner has warned against "hysteria". But what s the evidence for benefit tourism? The answer is that (2) - and it is an extremely complex picture. That does not mean that benefit tourism doesn t exist - but what s clear is that the evidence points strongly in the direction that people migrate (3). They are less likely to up sticks to cross borders - or even continents - just for a weekly giro. Back in October, the European Commission published an enormous report on the effects of mobile European citizens on each member state s welfare and social security systems. Everyone inside the EU - including the British- has (4) in another member state. But that right to move and take work elsewhere (5) - because each nation has a different system and different benefits criteria. So the people who tend to emigrate within the EU are people of working age - and they tend to move (6) to those with higher. Smaller numbers move for family reasons or to retire abroad, such as the large number of Brits who go to enjoy the Spanish sunshine. Magnet effect On average EU migrants are more likely to be in employment than nationals living in the same country, said the report. This study found little evidence to suggest that the main motivation of EU citizens to migrate and reside in a different member state is benefit-related, (7). This is underpinned by data which show that, in most countries, immigrants (8). Where they are more intensive users, they tend to use intensely only specific types of benefits linked to their socio-economic circumstances as migrants. Where some studies found evidence supporting the "welfare magnet effect" hypothesis, the overall estimated effects are typically small or not statistically significant. The report went on to look at the UK - although it said that part of the problem (9) EU migrants were claiming benefits in the country. Crucially, it said that there was no record on the working record of EU citizens before they made any benefit claim in the UK. But taking the available data, the report s authors concluded that considering all unemployment benefits... the UK is the only EU member state where there were fewer beneficiaries among EU migrants (1%) than among nationals (4%). Standard of living The report said EU migrant workers in the UK had to meet (10) - and that restricted their access to payments. Now, the data on how that policy operates appears to be patchy, but one study by the Department of Work and Pensions says that less than one in ten applications from EU nationals from Eastern and Central Europe (the so-called A8 nationals) was successful. University College London s Centre for Research and Migration has also looked at this issue and it found that A8 nationals were about 60% (11). Campaign group Migration watch UK has published its own study of benefits across the Union and it says the British system is far more generous - and far easier to access. It argues that this, in turn, (12) to migrants from poorer parts of the continent because they are seeking a better standard of living. The EU report doesn t dispute that finding. In fact, it includes lots of data showing (13) to the richer north and west. But on the specific point of benefit tourism, it concludes: No evidence shows that access to the specific special non-contributory benefit income-based Jobseekers Allowance (14) for EU migrants in the UK. Página3

4 TAREA 2-16 puntos: Read the text on pages 5 and 6. Choose the correct option (A, B, or C) to complete each sentence. The first one (0) is an example. Subliminal Messages in Advertising 0. The concept of advertising A. has boosted people s resistance to advertisements. B. has great psychological powers. C. is pitched below the threshold of awareness. 1. Subliminal messages are A. more easily detected by psychotic people. B. unable to cross the threshold of consciousness. C. wrongly seen as casual. 2. Subliminal TV marketing techniques A. could be eluded by viewers of the 1950s. B. first appeared in the early 1950s. C. repeated images 25 times per second. 3. Subliminals, whatever their form, are A. generally broadcast against the law. B. identified by the subconscious. C. proved to be unsuccessful. 4. In Australia, subliminal advertising A. has been a great cause for concern. B. has never been an offence. C. was made illegal in the late 1950s. 5. The Australian Internet Service Provider iinet A. broke subliminal messaging rules on free-to-air TV. B. deliberately exhorted viewers to visit a link. C. played an illegal joke on Internet users. 6. The Herald s news article A. cast doubt on the ad s legality. B. clarified the legality of subliminal advertising. C. was the object of wide criticism. 7. In 2008 Fox News A. analysed dubious areas of subliminal advertising. B. flashed up a picture of a politician during the election campaign. C. popped up a politically incorrect scene on TV. 8. Frame-by-frame playback function A. allows subliminal broadcasting at normal speed. B. encrypts sandwiched logos on YouTube videos. C. identifies the sequence where subliminal images are included. ANSWER 0 A PUNTOS: / 16 Página4

5 Apellidos: Nombre: Subliminal Messages in Advertising Source: Advertising has always had a slightly shady reputation. As it often attempts to bypass our conscious minds and influence the subconscious, it is no wonder that many people have learned to erect psychological defences against the stream of ads they see on a daily basis. One method for bypassing the gatekeeper of conscious mind is to convey information subliminally. It can be hidden inside an image so as to be recognisable only after careful examination. Most common is the use of sexual imagery, the word sex hidden inside an image, or written on the product itself. Unfortunately, the sharp-eyed people who spot these messages are often unfairly regarded as paranoid or prurient oddballs. Such imagery often tends to be dismissed as incidental, but this trusting attitude is undermined by the fact that, particularly with the advent of digital technology, visual adverts are rigorously designed and very little that appears in them occurs by chance. In the 1950s, with the arrival of TV and the development of new psychological marketing techniques, single-frame messages started to be flashed onto the screen. A frame lasts for 1/25 of a second, and its content will completely bypass conscious perception. To be acknowledged by the audience, a message would need to remain visible for a duration of several frames. This sneaky practice was first brought to the public s attention in Vance Packard s pioneering book The Hidden Persuaders (1957.) It became the subject of widespread concern due to the fact that the viewer has no knowledge of what they see, and in the words of Dr. Caroline West of the University of Sydney, it is a form of mind control that.aims to influence us in ways that we are unaware of, and consequently that we could not choose to resist even if we wanted to. While this technique is commonly dismissed as ineffective, not everybody is so sceptical. Subliminal words and logos can be digitally manipulated, distorted, shown upside-down or sideways, or hidden under visual background noise, but the subconscious has an uncanny ability to pick them out. Some scientific experiments indicate that subliminals do have an effect, especially for negative messages, and a few TV stations continue to occasionally broadcast single-frame material, sometimes illegally. Broadcasting messages below the threshold of normal perception is currently banned in New Zealand, the UK, the US, Canada, and a large number of other countries. In Australia, there is a widespread and partly incorrect perception that this advertising technique is also prohibited. While it was banned here in 1958, it quietly resurrected itself somewhere along the track, like a revived zombie, and is now permitted within adverts. Australia s advertising industry also runs on a self-regulation basis, and follows the Australian Association of National Advertisers (AANA) Code of Ethics. This contains no mention of subliminal frames, leaving no restriction on advertisers placing these within free-to-air TV adverts. Please turn over Página5

6 In 2011, the Australian ISP iinet put out a playful ad containing a two-frame subliminal message, offering a free gift pack to the first hundred visitors to a webpage. In a slightly bizarre further development, the company s ad was later pulled by Free TV Australia, apparently as a response to viewer complaints, despite not violating the Code. Due to conflicting and confusing answers, a journalist from the Sydney Morning Herald investigated whether the iinet ad had broken the rules. The Herald s news item iinet's Easter egg may breach subliminal ad rules was the subject of a complaint to the Australian Press Council by a member of the public, resulting in a clarification placed above the story making it clear that, contrary to gist of the original report, subliminal messages are in fact permitted during commercials. While much of this area is relatively easy to delineate, there are grey areas and question marks. Obviously, a set of words constitutes a message, but what about an image of a politician? In the US, in 2008 Fox News was caught broadcasting a fleeting image of the Republican Presidential candidate John McCain during the animated introduction to a news bulletin. Anyone interested in investigating subliminal broadcasting will need a DVD recorder (as opposed to a simple DVD player) with a frame-by-frame playback function. Re-visiting recorded adverts at regular speed, a brief flickering effect is the usual sign that subliminal frames are present. Sometimes very short microads featuring corporate logos can be found sandwiched between others of normal length. YouTube is proving to be a useful whistleblower site for exposing this practice where it is detected. Página6