2014/2015 IRAQ HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW. OCHA/Iason Athanasiadis

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1 /5 IRAQ HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW S U M M A R Y OCHA/Iason Athanasiadis

2 5. MILLION people in need of humanitarian assistance ESTIMATE HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM.8M.5M.M M Internally Displaced Persons million people 5, 5, Affected host communities Affected non-host communities in areas under the control of armed groups Syrian Refugees IOM DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MECHANISM ESTIMATE HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM ESTIMATE HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM UNHCR, COVERED UNDER THE SYRIA REGIONAL RESPONSE PLAN Source: UNCS, Government. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps in this document do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

3 OCHA/Iason Athanasiadis Priority Needs Since the outbreak of fighting between government forces and armed groups in December in governorate, internal armed conflict has swept quickly across large parts of Iraq. The humanitarian consequences have been catastrophic, impacting all eighteen governorates. At least 5. million people are now estimated to be in need of protection and emergency humanitarian assistance. PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS Protection of the civilian population has become the overarching concern in Iraq. The number of civilian victims of armed violence has sharply increased in all governorates directly affected by fighting. Some. million people live in areas under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), of which. are in need of humanitarian assistance. Violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict have been widespread. MASSIVE NEEDS AS A RESULT OF DISPLACEMENT, INCLUDING SHELTER An estimated.8 million people have been newly displaced since January, approximately 8, of whom are in urgent need of emergency shelter assistance and 9, require basic household items. FOOD ASSISTANCE At least.8 million people are now food insecure. In addition to food insecurity among those displaced, the conflict has disrupted the public distribution system of subsidized foods upon which more than million individuals who are not displaced depend. Among these, approximately.5 million individuals in the lowest percent income group are estimated to have already become highly food insecure and are now in need of emergency food assistance. ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES Over 5 million people lack sufficient access to critical social services as a direct result of the conflict including 5. million people in need of healthcare assistance; 5 million who require emergency water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assistance, and at least 95, displaced school-aged children who need emergency interventions to ensure access to education.

4 Breakdown of Affected People BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED BY GOVERNORATE AND CATEGORY GOVERNATE POPULATION (EST. JAN ) IDPS AFFECTED HOST COMMUNITIES* AFFECTED PEOPLE IN AREAS UNDER THE CONTROL OF ARMED GROUPS (NON-HOST)** SYRIAN REFUGEES *** PEOPLE IN NEED % OF PEOPLE IN NEED,5,,8 8,5 5,,59 9,.% Babylon,95,8,85 9,88,55,9.%,5,9,85,5,8,.5%,,58,,.5%,,9 88,9,9 9, 899,8 9.88% Diyala,58,9, 5,9 5,5 5,98.8%,9,95 85,8 5,85 88,99 5,58.%,5,5 59,9, 85,99.%,58,85,,5,98,5 5.% Missan,5,58 5,,9 8,59.8%,,,.%,89,59 9,9 9,9 5.%,5,8,8 9,5,,,,8,9.%,,,88, 5,8.% Salah al- Din,59,5 9,9 5,5, 8,5.8%,9, 95,,8,855,.5%,99,5,8,,55.59%,,,5 5,8 5,.9% TOTAL,,55,8,,9,8,8,8 5, 5,9,.% * People living in two km radius of IDP concentration areas where the ratio of IDPs to host communities is more than % ** People (minus IDPs and host communities) living under national poverty line with 5% increase *** 98 Syrian refugees whose location is not known but has been added to the total Syrian refugees

5 Impact of the Crisis IRAQ S PROTECTION CRISIS Iraq is facing a massive protection crisis, characterized by profound levels of violence, targeted attacks on civilians, restricted access to basic services by marginalized groups, appalling levels of gender-based violence and grave violations against children, including recruitment and unlawful detentions. ISIL is the most prominent threat actor in the Iraq conflict, but they are by no means the only party to the conflict committing violations. At least,5 civilians were killed and another,9 were injured in Iraq during the first eight months of this year as a result of sectarian violence. Systematic and widespread violations of human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL) have forced entire communities to flee their homes, minority groups in particular. Many families have now been displaced four or five times, and have been forced to shelter in unfinished buildings, public facilities, and out in the open with little or no security. While many have managed to reach neighboring governorates, not all find safe haven. At least, of the total. million Iraqis living in areas under the control of ISIL and affiliated armed groups are IDPs. Efforts to improve and advocate for the protection of civilians in this conflict must form the basis of all humanitarian and early recovery interventions in Iraq, across all clusters/sectors. Displacement: An estimated.8 million people have been displaced since January, per cent of whom remain displaced in areas under ISIL control. The first major wave of displacement was in eastern in the final days of December and in January, as a result of major military operations in urban areas. This affected at least 5 per cent of the population in Fallujah who were largely displaced to other towns within, but also to northern and central Iraq. The second major wave of displacement occurred after June, when ISIL and affiliated armed groups assaulted Iraq s second largest city, Mosul. Over the course of several days, more than 5, people fled the city - or nearly a quarter of the city s population - with the vast majority travelling to the Plains and Kurdistan Region of Iraq to seek refuge. These displaced people included large minority communities. The most recent large-scale IDP movement began on August when ISIL occupied the city of Sinjar, in Governorate. At least, people, mostly Yazidi families fled to Mount Sinjar before reaching Syria and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. These families arrived in host communities with fewer coping capacities than other IDP groups, and their influx created a substantial shortage of adequate shelter. Across Iraq, approximately 8, IDPs are in urgent need of emergency shelter assistance, and at least 9, lack basic non-food items (NFIs). Few displaced people are prepared for the approaching winter months in the northern governorates. They lack access to heating systems, carpets, blankets and winter sets. Only two per cent of surveyed tents met minimum winterization requirements. Food security, agricultural production and livelihoods are severely threatened by the escalating conflict in Iraq. Approximately.8 million Iraqis are now food insecure. This includes. million IDPs both inside and outside formal camp settings, in addition to 5, people who remain in areas affected by the conflict and around, people within host communities. Ongoing conflict has disrupted the government s Public Distribution System (PDS) of food rations in parts of the country, upon which millions of Iraqis depend. Also affected was the June cereal harvest and post-harvest activities in key production areas such as and Salah al-din governorates, which contribute nearly a third of Iraq s wheat. Large parts of the wheat production belt lie directly under the control of ISIL and affiliated armed groups. Annual wheat production in was approximately 55, tons last year of which only 9, tons has been sold, leaving many farmers with a wheat surplus in their fields and plunging incomes. In, Salah al-din,, Diyala, and Babil, the food security of more than million individuals, who are not displaced, but who rely on the PDS for more than 5 per cent of their energy intake, have had their household food security compromised. 5

6 Essential public services, including health, water and sanitation and education have sharply deteriorated in conflict affected areas, and are overstretched by a rapid influx of internally displaced people. Health: Facilities have been damaged by bombing and shelling in,, Diyala, Salah al-din and Governorates, with reports of some 5 per cent of health professionals in these areas now displaced. In over half the health facilities were reported to be non-functioning as of September. The conflict has also severely disrupted the national system for procurement and distribution of medical supplies, preventing essential items from reaching clinics and hospitals. Approximately 5. million people are in need of emergency health interventions as a result. Education: The influx of refugees is putting pressure on already limited education infrastructure impacting at least 95, school children across the country. In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, the continued use of some school buildings for housing the displaced has delayed the start of the /5 school year in Dohuk and other locations. Host community schools have been overloaded with an influx of displaced children, many if not all of whom have been traumatized and require special psycho social assistance. WASH: High volume displacement is placing unsustainable stress on municipal water supply systems. The conflict has also damaged water systems and in some cases entire districts have had their water supply networks cut-off by armed groups. An estimated 5 million people now require emergency water and sanitation interventions. Livelihoods have been severely impacted by insecurity and conflict. Displaced people, having left behind jobs and businesses, face considerable difficulties finding new employment in areas where they move to. IDPs and refugees rely on depleted savings, help from host communities, daily wage labor, begging and humanitarian assistance to survive. Iraqis remaining in areas of conflict are also severely impacted. Around per cent of Iraq s public sector personnel work in the most conflict-affected governorates of the country, including,, Salah al-din, Diyala and all areas where payment of public sector salaries have been severely disrupted. Public funds financing construction projects and other public-private enterprises have not been available, resulting in stalled projects and terminated employment contracts throughout the country. The impact of the conflict on trade is most significant in areas close to the border or conflict. Traders, seasonal laborers, farmers have lost subsidized agricultural inputs and now face loss of markets for their products.

7 Most Vulnerable Groups People displaced by conflict: All 8 governorates are now hosting families fleeing violence. Of the.8 million newly displaced, 8, people, or nearly half, have found refuge in the Kurdistan Region, mainly in Dohuk Governorate. Around, IDPs have fled) to the central and western region of the country, including ment - Humanitarian Snapshot (as of October, in Governorate, and well over, have sought refuge in the south. At least per cent of all displaced Iraqis remain in areas under the control of ISIL and affiliated armed groups. The absence of a countrypeople IN NEED W TURKEY access the le in need of wide IDP registration process and loss of official documents by IDP families continues to impact people in by need across Iraq. displaced to essential services and government interventions. as of Sep 5. M ERBIL Iraq: Displacement by Origin ( Jan. to Sep. DISPLACEMENT BY ORIGIN () Jan. to Sep. ) Iraq: Displacement by Destination ( Jan. to Sep. ) DISPLACEMENT BY DESTINATION ( Jan. to Sep. ) Mosul communities who are not impacted by.8 million SYRIA TURKEY JORDAN JORD AN 5, IRAN Ba`aqubah Ramadi Ba`aqubah IDPs Other people in need BAGHDAD KERBALA WASSIT Hilla WASSIT BABYLON Kut KERBALA,5 Hilla BABYLON Diwaniya Kut Diwaniya QADISSIYA Samawah THI-QAR Nassriyah NAJAF 95, IDPs 5, SAUDI ARABIA Ba`aqubah,85 BAGHDAD WASSIT,5,85 Kut Hilla BABYLON Diwaniya KERBALA 59,9,88 Babylon Nassriyah THI-QAR 5, IDPs 5,, KUWAIT KUWAIT 9,9 QADISSIYA NAJAF 5,,8, Amarah Samawah THI-QAR Nassriyah MUTHANNA SAUDI Missan ARABIA, IDPs Affected host population Syrian refugees Affected non-host communities in KUWAIT areas under armed groups control Source: IDP figures: Iraq Humanitarian Country Team Source: IDP figures: Iraq Humanitarian Country Team The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ALA dad SSIT IRAN, Amarah MUTHANNA SAUDI ARABIA, AYMANIYAH MUTHANNA SULAYMANIYAH 9,9 Ramadi,8 Amarah Samawah NAJAF QADISSIYA ANBAR 95,, Diyala KIRKUK SALAH AL-DIN Samarra DIYALA 9, SYRIA BAGHDAD 9,,5 ANBAR 85,8,8 NINEWA 9,8 ANBAR DAHUK Salah al-din 88,9 Mosul DIYALA Samarra Ramadi TURKEY Samarra DIYALA,8 million ERBIL SULAYMANIYAH 8,9 KIRKUK SALAH AL-DIN.8 Internally displaced (planning figure) IRAN Mosul SALAH AL-DIN ERBIL NINEWA SYRIA SULAYMANIYAH KIRKUK NINEWA 88, nue to suffer war, mass n, and a sector. This e low quality d sanitation ecades of structure. DAHUK Internally displaced (planning figure) JORDAN ince The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Waves of displacement from January to August : TIMELINE OF EVENTS IYA HI-QAR NNA January Approximately 85, people are internally displaced due to fighting in Governorate. March Intense fighting centred in Governorate cities of Fallujah and Ramadi increases the number of IDPs to 8,. July Access to basic services in areas controlled by armed groups deteriorating.. M February Continued fighting increases the number of IDPs to approximately,. MINORITIES. M June The conflict increases the number of IDPs from central and northern parts of Iraq including cities of Mosul and Tikrit to 5, and from Governorate to 55,..5 M.8 M August Violence in northern Iraq and several regions of the country has resulted in an increase in the number of displaced Iraqis. designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The data for this map has a limited number of sources, including parties to the conflict. The data has not been independently verified and is subject to error or omission, ces. Due to the fluidity of the conflict, control status is likely to change. ces:. Iraq Humanitarian Country Team. IOM DTM. UNOCHA, UNHCR, ICODAH Feedback: iraqinfo@un.org iraq.humanitarianresponse.info Civilians of all ethnic and religious backgrounds have been targeted by the violence sweeping across Iraq. This includes not only minority communities such as Yezidis, Christians and Turkoman in the north, but also Shiites and Sunnis. Of the multiple groups forming the armed opposition, ISIL in particular has employed brutal tactics against minorities and sects. Such persecution is likely to be a persistent feature of the ongoing conflict. Protection concerns are equally faced by groups who are now in the minority in the areas of displacement, including those from Shia and Sunni communities. WOMEN AND CHILDREN Women have been particularly brutalized in the conflict in Iraq, with thousands reportedly abducted, sold, and sexually abused by ISIL and a variety of other armed groups. Surveys in IDP concentration points in KR-I revealed gender related protection issues including camp layouts with long distances and poor lighting to toilets and washing facilities. Overcrowded living conditions coupled with unemployment carry significant risk of domestic violence against both women and children. Children in conflict are particularly vulnerable to deteriorating health, poor nutrition, psychosocial issues, and reduced learning opportunities. Over half of all IDPs are children. At least 5 have been killed and another 9 injured in the violence so far this year.

8 Capacity to Respond W OPERATIONAL PRESENCE (AS AT OCT. ) Some international humanitarian actors, including the United Nations system, the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement and international NGOs are engaged in the humanitarian relief effort in Iraq. Approximately national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in the country and registered with the Iraq: NGO OPS Coordination Online Committee Planning in Iraq / Projects (NCCI) are System also engaged (as of in humanitarian October ) operations. NUMBER OF PROJECTS PER GOVERNORATE DAHUK < - NINEWA ERBIL - 9 > 9 KIRKUK SULAYMANIYAH Armed group controlled areas where humanitarian access and response capacity is extremely limited. Number of projects for the governorate may not reflect actual implementation in these areas. ANBAR SALAH AL-DIN DIYALA BAGHDAD KERBALA BABYLON WASSIT QADISSIYA NAJAF THI-QAR MUTHANNA NUMBER OF PROJECTS BY CLUSTER/SECTOR TOTAL Diyala Salah Al Din Babylon Missan Protection Health Shelter and Non-Food Items Food Security and Agriculture Social Cohesion and Livelihoods Water and Sanitation Education Coordination Camp Coordination and Camp Management Logistics Emergency Telecommunications

9 Humanitarian Access AS OF 9 SEP. Humanitarian access is severely compromised in areas under the control of ISIL and affiliated armed groups. UN agencies and their partners have very limited access to much of, and Salah Al Din governorates, including Iraq s second largest city, Mosul. At least. million Iraqis reside in areas under the control of ISIL and affiliated armed groups;. million of them are estimated to be in urgent need of aid. TURKEY DAHUK Mosul SYRIA NINEWA ERBIL KIRKUK SULAYMANIYAH IRAN ANBAR SALAH AL-DIN Samarra DIYALA Ba`aqubah Ramadi BAGHDAD JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA Humanitarian Access Extremly Difficult Access Some Access Constraints Accessible Area Number of IDPs WASSIT KERBALA BABYLON Kut Hilla Diwaniya Amarah QADISSIYA Samawah THI-QAR NAJAF Nassriyah MUTHANNA KUWAIT LEVELS OF ACCESS Defining difficulty of access is a combination of access of humanitarian actors to the affected population as well sec urity and physical constraints. The presence of multiple security and access indicators as described below under each access level define humanitarian access in a district. EXTREMELY DIFFICULT ACCESS Area with presence of ISIL and their affiliated armed groups, ISF and US airstrikes, heavy presence of ERW, snipers and explosive devices in recently abandoned towns, bureaucratic constraints (denial of travel permits, closure of roads/ checkpoints and travel restrictions on civilians) engagement with security forces and government is required to facilitate access. SOME ACCESS CONSTRAINTS Areas within range of the front line but under control of security forces, destruction of key bridges, presence of explosive devices and booby traps and vulnerability to short notice attacks by militants, areas hostile to the presence of foreigners, extreme kidnap threat warnings, under control of militia groups, bureaucratic (denial of travel permits to Arab staff, refusal to permit convoys or lengthy delays). ACCESSIBLE AREA Areas subject to normal (and at times, heightened) security protocols and bureaucratic procedures (possession of letters of authorisation for inter-provincial travel), some delays may occur in response to short notice security issues or the presence of religious pilgrims or VIPs on a route or within an area.

10 Response gap analysis for IDP response AS OF OCT Since January, about.8 million people have been displaced in Iraq. Nearly half of the IDPs have fled to the Kurdistan Region. The remaining have moved mainly to,, and governorates. More than, IDPs are in areas controlled by ISIL and their affiliated armed groups and are largely beyond the reach of humanitarian actors. The fluid nature of the conflict further complicates delivery of humanitarian assistance. This analysis seeks to depict the response gaps across the four clusters only for those newly displaced in, not the host communities that have also been affected by the conflict. FOOD SECURITY WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE # of people # of people # of people % reached # of people # of people # of people targeted reached not reached targeted reached not reached (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) Babylon % Babylon Diyala Salah al-din Missan.8M.M.M % = % 88% 8% 8% 85% 8% % % % 5% 5% % % % % % % Diyala Salah al-din Missan.8M.M.M % = % reached % % % % 88% % % 5% 5% 8% 8% % % % % % % % NON-FOOD ITEMS EDUCATION.M.M.M 5% = +.5M.M.M % = + # of people # of people # of people % reached # of people # of people # of people targeted reached not reached targeted reached not reached (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) % reached 5 Diyala Babylon Missan Salah al-din Missan Diyala Salah al-din Babylon % % % 8% % % 5% 5% 5% % % % % % % % % % % % % 9% % % % 8% % % % % % % % % % %