HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY. SOUTH SUDAN Humanitarian Response Plan 2015 SUMMARY. United Nations

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1 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY 1 SOUTH SUDAN Humanitarian Response Plan 2015 SUMMARY United Nations

2 2 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY HUMANITARIAN DASHBOARD Key planning figures, needs and funding indicators for the humanitarian response 4 Conflict Humanitarian needs affected civilians some 1.9 million people were displaced by violence in High rates of death, injury and disease with the conflict plunging an already weak public health infrastructure into crisis. Food and livelihoods insecurity 2.5 million people projected to be facing severe food insecurity between January and March Widespread malnutrition an estimated 235,000 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition currently. PLANNING FIGURES FOR 2015 Planning figures for m 4.1m people in need 1.95m people displaced internally refugees in South Sudan US$ 1.8m required for 2015 people to be assisted Relative severity of need Access constraints 40 Abyei region SUDAN Bentiu Malakal Trend 30 Wau CENTRAL AFRICAN Rumbek REPUBLIC Relative severity of need + Yambio - 0 Malnutrition rates remain high Diseases as a cause of death Internally displaced people Global acute malnutrition rates by county Jan-Oct 2014 Total number by state (thousands) Malnutrtion rates remain high Diseases as a cause of death Internally displaced people Very critical Critical Serious Alert Acceptable Aweil IDP locations Hotspots Kuajok DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO JUBA^ 24 counties assessed for GAM Bor UGANDA 42% 20% 17% 17% 4% Torit ETHIOPIA KENYA Measles 2% Bloody Diarrhea 7% Watery Diarrhea 21% Cholera 2% Seasonal events in in crisis-affected states and states population and in population IPC Phases 3 and in crisis 4 (in millions) (IPC 3) and emergency phases (IPC 4) Sep-13 Other 3% Malaria 65% Source: OCHA and humanitarian partners (Oct 2014), Ministry of Health (Oct 2014), Nutrition cluster (Sep 2014) Mar-14 Sep-14 Over 1.4 million people internally displaced 0 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep Central Equatoria Lakes Other States 1m Upper Nile Unity Jonglei 0 1.5m 0.5 Dry Wet Dry Planting Growing Harvest period Hunger gap period Seasonal floods Preposition supplies Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct - Dec (Projected) Phase 3 - Crisis Phase 4 - Emergency IPC Phases 3 and 4 Typical conflict pattern Jan - Mar 2015 (Projected) Sources: FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission Reports ; IPC Alert South Sudan September 2014

3 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY 3 3 Strategic objectives Strategic objective 1 Save lives and alleviate suffering by providing multi-sector assistance to people in need. Strategic objective 2 Protect the rights of the most vulnerable people, including their freedom of movement. Strategic objective 3 Improve self-reliance and coping capacities of people in need by protecting, restoring and promoting their livelihoods. 6 key strategy elements Prioritize rigorously Secure access 4 Coordinate action Scale up 5 3 Capitalize on s Advocate 6 People to be assisted Planning trends CAR SUDAN Upper Nile Abyei region 0.06m NBeG Unity 0.78m 0.16m Warrap 1.01m Jonglei WBeG 0.22m 0.04m Lakes 1.45m 0.27m DRC Western Equatoria 0.05m 0.19m Central Equatoria Eastern Equatoria 0.16m UGANDA ETHIOPIA KENYA Food and livelihoods aid New internally displaced Refugees in South Sudan 1.2m 1.2m 2.3m m 2.8m 500' 450' 300' 200' ' 263' m 270' ' Funding requirements, people in need and to be assisted Requirements (USD millions) CCCM Education FSL food FSL livelihoods Health Mine action NFI/ES Nutrition Protection Refugee response WASH CCS ETC Logs 1.5m 2.8m 3.3m 3.1m 4.1m More information people to be assisted people in need 1.6m 2m 0.5m 1.7m 1.3m 1.6m 1.3m 2.3m 1.9m 3.1m 0.3m 0.3m unocha.org/south-sudan reliefweb.int/country/ssd tinyurl.com/sshrinfo tinyurl.com/ftssouthsudan

4 4 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW The conflict has created the most severe levels of need which must be addressed now Conflict affected civilians Civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict in South Sudan. Tens of thousands of people have been killed or injured; many more have lost their homes and livelihoods. Since December 2013, some 1.9 million people have been displaced from their homes, 1.4 million inside the country, the rest as refugees to neighboring countries. The conflict also affects the 244,600 refugees currently inside South Sudan. Over 100,000 people have sought refuge from attacks in Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites inside UN bases. Many have lived in the bases for months, fearful to return home or move on. Their ability to move freely is severely restricted many are unable to even leave for short periods for fear of their safety. Overcrowding and the breakdown of traditional social structures makes the sites hotbeds for abuse of women and girls, petty criminality, and, in some cases, tension among communities and against aid workers. The remaining 1.3 million displaced people are hosted by communities. While they have a modicum of personal security, they have lost their livelihoods. Further, their reliance on their hosts over-stretched resources, including food and shelter, makes them vulnerable and threatens the viability of host community livelihoods. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence; while many boys and young men have been forcibly conscripted into armed groups or encouraged to join them in order to earn a livelihood. Access to justice is limited. Thousands of families have been separated, with children and elderly sometimes left alone and vulnerable. Some 6,000 separated or unaccompanied children were identified this year. Active hostilities and insecurity constrain people s freedom of movement, particularly in Unity State, making it difficult for them to safely access assistance, move to or stay in secure areas. Explosive remnants of war and land mines also pose imminent danger. Displacement trend since 2010 Number of of people newly newly displaced displaced per month per month (thousands) (thousands) Death, injury and disease The conflict plunged an already weak health infrastructure deeper into crisis. Before December 2013, South Sudan had the world s highest maternal and child mortality rates. Since violence erupted, already severely insufficient primary health care services have been extensively disrupted. As of July 2014, only 41 per cent of health facilities in Unity were functioning compared to 57 per cent in Upper Nile and 68 per cent in Jonglei. This hampers preventative healthcare including vaccination campaigns, malnutrition screenings and ante-natal care and reduces health partners ability to monitor outbreaks. Routine vaccinations have nearly ceased in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile, and support for people living with chronic illnesses, like HIV-AIDS, has broken down. Water and sanitation services have in many places been destroyed or become inaccessible due to fighting; or are overburdened by new demand. Respiratory infection, acute watery diarrhea, cholera, malaria, malnutrition, and measles are the major disease threats. Poor sanitation and shelter, and over-crowding in displacement sites exposed more people to disease, with young children and the elderly particularly susceptible. Outbreaks of cholera and kala-azar have affected 6,100 and 4,100 people respectively as of November Though mortality rates are below emergency levels in displacement sites where health organizations are present, the vast majority of people affected are in remote areas lacking health facilities at all. The health situation will continue to deteriorate in 2015 unless the security situation improves significantly. Food and livelihood insecurity While South Sudanese communities historically have dealt with al changes in resources, the months of conflict and displacement have devastated coping capacity. Between October and December 2014, at a time when food stocks are at the annual high following the main harvest, 1.5 million people are projected to remain severely food insecure and requiring urgent assistance. This is over 500,000 people more than at the same time in 2013, despite a massive aid operation which helped prevent the situation from deteriorating further. The situation is expected to worsen in the first quarter of 2015, with 2.5 million people facing severe food insecurity between January and March. This number is likely to increase further in the lean from April to July, before people are able to harvest the year s first crops. However, the impact of continued conflict on livelihoods and access to markets could lead to an earlier start of the hunger gap in many parts of the country Source: UNOCHA and humanitarian partners, Sept The high levels of food insecurity are driven by several factors stemming from or accelerated by the conflict. Due to violence and the resulting displacement, some people have planted less. Loss of assets, either as a direct result of conflict or due to depletion of household assets during the rainy, or due to hosting

5 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY 5 Relative severity of need People in need and to be assisted Abyei region SUDAN Bentiu Malakal 12m people* population estimate (Mid-year 2015) Aweil Wau Kuajok ETHIOPIA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Rumbek Bor Yambio DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO JUBA^ Torit UGANDA KENYA Source: UNOCHA and humanitarian clusters, Nov 2014 displaced people, has dramatically reduced people s ability to cope with additional shocks. Across the three conflict-affected states, markets in 23 locations are significantly disrupted. Reduced market activity is reported in 10 other locations. The conflict has disrupted normal trade routes between states and with neighbouring countries, affecting the supply of goods and services in the conflict-affected areas. people at risk of food insecurity Widespread malnutrition Before the crisis, South Sudan had a chronically poor malnutrition situation. Seventeen of 21 counties assessed during the 2013 lean had global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent. Now, the malnutrition situation is classified as critical (GAM 15 to 29 per cent) or very critical (GAM above 30 per cent) in over half of the country. Children under 5, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly are at high risk. The projected number of children expected to suffer from severe acute malnutrition in 2014 more than doubled from 108,000 before the crisis to 235,000 in mid Poor food security, lack of access to clean water, lack of sanitation and basic healthcare and increased prevalence of diseases exacerbate the situation. Infant and young child feeding practices have been affected by traumatic experiences. An assessment in Leer in Unity State found that lactating women who had survived rape stopped breast-feeding their children. Children who have been malnourished as infants are at high risk of stunted growth and limited brain development million internally displaced 4.1m to be assisted 4.1 million water, sanitation, hygiene 3.3million health 3.1million protection 2.8m /1.5m livelihoods/food 2million nutrition 1.6 million camp management 1.3 million NFIs/shelter 1.2 million mine action The loss of health facilities and aid organizations providing nutrition services in rural areas has interrupted screening and treatment for malnutrition. By mid-2014, the number of outpatient health facilitlies was down to 183 from 300. Access to other acute malnutrition treatment and prevention programmes has also been drastically reduced. Prevention and treatment programmes require a sustained presence on the ground, which continues to be constrained in many places by ongoing insecurity ,000 refugees + 120,000 Abyei-affected 500,000 education 293,000 refugee response * Estimate based on projection of people living in South Sudan in 2015, derived from census result of 2008 (8.26m). Source: WFP, South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics.

6 6 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS Most likely planning scenario for 2015 Political and security context Peace process continues, with engagement of regional stakeholders, but agreements may not effectively or immediately end hostilities. Violence, including against civilians, intensifies in the dry as road mobility improves. Front lines continue to shift, triggering new displacements. Travel restrictions increase. The impact of the conflict may spread, including by increasing militarization in Lakes State. Small arms proliferate, including in areas not directly affected by the conflict. Land mines and unexploded ordnance threaten civilians and constrain movement. Children are prevented form learning, and youth from working; conscription of children and youth increases. Resource-related conflict, i.e. competition over pasture and water and cattle-raids, continues. Economic and social context Markets in conflict-areas remain disrupted and markets in other areas are stressed. Oil production remains well below capacity, inflation rises and there is a lack of hard currency. The state budget continues to skew very heavily towards the security and military sector with over 70 per cent of Government expenditure. Salary payments and cash transfers are delayed. Unemployment rises; family purchasing power declines. The ongoing conflict causes a decline in food and livestock production. The lack of resources and ongoing hostilities continue to paralyse state-provided social services. Violence, displacement, and family separation increases trauma, fewer children go to school, and heightens the prevalence of gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS, is increasingly prevalent. The conflict erodes traditional social networks. Impact on humanitarian needs Life-threatening needs exist across the country, but are highest and most complex in areas directly affected by the conflict. Across the country, 6.4 million people need humanitarian assistance. This includes 1.95 million internally displaced people and 293,000 refugees hosted in South Sudan, as well as 120,000 people affected by violence in Abyei. Capacity to respond continues to be overstretched, requiring continued, rigorous prioritization of activities. Planning figures for million people in need 4.1 million people to be assisted 2.5 million facing crisis/emergency levels of food insecurity 1.95 million people displaced inside South Sudan 293,000 Refugees remain in South Sudan $1.81 billion Funds required for 2015 response plan (23 Nov 14) $600 million needed by February to take advantage of ality Funding requirements for 2015 Cluster Camp coordination and camp management Coordination and common services Education Emergency and telecommunications Food security and livelihoods Health Logistics Mine action Non-food items and emergency shelter Nutrition Protection Refugee response Water, sanitation and hygiene Required $53.8 million $19 million $40 million $3.8 million $746.6 million $90 million $145 million $15.7 million $70 million $120.3 million $70 million $291.1 million $141.9 million

7 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2015 SUMMARY 7 RESPONSE STRATEGY Coordinated action with resources prioritized to capitalize on the s, secure access and scale up Strategic objectives 1. Save lives and alleviate suffering. 2. Protect the rights of the most vulnerable. 3. Improve self-reliance and coping capacities. Proposed Operating Centres Proposed operational centres SUDAN Upper Nile Abyei region Unity Malakal Bentiu Aweil Northern Old Fangak Mading Koch Bahr el Kuajok Ghazal Pagak Lankien Leer ETHIOPIA CENTRAL Warrap AFRICAN Wau Akobo REPUBLIC Western Bahr el Ghazal Jonglei Ganyiel Rumbek Operating centres - Lakes Proposed in three phases Bor Phase 1 Phase 2 Western Equatoria Eastern Equatoria JUBA ^ Phase 3 Yambio Central IDPs locations Equatoria Torit Primary roads DEMOCRATIC Secondary roads REPUBLIC OF KENYA River Nile THE CONGO UGANDA Scope of the response The response will address life-threatening needs in key parts of the country. Though priority will be given to areas and people directly affected by conflict, major threats to people s lives and livelihoods will be addressed based on need. UNOCHA, October 2014 Source: and humanitarian partners, Nov Subject to review. How will the strategy be implemented 1. Expand services by establishing operational centres in key locations to increase presence in the deep field. 2. Coordinate action to ensure that the operation is effective and leverages all available resources. 3. Make the most of the dry to reach more people in need by prepositioning life-saving supplies now. 4. Stay and deliver, by strengthening capacity to manage security risks as context changes. 5. Advocate for access with authorities to ensure humanitarians can reach those in need. 6. Monitor and adjust the response: to direct resources where they are most urgently needed, aid organizations will use evidence-based tools to assess and re-evaluate need. Objective 1 Save lives and alleviate suffering by providing multi-sector assistance to people in need Partners will save lives and alleviate suffering by providing food, shelter, health care, nutrition screening and support, and safe water. Preventing a famine, improving the quality and breadth of services to conflict-affected people, and tackling needs that have been underserved - such as emergency education, mental health care, and psychosocial support - is key. Objective 2 Protect the rights of the most vulnerable people, including their freedom of movement Partners will protect the rights of the most vulnerable. Targeted killings, rape, abuse and constraints on people s right to move freely are recurrent features of daily life in areas affected by violence. Partners will engage with communities to reduce tensions and exposure to violence, ensure children are protected, and prevent and respond to sexual violence. Objective 3 Improve self-reliance and coping capacities of people in need by protecting, restoring and promoting their livelihoods Partners will work to support people in rebuilding their lives and protecting their families from shocks. The conflict has disrupted livelihoods, job opportunities, and access to education. Partners will respond by improving access to basic education, life-skills training, and support for their agricultural and trading activities.

8 United Nations Facebook: UNOCHA South Sudan Cover photo: UNICEF/Pflanz