Do Now. \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder

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1 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder Why is it that high school students do NOT study? How do you think you did on the 1 st test for this CLASS? And why

2 Objective The student will (TSW) compare and contrast the Unit 1 inventions and Unit 2 inventions. And how those inventions started the Industrial Age for the United States of America Benchmark/Standard US.2.4 Examine the effect of the government s laissez-faire policy, innovations in technology and transportation, and changes in business organization that led to the growth of an industrial economy

3 ANTICIPATORY SET: THINK PAIR SHARE With your partner(s), write down at least 5 words that you think of when you hear the word INDUSTRY Also write down 5 words that you think of when you hear the term REVOLUTION

4 Agenda Anticipatory Set- 5mins Think/Pair/Share- 10mins Analyzing effects-15mins Compare/Contrast Inventions-15mins TPS-5mins AECR writing-40mins Closing (complete Daily assessment

5 UNIT 2: Emerging industrial Giant

6 The Expansion of Industry Post Civil War ( post 1865) focus on agriculture By 1920, the US was the leading industrial power in the world Growth due to: Natural resources Government support Urbanization New Inventions

7 Natural Resources help transform US and Fuel Industrial Revolution Abundance of coal and iron in US OIL (Black Gold) STEEL 1859 Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil; started an oil boom in Midwest Oil -> Kerosene; gasoline byproducts Henry Bessemer developed Bessemer process to remove carbon from iron to create a lighter, more flexible, rust resistant compound (STEEL) New Uses for Steel Railroads, barbed wire, farm equipment, bridges, skyscrapers

8 New Inventions Electricity 1880 Thomas Alva Edison created first incandescent light bulb Later invented entire system for producing and distributing electricity

9 New Inventions (cont ) Typewriter Christopher Sholes Changed office work and paperwork Opened new jobs for women

10 New Inventions (cont ) The Telephone 1876 Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson Changed the way we communicate

11 MAKING INFERENCES/HYPOTHESIZING Think Pair Share Write the questions and answers to be handed in. How did daily life change as industry expanded in the late 19 th century? If the U.S. would have been poor in natural resources, how would industrialization have been affected?

12 Analyzing Effects: Which invention or development described in your notes had the greatest impact on society? Justify your choice. Think about: The application of inventions The impact of inventions on people s daily lives The effect of the inventions on the workplace?

13 UNITED STATES HISTORY NAME Inventions Comparison/Contrast DATE PERIOD In the common circle, list as many things as you can think of that inventions/innovations discussed in Unit 1& Unit 2 have in common. In the Unit 1 box, list as many things as you can think of that made those inventions/innovations unique from those of Unit 2 and in the Unit 2 box, list as many things as you can think of that made those inventions/innovations unique from those of Unit 1.

14 Time Zone Video /transcontinental-railroad/videos/settingtimezones?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f =1&free=false

15 THE UNITED STATES IS DIVIDED INTO 4 TIME ZONES

16 ANTICIPATORY SET (Think, Pair,Share) TRY YOUR BEST TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: 1. If it is 12noon in New York, what time is it in California? 2. If it is 6am in New Orleans, what time is it in Chicago? 3. If it is 9am in Orlando, what time is it in Las Vegas? 4. If it is 1am in San Francisco, what time is it in Trenton? 5. If it is 8am in New Orleans, what time is it in Boston?

17 Answers TRY YOUR BEST TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: 1. If it is 12noon in New York, what time is it in California? 9am 2. If it is 6am in New Orleans, what time is it in Chicago? 6am 3. If it is 9am in Orlando, what time is it in Las Vegas? 6am 4. If it is 1am in San Francisco, what time is it in Trenton? 4am 5. If it is 8am in New Orleans, what time is it in Boston? 9am

18 NATIONAL NETWORK Railroads expanded extraordinarily fast 1856-no rail west of Mississippi River 1869-Completion of Transcontinental RR ,000 miles of track laid *Immigrants from China and Ireland and outof-work Civil War vets build railroads *Accidents and disease disable and kill thousands every year

19 NATIONAL NETWORK tinental-railroad/videos/transcontinental-railroad

20 RAILROAD AND TIME Time is important for the RR in keeping schedules for routes 1. Prior to 1883, no standard time reference 2. In Professor C.F. Dowd divides earth into 24 time zones Railroads synchronized their watches across U.S International Conference adopts time zones Congress adopts time zones

21 THE UNITED STATES IS DIVIDED INTO 4 TIME ZONES

22 RAILROADS SPUR OTHER INDUSTRIAL GROWTH Influenced the iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass businesses Led to the growth of towns, new markets, and opportunity for profiteers Linked isolated towns

23 RAILROADS LED TO URBANIZATION (GROWTH OF CITIES) New towns grow along railroad Ex. Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, and Seattle

24 Exit Ticket 1. Who invented the typewriter, and why is this invention important? 2. What is the purpose of time zones? 3. Who created the Bessemer Process? 4. How did railroads led to industrial growth for the United States?

25 Closure: AECR Name an invention that has been created in your lifetime that has had a similar impact on society as the some of the inventions of the late 19 th century. Explain. BONUS: Come up with an idea for new invention that will help mankind progress. Explain how. What kind of natural resources would it require?

26 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder Who invented the light bulb? How many time zones is the United States divided in?

27 Objective The student will (TSW) analyze the effect industrialization had on the United States politics, economy, and social life. Benchmark/Standard US.2.4 Examine the effect of the government s laissez-faire policy, innovations in technology and transportation, and changes in business organization that led to the growth of an industrial economy

28 Agenda Dow Now- 5mins Anticipatory Set- 5mins Notes- 10mins Literacy Activity-20mins AECR paragraph Notes-35mins Exit ticket-5mins Clousre-5mins

29 Anticipatory Set Think/Pair/Share What is a company town? Why would someone live in a company town?

30 Company Towns A company town is a place where practically all stores and housing are owned by the one company that is the only employer. The company provides infrastructure (housing, stores, transportation, sewage and water) to enable workers to move there and live.

31 PULLMAN: A FACTORY & TOWN GEORGE PULLMAN George Pullman builds railcar factory on Illinois prairie Built nearby town Pullman for his employees Believed that by changing the social environment in which the worker lived and worked they could induce habits of respectability, uplift workers character, and change social attitudes His idea is expanded into other industries especially coal mining towns

32 PULLMAN: A FACTORY & TOWN Towns included clean well built homes and medical facilities It was also very strict people could not drink alcohol or loiter Pullman workers felt town was too strict 1894 Pullman lowered wages but not rent it led to a violent strike

33 Pullman Town Close Reading Please read each paragraph with your new partner and answer the corresponding questions! This close reading is worth 25pts

34 THINK PAIR SHARE: What are some of the pros and cons to having a company town?

35 Company Town Video 1

36 Literacy: AECR Activity Prompt: After viewing the video on Company Towns and reading the article on the Pullman Town, use the AECR style of writing to create an argumentative paragraph defining a company town and explaining whether or not a company town is good idea or not. Cite at three pieces of evidence to support your assertion.

37 GROUP: THINK, PAIR, SHARE What does the term white collar crime mean? What are some examples of white collar crimes?

38 CREDIT MOBILIER SCANDAL Stockholders of Union Pacific Railroad formed a bogus construction company in 1864 Overpay shares of stock to 20 Republican members of Congress in 1867 Reputation of the Republican party is tarnished

39 THE GRANGE AND THE RAILROADS GRANGERS PUT A STOP TO RAILROAD CORRUPTION Farmers affected by railroad corruption a. Railroads sell government lands to businesses, not settlers b. Fix prices, keep farmers in debt c. Charge different customers different rates Grangers sponsor political candidates press for laws protecting farmers

40 Munn vs. Illinois Groundbreaking court case -States were given regulation control of railroads by the courts -Set precedent that state government can regulate private industry

41 INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT -Passed by Congress in Fed gov t reclaimed supervision of railroads -Establishes Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate RR s -Legal battle with railroads; difficult for ICC to take action because Supreme Court rules they can t regulate rates CONGRESS PASSED THE ICA

42 ANTICIPATORY SET: THINK PAIR SHARE List 10 qualities do you think it takes to be a billionaire today?

43 Video

44 Big Business: Andrew Carnegie was one of the first industrial moguls -revolutionized steel industry in By 1899, the Carnegie Steel Company manufactured more steel than all the factories in Great Britain combined Wrote the book titled Gospel of Wealth

45 CARNEGIE S VERTICAL INTEGRATION Vertical integration - he bought out his suppliers (coal fields, iron mines, ore freighters, and rail lines) in order to control materials and transportation

46 CARNEGIE S HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION Carnegie bought up the competition through friendly and hostile takeovers 2. Horizontal Integration; buying companies that produce similar products 3. Allows control of suppliers and limit competition

47 Andrew Carnegie

48 video &f=1&free=false

49 BUSINESS GROWTH & CONSOLIDATION Mergers could result in a monopoly (Trust) 2. A monopoly is complete control over an industry Example of consolidation: -In 1870, Rockefeller Standard Oil Company owned 2% of the country s crude oil By 1880 it controlled 90% of U.S. crude oil

50 John D. Rockefeller

51 Video &free=false

52 Cornelius Vanderbilt

53 Video

54 J.P Morgan

55 video

56 ROBBER BARONS J.P MORGAN IN PHOTO AND CARTOON -critics began to call business moguls Robber Barons because they were alarmed at the cutthroat tactics of industrialists -included Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Stanford, and J.P. Morgan

57 ROBBER BARONS WERE GENEROUS, TOO Philanthropists- means "love of humanity" in the sense of caring, nourishing, developing and enhancing "what it is to be human" on both the benefactors' (by identifying and exercising their values in giving and volunteering) and beneficiaries' (by benefiting) parts -Carnegie built libraries, Rockefeller, Leland Stanford, and Cornelius Vanderbilt built schools ROCKEFELLER CHAPEL UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

58 Exit Ticket 1. Define Robber Baron? 2. When buying out your competition you are using what type of business strategy? And who developed that strategy? 3. Andrew Carnegie sold his Steel company to who for 480 million dollars? 4. John D. Rockefeller was the Captain of what industry?

59 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder What is the difference between horizontal integration and vertical integration? List all Captains of Industry and what industry they controlled within the U.S.?

60 Objective The student will (TSW) analyze the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions by completing a gallery walk and writing a paragraph. Benchmark/Standard US.2.4 Examine the effect of the government s laissez-faire policy, innovations in technology and transportation, and changes in business organization that led to the growth of an industrial economy

61 Gallery Walk: Directions Walk around the room looking at the pictures of working conditions during the Industrial Revolution. For every picture complete two on-the-surface (what I see) and two under-the-surface (what I predict) observations related to each picture. When finished sit down and write a paragraph answering the essential question: How did the growth of industrialization impact the living and working conditions for Americans?

62 Problem #1: Unfair Working Conditions Low wages Long hours (10-14 hours a day) No unemployment, no health care benefits Government does not help because of Laissez Faire

63 Problem #2: Unhealthy Working Conditions Black lung, white lung High injury rate

64 Problem #3: Child Labor Children as young six were employed Many worked full time Jobs to help support their families Children were often injured on the job

65 Problem #4: Poor Living Conditions Lack of sanitation and police Families were often crowded into one room

66 Business Boom Bypasses the South 1.Still recovering from Civil War 2. Hindered by lack of capital 3. North owns 90% of stock in RR 4. Business problems: high transport costs, tariffs, few skilled workers

67 Labor Unions DEFINITION: A group of workers (laborers) all in the same industry (job) who organize their efforts to create better working conditions.

68 Reasons for forming unions Long Hours/No benefits *six to seven day work weeks *12 hour work days *no vacation time *no sick leave *no unemployment compensation *no workman s compensation

69 Reasons for forming unions cont d Unsafe Working Conditions *dirty and poorly ventilated workplaces *dangerous faulty equipment *1892:675 laborers died in work-related accidents Ridiculously low wages *so low, the whole family had to work *sweatshop type work (ex: child 14 hour day for 27 cents/hr)

70 NLU (National Labor Union) 1866: formed by iron workers *Led by William Sylvis got Congress to legalize the 8/hr work day CNLU (Colored National Labor Union)

71 Knights of Labor open to all races and genders Also in favor of the 8 hour work day equal pay for equal work preferred arbitration to a strike

72 American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers (president) used Collective Bargaining consists of the process of negotiation between representatives of a union and employers (generally represented by management strikes were also a major tactic

73 railway union skilled and unskilled laborers led by Eugene Debbs (leader)

74 Strikes Turn Violent Industry and government saw unions as a threat to capitalism. Great Strike of 1877 *Baltimore and Ohio railroads *ended by federal troops Haymarket Affair *3,000 people protesting police brutality *7 policemen and several workers killed

75 Homestead Strike *strike at the Carnegie Steel Company s Homestead plant (PA) when wage cuts were announced. *hired private police to protect plants *hired scabs *turned violent led to several deaths

76 Pullman Company Strike Pullman s workers went on strike when he cut wages but not rent Turned violent Federal troops intervened. End result: workers fired and blackballed.

77 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder What were some of the reasons for forming Labor Unions Samuel Gompers founded which labor Union?

78 Captains of Industry or Robber Barons Project You will be assigned one of the following: Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D Rockefeller or JP Morgan. You will be asked to read the handouts provided in class about your assigned captain/robber baron and research on your own more than 4 sources if you want an A. You will use the attached handout to help you find information about your Captain/Robber Baron. You will divide your poster between the Good and the Bad for your Captain/Robber Baron. Your poster must be organized, creative and include at least 3 graphics/pictures to receive an A.

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80 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder What were some of the reasons for forming Labor Unions Samuel Gompers founded which labor Union?

81 Objective The student will (TSW) analyze the impact of Mass immigration in the United States during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Benchmark/Standard US.2.5 Illustrate the phases, geographic origins, and motivations behind MASS immigration and explain how these factors accelerated URBANization.

82 Agenda Anticipatory Set-5mins Introduction to Lesson-15mins Immigration Simulation Group Activity-65 Reflective Journal/Exit Ticket-5min

83 Anticipatory Set: Think Pair Share What is an immigrant? List 3 to 5 problems do you think immigrants face when they enter a new land?

84 The New Immigrants Mass Rush of Immigrants in the late 19 th and early 20 th century 1. Seeking refuge from famine and shortages 2. Seeking quick profits before returning home (Birds of Passage) 3. Mostly from Eastern and Southern Europe

85 Push Factors Push Factors= Things that force/ push people out of a place or land. Drought or famine Political revolutions or wars Religious persecution Economic struggles

86 Pull Factors Pull Factors= Things that attract people to a place or land. Plentiful Land Employment Religious Freedom Political Freedom New Life

87 European Immigrants 20 million between 1870 and 1920 Arrived on the shores of the East Coast From all parts of Europe Possible Reason for leaving Europe: Escaping religious persecution rising populations in (scarce jobs and resources) seeking independent lives

88 Chinese and Japanese Arrived on the shores West Coast In smaller number than the Europeans Help build railroads as well as jobs in Farming, Mining, and Domestic Service 1898 The U.S. annexed Hawaii (large Japanese population) so many Japanese immigrants moved into the continental U.S.

89 West Indies & Mexican Immigrants West Indies From Jamaica, Cuba, and Puerto Rico In search of jobs promised from the U.S. industrial boom Mexicans In search of work Fleeing political unrest

90 Life in the New Land A difficulty Journey Usually travelled from 1 to 3 weeks by steamship In ship s cargo areas Crowded and unsanitary Many died before the trip ended

91 Immigration Stations Areas where immigrants were inspected to see if they could enter the U.S. Example 1: Ellis Island, N.Y. (East coast, European immigrants) EEE Most detained at least a day before admittance Only about 2% denied admission Pass physical exam by doctor Pass document check by government inspector Had to have at least $25,be able to work, and no criminal record, and pass a government test

92 Immigration Stations Angel Island (West Coast) Asians In San Francisco Much harsher than Ellis Island Tough questioning and dirty accommodations

93 Immigration Restrictions Lots of conflict between immigrants and Native-born Americans Nativism overt favoritism towards Native-Born Americans. Led to a lot of anti-immigrant groups Discrimination based on Country of origin religion

94 Chinese Exclusion Act Result of Anti-Chinese Sentiment (felt they were taking jobs because they worked for less) Banned entry to the U.S. to all Chinese students, teachers, merchants etc. Eventually Restricted Chinese immigration indefinitely

95 The Gentlemen s Agreement Japan agreed to limit the number of unskilled workers they would allow to leave for the U.S. In exchange the U.S. would lift segregation bands against Japanese students in San Francisco.

96 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder What is the difference between a Push and Pull factor? Most Europeans came thru which immigration station?

97 Objective The student will (TSW) analyze the factors of Mass URBANization in the United States during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Benchmark/Standard US.2.5 Illustrate the phases, geographic origins, and motivations behind MASS immigration and explain how these factors accelerated URBANization.

98 Agenda Do Now-5mins Anticipatory Set-5mins Notes-20mins Reflective Journal-10mins Notes-20mins Create Your Own Political Cartoon- 25mins Reflective Journal/Exit Ticket-5min

99 Anticipatory Set: Brees Group Think Pair Share What is urbanization? List 3 to 5 problems that an area may encounter, once there is rapid urbanization?

100 Challenges of Urbanization Urban Opportunities Immigrants settle in cities (Urbanization) *cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live *cities gave unskilled immigrants places to work (factories and mills)

101 Americanization Movement attempt to Assimilate immigrants into dominant culture (not always embraced) Teach them history, speaking, cooking, etc. sponsored by government and concerned citizens

102 Migration from Country to City Many rural people moved to the cities as the need for farmers decreased (technology replacing their jobs) Racial tension in Northern Cities (Detroit, Chicago etc.) between Southern African American farmers who moved there to compete for jobs with whites.

103 Urban Problems 1. Housing *typically cramped rooms in boarding houses *Tenements *two or more families (usually immigrants) living in one family homes *overcrowded and unsanitary

104 Transportation Mass transit was a need System designed to move large numbers of people Street Cars introduced in S.F. Subways in Boston Bigger the population = bigger the demand

105 Water Needed to provide safe drinking water to prevent disease *Public Waterworks were built *Many problems with pipes and plumbing

106 Sanitation *Bigger the city, the harder it is to keep clean *Sewage in open gutters *Horse manure piled in streets *Foul smoke in the air from factories *led to the eventual development of sewage lines and sanitation departments

107 Crime As populations grew so did the amount of theft Most of the law enforcement of the times were too small to have an impact on crime

108 Fire Big problem because of limited water supply Most houses were packed with wood Many people used candles and kerosene Wasn t till 1900 that most cities had full time paid fire departments

109 Social Gospel Movement Early reform program Preached salvation through service to the poor Settlement Houses Provided educational, cultural and social services EX: Hull House founded by JANE Addams

110 Reflective Journal 5: Write as if you are an immigrant living in a U.S. city in the late 19 th /early 20 th century. Describe what your surrounding and daily life would be like. (1 paragraph)

111 ANTICIPATORY SET: GROUP THINK PAIR SHARE What do you think the term corruption/scandal means? How does it tie in to our previous discussions on white collar crimes?

112 Politics in the Gilded Age Political Machines 1. Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city 2. Run by city boss 3. Offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support. 4. Controlled many major cities (Baltimore, NY, SF, etc.)

113 Role of the Political Boss Controlled the city (officially or unofficially) Controlled all city jobs and licenses Influenced over courts and government agencies Also did get a lot done (built hospitals, etc) Helped secure votes

114 Immigrants and The Machine Many bosses and captains of the machine were first and second generation immigrants Could speak to immigrants in a familiar way (understood them) Helped immigrants with various issues in exchange for votes

115 Municipal Graft and Scandal Bosses became corrupt as their influence grew Election Fraud Used fake names and re-voted to make sure they won elections Graft Illegally used their influence for personal gain. EX: Kick backs, bribes, etc.

116 Boss Tweed William Marcy Tweed, a.k.a. Boss Tweed, one of the most powerful political bosses. Head of Tammany Hall (New York Democratic Political Machine) Defrauded the city of NY 13 million dollar construction project really only cost 3 million (He and his followers kept the difference) 120 counts of fraud and extortion (12 years in jail) Thomas Nast (Cartoonist who got public outraged with Tweed s dealings)

117 Civil Service Replaces Patronage Patronage (AKA Spoils system) Giving of government jobs to people who help you get elected Stalwarts : name given to those who supported the spoils system Reformers wanted civil service jobs (govt. jobs) to go to the most qualified person.

118 Rutherford B. Hayes Republican elected U.S. President in 1876 Named independents to his cabinet to avoid the spoils system Opposed by stalwarts Those who liked the spoils system

119 James Garfield Reform Republican Elected in 1880 Wanted to get rid of patronage Shot by Charles Guiteau (turned down for a job) Vice President Arthur Was a stalwart but carried on Garfield s reforms

120 Pendleton Civil Service Act A bipartisan civil service commission must make appointments to Federal Jobs. Jobs were given based on performance on an examination

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124 Create Your Own Make a political cartoon of your own about the corruption of the government

125 Do Now \ DIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO Now folder and or binder Which factor was a motivation of the nativists in the United States during the nineteenth century? the desire for land prejudice against immigrants loyalty to the Pope opposition to slavery

126 Agenda Do Now-5mins Unit 1 Test Review Unit 2 Study Guide Important Information

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