LIBERAL STUDIES DEGREE PROGRAM SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY FALL Syllabus

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1 LIBERAL STUDIES DEGREE PROGRAM SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY FALL 2014 LSHS ASEAN: Southeast Asian Tigers? Time: Thursday, 6:30pm 9:30pm, Room: TBA Instructor: Dr. Pamela Sodhy. Tel: (Home) and Course Description Syllabus This course traces the major developments in the history of Southeast Asia s own regional organization, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), from its formation in 1967 to the present. From five founding members -- Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand the Association has since doubled its membership to include Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Burma (Myanmar), and Cambodia. Individually, some ASEAN states may be small, as in the case of Singapore and Brunei, but collectively the regional organization is a force to be reckoned with, covering a huge land and sea area and with a combined population of over 530 million people. Moreover, the ASEAN states occupy an important geographical location between India and China, serving as a cultural crossroads. The region also has strategic sealanes, such as the Straits of Malacca through which oil from the Middle East is shipped to Japan. Furthermore, the Southeast Asian nations are rich in economic resources like spices, gold, tin, oil, rubber, copra, oil palm, and forest and marine products. In earlier days, the area s strategic position and its economic potential attracted the attention of the Western powers, leading them to eventually colonize all of Southeast Asia except for Thailand, which escaped subjugation by cleverly making trade and territorial concessions to the Western nations and by playing them off each other. Indonesia fell to the Dutch; Burma, Malaya, Singapore, and Brunei to the British; Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia to the French; and the Philippines to the Spanish at first and then to the Americans. Only after WWII did these countries obtain their independence, some through wars of national liberation and others through negotiations with the colonial rulers. Presently, as independent nations, the ASEAN states continue to be important for economic and strategic reasons and comprise part of the thriving Asia-Pacific region so vital to world trade. ASEAN is especially important to the United States which now trades more with the Pacific nations than with the Atlantic states, formerly its main trading partners. This change since the 1980s constitutes a major historic shift in US economic history. This shift is clearly mirrored in US-ASEAN trade as ASEAN has become America s third largest trading partner. Topics to be covered in the course include the following: The significance of ASEAN. * Background information on Southeast Asia and on ASEAN s ten member states. 1

2 The precursors of ASEAN: The Southeast East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954; The Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) in 1961; and MAPHILINDO in Reasons leading to ASEAN s establishment in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. ASEAN s limited cooperation in its early years until the fall of Saigon in April ASEAN s greater cooperation in the immediate post-vietnam War period from 1975 to 1978 when it viewed the Communist threat with more alarm. Greater cooperation followed its first summit meeting in February 1976 at Bali, where it signed a Declaration of ASEAN Concord, a Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, an Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat based in Jakarta, and agreed on dialogue partners for trade. A second summit meeting was held in 1977 at Kuala Lumpur. ASEAN s involvement in the Third Indochina War from 1979 to 1989 when it waged a diplomatic offensive against Vietnam s invasion and occupation of Cambodia. The structure and organization of ASEAN after 1976 Intra-ASEAN and extra-asean trade ASEAN s policies. Security issues ASEAN s growth in membership The causes and effects of the 1997 Asian financial crisis Cooperation and tension among the ASEAN states The new ASEAN Charter ASEAN s strengths and weaknesses Latest developments in ASEAN The course will end by stressing that in the early 21 st century ASEAN faces challenges on all fronts -- political, economic, social, and religious. Recent troubles include secession and terrorist threats, leadership problems, economic hardship, religious and ethnic strife, human rights violations, a military coup in Thailand in 2006, and continuing problems with the role of the military in Burma. Moreover, the Bali bombings in 2002 and 2005 and the links between radical Islamic groups in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore and the Al Qaeda network of Osama bin Laden have led to Southeast Asia being called the second front in the war on terrorism. For ASEAN, traditional policies, like non-interference and nonintervention in the internal affairs of member states, are no longer effective and changes are in order. ASEAN is thus at an important crossroads in its history and needs to chart new policies that can better help it to respond effectively to the increasing challenges that it now faces. The ASEAN Charter, with its new legal framework, is an attempt by the regional organization to strengthen itself. Latest developments in ASEAN include two new challenges: America s shift in military and trade focus to Asia and China s assertiveness in the South China Sea. Required Texts: Ronald D. Palmer and Thomas J. Reckford, Building ASEAN: Twenty Years of Southeast Asian Cooperation (New York: Praeger, 1987). [out of print; sold as a course packet by GU Bookstore] Mary Somers Heidhues, Southeast Asia: A Concise History (London: Thames & Hudson, 2000). 2

3 A set of documents and articles on ASEAN (this will be placed online on Blackboard and on the Library s Course Reserves under the instructor s name and the course number). Learning Goals and Outcomes: This course aims to provide a comprehensive survey of ASEAN s development over a fourdecade period from 1967 to the present. It uses a multidisciplinary approach and numerous primary sources to trace the important benchmarks in the evolution of Southeast Asia s own regional organization. Included will be the discussion of human values, like respect for others, tolerance and acceptance of differences, and the sharing of resources for the common good. The course will consist of lectures, discussions, and films. Students in the course are expected to complete the required readings, to attend class regularly, and to participate in class discussions. Attendance at the first class is mandatory. Regarding an absence from class, students should contact the professor and documentation may be required. More than two absences usually results in withdrawal from the course as sufficient contact hours would not be met to warrant the award of credit or grade. Regarding course requirements, one requirement is that each student sign up to make an oral presentation of about ten minutes in class on one of the main topics in the syllabus. These oral presentations will begin from the third class meeting. Since a grade will be given for the oral presentation, a written copy or outline of it should be submitted to the course instructor before the presentation takes place. Other requirements include a map test on Southeast Asia, a mid-term exam, and a research paper on ASEAN. The mid-term exam will cover ASEAN from 1967 to There will be no final exam. Since the mid-term exam will cover ASEAN s history to 1989, the research paper should focus on an aspect of the regional organization from 1990 to The research paper topic is to be chosen in consultation with the course instructor and this topic should be different from that for the oral presentation in class. The length of the paper should be around pages. The paper should contain footnotes and a bibliography. Both primary and secondary sources are to be used for the research paper. The primary sources might include government documents and reports, contemporary newspapers, texts of treaties, speeches, memoirs, novels, poems, and short stories. Students should meet with the course instructor to settle on a paper topic by Thursday, September 18, A brief paper proposal of one or two paragraphs in length is to be submitted to the course instructor by Thursday, September 25, The proposal should include the following information: the title of the research paper, the aim and the scope of the paper, and how it will be organized. The aim should include the importance of your paper topic while the scope should indicate the years covered and the focus, for example, political, economic, or socio-cultural. As for the organization, you should note how many parts there are, including the Introduction and the Conclusion, as this will show how your paper is structured. Complete sentences are to be used because your paper proposal will also serve as a sample of your writing. A preliminary bibliography should be submitted along with the proposal and it 3

4 should list, in two separate sections, the primary and secondary sources to be used. The deadline for the submission of the research paper is Thursday, December 4, The paper will be graded on content, organization, style, analysis, and use of sources. As for the grading system for this course, it will be as follows: Map Test: 10% Oral Presentation in Class: 10% Class Participation: 20% Mid-Term Exam: 30% Research Paper: 30% Important Dates: Thursday, Sept.18, Map Test on Southeast Asia Thursday, Sept. 25, Submission of Research Paper Proposal Thursday, Oct. 9, Mid-Term Exam Thursday, Dec. 4, Submission of Research Paper CLASS MEETINGS 1 st CLASS Course Introduction and Overview Aug. 28, 2014 ASEAN s Significance and Background Information on the 10 ASEAN States Film on Southeast Asia and Discussion of Film Readings: Heidhues, Southeast Asia: A Concise History, Chpts nd CLASS ASEAN s Formation in 1967: Reasons, Precursors, & Overcoming Obstacles Sept. 4, 2014 ASEAN s Initial Organization and Structure Characteristics of the ASEAN Way Readings: Palmer and Reckford, Building ASEAN, Chpts Doc. 1: The ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration), Bangkok, August 8, 1967 Doc. 2: First ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Bangkok, August 8, Selo Soemardjan, Introduction & Estrella D. Solidum, The Role of Certain Sectors in Shaping and Articulating the ASEAN Way, in Anand & Quisumbing, Asean: Identity, Development, and Culture, pp. ix-xxviii & pp

5 3 rd CLASS ASEAN s Early Years, August 1967 April 1975: Major Developments, Sept. 11, 2014: Cooperation between Members and Early Challenges. Readings: Palmer and Reckford, Building ASEAN, Chpts. 3-4 & Chpt. 5, pp Docs. 3-8: 2 nd to 7 th ASEAN Ministerial Meetings, Doc. 9: Agreement for the Establishment of a Fund for ASEAN, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, Dec. 17, Doc. 10: Zone of Peace, Freedom & Neutrality Declaration (Kuala Lumpur Declaration), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 27, Shee Poon-Kim, A Decade of ASEAN, , Asian Survey, 17:8 (August 1977), rd CLASS ASEAN in the Aftermath of the Vietnam War, May 1975 December 1978: Sept. 18, 2014 Main Events, Organizational Changes, and New Challenges. Map Test on Southeast Asia Readings: Palmer and Reckford, Building ASEAN, Chpt. 5, pp Jose D. Ingles, Problems and Progress in Regional Interaction in Anand & Quisumbing, Asean: Identity, Development, and Culture, pp Doc. 11: 8 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Kuala Lumpur, May 13-15, Doc. 12: Declaration of ASEAN Concord, Bali, Feb. 24, Doc. 13: Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Bali, Feb. 24, Doc. 14: Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Bali, Feb. 24, Doc. 15: 9 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Manila, June 24-26,

6 Doc. 16: 10 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Singapore, July 5-8, Doc. 17: Meeting of the ASEAN Heads of Government (2 nd (2 nd Summit), Kuala Lumpur, August 4-5, Doc. 18: 11 th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Pattaya, Thailand, June 14-16, th CLASS ASEAN s Diplomatic Offensive in the Third Indochina War, Sept. 25, 2014: Brunei s Entry into ASEAN in 1984 Submission of Research Paper Proposal Readings: Palmer and Reckford, Building ASEAN, Chpt. 6. John Funston, The Third Indochina War and Southeast Asia Contemporary Southeast Asia, 1:3 (December 1979), Russell H. Fifield, ASEAN, Kampuchea and the United Nations, Asia Pacific Community: A Quarterly Review, 17 (Summer 1982), Doc. 19: Declaration of the Admission of Brunei Darussalam into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Jakarta, January 7, Doc. 20: ASEAN Foreign Ministers Call for a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Kampuchean Problem, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, July 3, th CLASS The Structure and Organization of ASEAN, Oct. 2, 2014: ASEAN s Third Summit Meeting, Manila, December 15, Review for Midterm Exam on ASEAN Readings: Doc. 21: Agreement between the Government of Indonesia & ASEAN relating to the Privileges and Immunities of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, Jan. 20, Doc. 22: Protocol Amending the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Manila, Dec. 15,

7 Doc. 23: Protocol Amending the Agreement of the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Bandar Seri Begawan, July 4, Doc. 24: Manila Declaration of 1987, Manila, Dec. 15, \ (ASEAN s 3 rd Summit Meeting). Donald K. Emmerson, ASEAN as an International Regime Journal of International Affairs, 41: 1 (Summer/Fall 1987), th CLASS MID-TERM EXAM ON ASEAN FROM (6:30pm 8:00pm) Oct. 9, 2014 Intra-ASEAN and Extra-ASEAN Trade to ASEAN s Dialogue Partners Readings: Palmer and Reckford, Building ASEAN, Chpts Rolf J. Langhammer, ASEAN Economic Co-operation: A Stock- Taking from a Political Economy Point of View, ASEAN Economic Bulletin (November 1991), th CLASS ASEAN Policies Oct. 16, 2014 ASEAN s Fourth Summit Meeting, Singapore, Readings: Bilson Kurus, The ASEAN Triad: National Interest, Consensus-Seeking, and Economic Co-operation, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 16:4 (March 1995), Michael Antolik, The ASEAN Regional Forum: The Spirit of Constructive Engagement, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 16:2 (September 1994), Robin Ramcharan, ASEAN and Non-interference: A Principle Maintained Contemporary Southeast Asia, 22: 1 (April 2000), Doc. 25: ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, Manila, Philippines, July 22, Doc.26: Protocol Amending the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Manila, Philippines, July 22,

8 9 th CLASS ASEAN s Growing Membership: The Entry of Vietnam in 1995, Laos Oct. 23, 2014: & Burma (Myanmar) in 1997, & Cambodia in ASEAN s Fifth Summit Meeting in Bangkok, Readings: Sukhumbhand Paribatra, From ASEAN Six to ASEAN Ten: Issues and Prospects, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 16: 3 (December 1994), Allan Goodman, Vietnam and ASEAN: Who Would Have Thought It Possible?, Asian Survey, 36: 6 (June 1996), Simon J. Hay, The 1995 ASEAN Summit: Scaling a Higher Peak, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 18: 3 (December 1996), th CLASS ASEAN and Security Issues Oct. 30, 2014: Class Discussion on Cooperation and Tension Within ASEAN Readings: L. Smith and D.M. Jones, ASEAN, Asian Values and Southeast Asian Security in the New World Order, Contemporary Security Policy, 18: 3 (December 1997), Malcolm Chalmers, ASEAN and Confidence Building: Continuity and Change after the Cold War, Contemporary Security Policy, 18: 1 (April 1997), Simon S. C. Tay with Obood Talib, The ASEAN Regional Forum: Preparing for Preventive Diplomacy, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 19:3 (December 1997), Shawn Narine, ASEAN and the ARF, Asian Survey, 37: 10 October 1997), Ian James Storey, Creeping Assertiveness: China, the Philippines and the South China Sea Dispute, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21:1 (April 1999), th CLASS ASEAN and the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, & Solutions Nov. 6, 2014:. 8

9 Readings: Sheldon W. Simon, The ASEAN Economic Crisis and ASEAN Political and Security Concerns, International Studies Notes, 23:3 (Fall 1998), 1-7. David B. H. Denoon and Evelyn Colbert, Challenges for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Pacific Affairs, 71: 4 (1998), Crossroads for ASEAN: At 30 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations embraces an entire region and braces for bigger trials in coming years, Asia Week (December 12, 1997), 35-37; John Funston, ASEAN: Out of its Depth?, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 20:1 (April 1998), Michael Wesley, The Asian Crisis and the Adequacy of Regional Institutions, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21:1 (April 1999), th CLASS ASEAN and Recent Challenges Nov. 13, 2014 Readings: John Funston, Challenges Facing ASEAN in a More Complex Age, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21:2 (August 1999), Maria Ressa, Uncovering Southeast Asia s Jihad Network Oct. 29, (A three-part CNN Special Report on Terrorism in Southeast Asia). Doc. 27: Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, Phnom Penh, Nov. 4, Doc. 28: Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II) Oct. 7, 2003, Bali, Indonesia. Michael E. Jones, Forging an ASEAN Identity: The Challenge to Construct a Shared Destiny, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 26:1 (April 2004), Doc. 29: Chairman s Statement of the 11 th ASEAN Summit, Dec.12, 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. United States Relations with ASEAN at Thirty, and The 9

10 State of U.S.-ASEAN Relations, East-West Center Asia-Pacific Bulletin, No. 1, Nov November 20, 2014: NO CLASS: LIBRARY RESEARCH November 27, 2014: NO CLASS: THANKSGIVING BREAK LAST CLASS Dec. 4, 2014 Latest Developments in ASEAN ASEAN s Strengths and Weaknesses Submission of Research Papers Readings: Dominic McGoldrick (ed), The ASEAN Charter, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 58 (Jan. 2009), Doc. 30: Ambassador Barry Desker, Where the ASEAN Charter Comes up Short, The Straits Times, July 18, Doc. 31: Prof. Tommy Koh, Not Perfect but Charter is a Good Start on Road to Regional Progress, The Straits Times, July 21, Alice Ba, Systemic Neglect? A Reconsideration of US-Southeast Asia Policy, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 31:3 (2009), Doc. 32: Craig Whitlock, U.S. Seeks Return to Southeast Asian Bases, The Washington Post, June 23, 2012, pp. A1 and A4. Doc. 33: ASEAN in Crisis: Divided We Stagger. Can Indonesia Heal the Deepening Rifts in Southeast Asia?, The Economist, August , pp Ravichandran Moorthy and Guido Benny, Is an ASEAN Community Achievable? A Public Perception Analysis in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore on the Perceived Obstacles to Regional Community, Asian Survey, Vol. 52, No. 6 (Nov./Dec. 2012), MALS and DLS students are responsible for upholding the Georgetown University Honor System and adhering to the academic standards included in the Honor Code Pledge stated below: Honor Code: 10

11 In the pursuit of the high ideals and rigorous standards of academic life, I commit myself to respect and uphold the Georgetown University Honor System: To be honest in any academic endeavor; and to conduct myself honorably, as a responsible member of the Georgetown community, as we live and work together. Disabilities Statement If you believe that you have a disability, then you should contact the Academic Resources Center (arc@georgetown.edu) for further information. The Center is located in the Leavey Center, Suite 335. The Academic Resource Center is the campus office responsible for reviewing documentation provided by students with disabilities and for determining reasonable accommodation in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and University policies. 11