Lecture 1 Korea University SHIN, Jae Hyeok (Assistant Professor)

Transcription

1 Lecture 1 Korea University SHIN, Jae Hyeok (Assistant Professor) The Origins and the Evolution of ASEAN In this lecture I would address two questions. First, why did five Southeast Asian states Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand found ASEAN in the first place? Second, why did those founding members choose to admit five new members to the organization, whose political and economic conditions differed widely from those of the founders, which hinders further integration of ASEAN? On the origins of ASEAN (first question), roughly two theoretical camps have evolved. One argues that a successful regional organization emerged in Southeast Asia because states in that region shared many similarities in history and culture. The other puts more emphasis on political and economic necessities of those states during the Cold War era. I will compare and assess the validity of the arguments and evidence of those two camps. On the evolution of ASEAN (second question), I will talk about the different trajectories of ASEAN and EU. ASEAN is far less integrated than EU, because ASEAN s founding members increased heterogeneity within the organization admitting widely different states, while EU s counterparts suppressed internal heterogeneity admitting new members only in similar political, economic conditions. I will explore what made the differences. 1) How did the origins of ASEAN affect its trajectory afterwards? 2) What should be done to promote further integration among the ASEAN states? 4. References 1) Nesadurai, Helen E. S "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)." New Political Economy 13 (2): ) Murray, Philomena "Comparative regional integration in the EU and East Asia: Moving beyond integration snobbery." International Politics 47 (3/4): Jae Hyeok Shin is an assistant professor of political science & international relations at Korea

2 University. He teaches courses in political institutions, quantitative methods, and Southeast Asian politics. He received his Ph.D. in political science from University of California, Los Angeles in His research interests include electoral systems, parties, legislative politics, and political/economic development in new democracies especially in East and Southeast Asia. His works have appeared in journals including Party Politics, Political Science Quarterly, Democratization, and Journal of East Asian Studies. Lecture 2 Waseda University URATA, Shujiro (Professor) ASEAN Economic Community (AEC): Current Situation and Future Prospects ASEAN consists of ten Southeast Asian countries, which are diverse in many respects including the size of population, land areas, the level of economic development, etc. Despite such diversity, ASEAN was formed mainly for political reasons in It was in the 1970s, when ASEAN member countries began economic cooperation. Early attempts were not successful. ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), which was one of the first regional economic integration schemes in East Asia, was established in 1992 At that time, very few observers thought that it would be successful. However, AFTA made substantial progress and it achieved the objective of establishing a free trade environment among the ASEAN members before the original target date. Indeed, ASEAN countries continued to make progress toward regional economic integration, resulting in establishment of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in Construction of AFTA appears to have contributed to economic growth of ASEAN countries and it enabled ASEAN countries to take an initiative in forming regional economic framework in East Asia. In light of these developments and the importance of regional economic integration in ASEAN, this lecture is expected to contribute to students deepening understanding of regional economic integration of ASEAN. 1) What are the motivations behind ASEAN s pursuit of promoting institutional regional economic integration? 2) Has ASEAN achieved its objective of achieving economic growth through promoting regional economic integration?

3 4. References 1) Pangestu, Mari, and Lili Ing (2015) ASEAN: Regional Integration and Reforms ERIA Discussion Paper ) ERIA (2014) ASEAN Rising: ASEAN and AEC Beyond 2015 Whole Report Chapter 1: ASEAN and AEC: Progress and Challenges Shujiro Urata is Professor of Economics at Graduate School Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University. He is also Research Fellow at the Japanese Centre for Economic Research (JCER), Faculty Fellow at the Research Institute of Economy, Trade & Industry (RIETI), and Senior Research Adviser for the Executive Director of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) in Jakarta. Professor Urata received his B.A. in Economics from Keio University in 1973 and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics at Stanford University in 1976 and He is a former Research Associate at the Brookings Institution, an Economist at the World Bank. He specializes in International Economics and Economics of Development. He has held a number of research and advisory positions including senior advisor to the Government of Indonesia, consultant to the World Bank, OECD, the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Japan. He published and edited a number of books on international economic issues and is an author and co-author of numerous articles in professional journals. His book publications in English include Multinationals and Economic Growth in East Asia, co-editor, Routledge, 2006, Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific, co-editor, World Scientific, 2010, Economic Consequences of Globalization: Evidence from East Asia, co-editor, Routledge,2012, and others. Lecture 3 Thammasat University PARIBATRA, Pinitbhand (Lecturer) ASEAN Political-Security Community: Evolution and Challenges The lecture focuses on the evolution of the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC). To begin with, it briefly overviews the political and security landscape of Southeast Asia in the post-cold War and how it has influenced the establishment of the APSC. Then, it highlights key issues and road mapped cooperation within the political and security pillar of ASEAN. The lecture will then introduce the concept of soft legalization in order to examine and analyze the

4 realization of the APSC afterward. It also discusses ongoing challenges against the principles of comprehensive security as indicated in the APSC Blueprint. Selected case studies such as conflicts in the South China Sea will be raised for discussions to evaluate the possibilities of achieving the goal of the APSC. 1) Given domestic political constraints within and differences of political regimes among ASEAN countries, how can the subscription to the principle of comprehensive security be achieved? 2) How does a "non-legal binding" style of cooperation within ASEAN contribute to the building of APSC and resolve challenging political and security issues in the region? 4. References 1) Mely Caballero-Anthony (2014) Understanding ASEAN's centrality: bases and prospects in an evolving regional architecture, The Pacific Review, 27:4, , 2) Miles Kahler (2000) Legalization as Strategy: The Asia-Pacific Case, International Organization, 54: 3, Dr.M.L.Pinitbhand Paribatra is a lecturer in international relations and the Director of the International Program in Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University. He received his B.A. degree in political science from Thammasat University and his M.A. degree in Southeast Asian Studies from Chulalongkorn University. He hold a doctorate degree in political science from Northern Illinois University, IL, USA. He also serves as a co-coordinator of the ASEAN Watch Project, funded by Thailand Research Fund. His research interests include Thailand s foreign policy, border conflicts between Thailand and its neighbors, Myanmar s politics and international relations, and ASEAN. Lecture 4 Nanyang Technological University KOGA, Kei (Assistant Professor) Beyond 2015: ASEAN Political Security Community and Regional Power Shift

5 ASEAN s aspiration for establishing the security community has existed since its inception in 1967, and significantly accelerated in the 2000s. In 2003, the Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II) aimed to establish the ASEAN Security Community (ASC) by The 2004 Vientiane Action Programme (VAP) added the political cooperation as the important elements for achieving an ASEAN community, and ASEAN incorporated the political aspects into the concept of ASC, resulting in the ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC). As the 2007 ASEAN summit decided to accelerate its community building efforts by 2015, APSC is also to be established in Now, the year 2016 comes. Apparently, the community building efforts will not end there but continue beyond However, there are many challenges ahead. Particularly, the shifting strategic environment largely deriving from the rise of China poses the greatest challenge to the region given that the tensions among East Asian states several ASEAN states and regional great powers are constantly rising in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. In this sense, how does ASEAN cope with these challenges through the ASEAN regional community-building? This lecture explores the past, present, and future of ASEAN s security community-building efforts. 1) How can ASEAN Political-Security Community (or ASEAN community in general) mitigate the geo-political tension caused by the regional power shift in East Asia? 2) How can you assess the success and failure of the ASEAN political security community in terms of security cooperation in East Asia? What is the future prospect of the ASEAN Political Security Community? 4. References 1) Amitav Acharya, ASEAN 2030: Challenges of Building a Mature Political and Security Community ADBI Workign Paper Series, October ) Ian Tsung-Yen Chen & Alan Hao Yang, A harmonized Southeast Asia? Explanatory typologies of ASEAN countries strategies to the rise of China, The Pacific Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (2013): Dr. Kei Koga is Assistant Professor in the Public Policy & Global Affairs Programme, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. His current

6 research focuses on IR theory, International Security, International Institutions, East Asian security, including transformation of U.S.-bilateral security networks and ASEAN led institutions. Previously, he was a Japan-U.S. Partnership Fellow at the Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS), Tokyo; the Postdoctoral Fellow in the International Studies Program, the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School; a Vasey Fellow at the Pacific Forum CSIS in ; and the RSIS-MacArthur visiting associate fellow at the RSIS, NTU in He has published on topics that include East Asian security, U.S. and Japanese foreign policies, the U.S.-Japan alliance, and ASEAN. He received a Ph.D. in International Relations at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Lecture 5 Peking University CHU, Xiaobo (Associate Professor) The Changing Chinese Perceptions of ASEAN Community Relations between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have undergone significant changes over the past 50 years. Mao Zedong considered ASEAN as the running dog of American imperialism since it was designed to contain communism China in1960s. But Deng Xiaoping visited Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore in November of 1978 to lobby against Vietnam s accession to ASEAN in order to stop ASEAN turning to the Soviet Union s Asian Security System. China-ASEAN relationship has developed quite quickly after the Cold War. The success of Tiger Cub Economies stimulated and encouraged China to make new progress in advancing reform, opening up and building a modernized country. The turning point came when Asian economy was heavily damaged by the financial crisis, China and ASEAN became partner to nurture East Asia regional integration after ASEAN-China Free Trade Area is not just meaningful in an economic level, but also a critical step for China s integration into the East Asian regionalization. China had set her foreign affair guideline as great powers are key factors, neighboring countries are the priorities, developing countries are fundamentals, and multilateral institutions are stages, ASEAN have been one of the most important area for China. 1) What kind of role ASEAN will play in the process of East Asia regional integration? 2) How to advance the ASEAN Community to East Asia Community?

7 4. References 1) Alice D. Ba, CHINA AND ASEAN: Renavigating Relations of a 21 st -Centruy Asia 2) Gerald Chan, China Eyes ASEAN: Evolving Multilateralism, Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 2(1), pp Dr. Chu Xiaobo was born on December 8th 1971 in Shandong province, China. He is an associate professor of the School of International Studies, Peking University and Director of Institute of Afro-Asian Studies. He has been a standing trustee of the Chinese Association for Japanese Studies since Dr. Chu s scholarly interests cover Chinese foreign policy, Japanese foreign policy and Northeast Asian Studies. He has published numerous works, including The Herald from Chinese-barbarian to World System (Peking University Press 2008) and about 60 papers in these fields.