Cross-topic Exploration 1:

Transcription

1 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people Cross-topic Exploration 1: Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people Issue of Exploration: Is the financial tsunami harmful to Hong Kong people s quality of life? (Corresponding to Personal Development and Interpersonal Relationships, Hong Kong Today, Modern China, and Public Health ) Steps for Exploration... 4 Step 1: Selection of enquiry areas and/or theme... 5 Step 2: Collection of data... 6 Step 3: Organization of data collected... 8 Step 4: Analysis of data collected... 9 Issue in Focus 1: How are adolescents in Hong Kong responding to the financial tsunami? (Corresponding to Personal Development and Interpersonal Relationships ) Issue in Focus 2: Is the financial tsunami harmful to Hong Kong people s quality of life? (Corresponding to Hong Kong Today ) Issue in Focus 3: How does the central government assist Hong Kong people in the face of the financial tsunami? (Corresponding to Modern China ) Issue in Focus 4: How does the financial tsunami worsen the health of Hong Kong people? (Corresponding to Public Health ) Step 5: Evaluation of different viewpoints, drawing a conclusion Step 6: Presentation of results and production of the product Extended Readings Suggested Answers... 16

2 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people

3 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration The Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis which originated from the US in early 2007 not only caused tremendous turmoil to the financial system in the US, it rippled across other regions ferociously under global economic integration. As the American housing market weakened, the Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis intensified and led to the financial tsunami. On September 2008, many large American financial firms collapsed. In October, stock markets around the world slumped. The credit bubble burst and the instability of the financial markets began to affect the economy. Enterprises were closed down, people were laid off, and investment became weak and global trade decreased. The risk of the global economy entering into a recession increased, and various national governments carried out numerous measures to prevent the economy from going into recession. Since the beginning of the financial tsunami, Hong Kong economic growth had slowed down. According to annual growth calculations, the real GDP growth of Hong Kong dropped to 1.7% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, much lower than the growth of 4.2% recorded in the 2nd quarter. Chief Executive Donald Tsang had said that the current financial crisis impacts to Hong Kong would not be less than the Asian Financial Crisis in He predicted that it would be difficult to avoid negative growth in In addition, many enterprises were closed down, and many employees were laid off. The phenomenon is especially serious in the financial and retail sectors. For example, in late September 2008, a bank run occurred at the Bank of East Asia in Hong Kong. In October, many long-running local chain fashion stores and electronic appliance stores announced their closure, reflecting economic instability in Hong Kong. The power of the financial tsunami has rippled across the globe with increasing effect. Most people only see its impact on the economic aspects, but otherwise, how are the lives of people from different classes being affected by the financial tsunami? This is a problem of personal concern and worthy of exploration. Steps for Exploration To explore the topic of impacts of the financial tsunami on Hong Kong people s lives, students may refer to the following steps: First, set the area and topic of enquiry. Students may make use of different methods to stimulate thinking, for instance, identify a topic by drawing a mind map or discussing with classmates. Then, collect relevant data according For detailed procedures and skills related to the project learning of Liberal S t u d i e s, p l e a s e r e f e r t o t h e S c h o o l - b a s e d Assessment Resources Pack.

4 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people to the topic. Students should try to explore different types of data, such as newspapers and magazines, journals, web resources, etc, so as to enrich their information portfolio. After collecting a certain amount of data, preliminarily organize and analyze the data. Students should analyze the data according to the focuses of the exploration. Finally, students have to evaluate the different views related to the issue in order to draw a conclusion, as well as to prepare a brief project report to express their opinions. Personal Development and Interpersonal Relationships Step 1: Selection of enquiry areas and/or theme Theme 1: Understanding oneself There are many news reports about the financial tsunami. Students may choose news reports that are most able to reflect the changes in Hong Kong people s lives as the sources of exploration. With reference to the mind map below, put down the relationship between the financial tsunami and the various Liberal Studies modules. Students need to think about the issues or the key area they want to focus on in this topic. For example: Hong Kong Today Theme 1: Quality of life Modern China Theme 1: China s reform and opening-up Public Health Theme 1: Understanding of public health Based on the area of enquiry and with reference to the content of the above mind map, identify an issue of exploration, for instance: Is the financial tsunami harmful to Hong Kong people s quality of life? S t u d e n t s m a y s e t t h e direction and issue of exploration according to their own interests and abilities. The issue on the left is only for reference.

5 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration Step 2: Collection of data Students should think about what sort of data or methods they can use in response to the issue. Then, collect relevant sources, both primary and secondary, through different channels. Easy access to secondary sources includes web surfing, reading newspapers, magazines, books and reference materials on Liberal Studies. Students can even obtain primary sources by conducting interviews. From their interviewees, they may know the opinions of people from all walks of life on the financial tsunami, and analyze how their lives have changed under economic hardship. Data to be collected should include concepts or glossary related to the financial tsunami, as well as the data related to the impacts of the financial tsunami on Hong Kong people s quality of life: a. Relevant Concepts / Glossary Financial tsunami The Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis was the spark that started the financial tsunami. Other than hurting the American economy, it affected countries around the world under the integration of the global economy. It started a series of financial problems and is continuing to cause damage to the global economy. Globalization Theme: Impact of globalization and related responses Topic 3 Economic dimension of globalization Quality of life This is individuals perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person s physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and their relationship to the salient features of their environment. H o n g K o n g To d a y Theme 1: Quality of Life Topic 1 Definition of the quality of life The perspectives for measuring the quality of life It may be measured according to objective statistics or subjective judgment based on the economic, social, cultural, political and environmental aspects. Hong Kong people s opinions on the quality of life can change as costs and benefits to individuals, social groups, the government and even the international community change. H o n g K o n g To d a y Theme 1: Quality of Life Topic 2 Measuring Hong Kong s quality of life from different perspectives Resilience It is within the natural capacity of human beings to adapt to crisis or adversity. In the face of the financial tsunami, which was a blow to various aspects of life, Hong Kong people need to adapt to the challenge, and prevent or overcome the harm it brings to individuals, families and the community. Personal Development a n d I n t e r p e r s o n a l Relationships Theme 1: Understanding Oneself Topic 4 Acquisition and development of life skills

6 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people Unemployment rate It refers to the proportion of the unemployed in the labour force. Before the financial tsunami (August to October 2008), Hong Kong s unemployment rate was 3.5%. By September to November, the number increased to 3.8%; it was the greatest increase since the SARS outbreak in H o n g K o n g To d a y Theme 1: Quality of Life Topic 2 Measuring Hong Kong s quality of life from different perspectives b. Relevant Events Students may collect data on the impacts of the financial tsunami on Hong Kong people s quality of life from the Internet, newspapers and magazines, periodicals, reference books for Liberal Studies, TV programmes, editorials, etc. For instance: A1 Local Daily News 11 January 2009 Financial tsunami : 40% of people have trouble sleeping A1 Local Daily News 27 December 2008 Brands and Products Expo Fair a success despite the financial tsunami Number of visitors record broken Over $270 million of sales news.gov.hk Hu Jintao: the HKSAR government is fully supported The financial tsunami will last for quite some time and the central government will continue to fully support the SAR government as Hong Kong s backup. A3 Local Daily News 28 December 2008 Half of the people worried about unemployment Consumption is reduced c. Extended Learning Reference Websites 香港政府一站通網頁 : 經濟機遇委員會 新浪網 ( 香港 ).. 金融海嘯席捲全球 專題網頁 財政司司長曾俊華的網誌.. 金融海嘯 : 與 Baby boomers 互勉 Students may refer to the websites and the books listed on the left for a better understanding of the lives of people in and outside Hong Kong under the financial tsunami, as well as the change of the life pattern.

7 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration Reference Books Cooper, George. The Origin of Financial Crises: Central Banks, Credit Bubbles, and the Efficient Market Fallacy. New York: Knopf Publishing Group, 嚴行方著 : 直面金融海嘯..全球金融危機及中國應對, 北京 : 金城出版社, 2009 年 Step 3: Organization of data collected After collecting a certain amount of data, preliminarily organize the data. To grasp a basic understanding of the relationship between the financial tsunami and Hong Kong people s living, as well as the impacts it has, students may link up all the related events with several indexes measuring the quality of life, like the social condition, economic situation, medical health, education and culture, as well as civic awareness, in order to sort out the impacts of the financial tsunami on the different aspects of Hong Kong people s quality of life. For instance: Education Economic downturn affected parentsʼ school choices Under the depressed economy, a number of parents chose famous government schools and subsidized schools, to avoid the high tuitions of direct subsidized schools. Mrs. Chan, the interviewee, said that as family income has decreased because of the financial tsunami, she hesitated to pay the high tuition of direct subsidized school for her son. She thus planned to choose famous government or subsidized school. However, Mrs. Chan still insisted on spending 3,000 dollars a month for her son to attend interest classes like tennis, painting and violin classes. Transportation Tunnel fee increased in bad economy Citizens were tormented The Tai Lam Tunnel increased the fees under the financial tsunami. The tunnel fee of private cars increased from 28 dollars to 30 dollars, while that of vehicles such as lorries and buses increased about 10%. Councillors criticized the tunnel company for being short-sighted to increase the tunnel fee while having 200 million dollars profit this year. The relevant sector pointed out that the income of drivers has already decreased under the bad economy; the increase in tunnel fees would further increase their burden. Employment Unemployment rate in Hong Kong rose under the financial tsunami The problem of unemployment deteriorated in Hong Kong. The unemployment rate in September to November 2008 was 3.8%, it increased by 0.3% from the last time. There were 136,400 people added to the unemployed. The government estimated further growth in the unemployment rate in future months. This is guaranteed to foster the infrastructure construction and repair projects, to create more employment opportunities. Health Bad economy leads to worse mental health? A survey revealed that citizens mental health deteriorated under the financial tsunami. A number of men were pessimistic towards the economic outlook, and also hesitated to let their wives work outside. They frequently became bad-tempered and sleepless. Family relationships worsened, but they dared not seek help to keep their face. Psychiatrists suggested citizens talk with others, or seek help from professionals, when having emotional distress.

8 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people Consumption Fewer Hong Kong people travel outside and spend in festivals Traditionally, Christmas and Lunar New Year are the peak season for Hong Kong people to travel outside and spend money. However, in the face of the financial tsunami, as well as layoffs and pay cuts, a survey revealed that most citizens would stay and spend in Hong Kong. Only a few would travel outside, and half of them would go to places where the costs of travel are expected to be less. For those staying and spending in Hong Kong, consumption would be more cautious. People would buy ordinary food instead of clothing and dried seafood. They would even buy after comparison shopping. Apart from dividing the events into different aspects, students may also browse the Internet to search for reports of the changes to Hong Kong people s life pattern under the financial tsunami. They may include the process of immediate government policies, case studies of the public, and comments from professionals a n d s c h o l a r s. T h e m a i n points of the data can then be summarized and organized, and used in the exploration. After the data is properly organized, students may illustrate the keywords or concepts related to this issue by drawing a mind map for a more in-depth analysis in the next step. For instance: Step 4: Analysis of data collected After organizing the collected data, students may identify several exploration focuses corresponding to the various modules of Liberal Studies (for example, Personal Development and Interpersonal Relationships, Hong Kong Today, Modern China and Public Health ), analyze the data from different perspectives, and clarify the related focuses of the issue of exploration. For instance, they may conduct focused exploration on the impacts of the financial tsunami on the growth of adolescents, the change of economic and health conditions of Hong Kong people, and the supporting measures from the central government.

9 10 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration Issue in Focus 1: How are adolescents in Hong Kong responding to the financial tsunami? Read the following sources carefully, and then think about the relevant questions. Source 1 Personal Development a n d I n t e r p e r s o n a l Relationships A1 Local Daily News 6 January 2009 Sustaining lives in adversities University students willing to work for $6,000 a month A job fair involving several companies was held yesterday. Besides those from the middle management laid off under the financial tsunami, applicants included a number of university graduates. These young people claimed that the economy was bad, and they were unemployed for several months; there was no response after sending out lots of application letters. An applicant aged 22 claimed that he no longer cared about salary; he was willing to accept an offer of only 6,000 dollars. In addition, an organization concerned with adolescent affairs said the government should provide stronger protection to adolescents employment and study, to prevent them from losing both study and career, and hence increasing the problem of drug abuse. (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 22 December 2008 and 6 January 2009.) Source 2 A3 Local Daily News 29 December 2008 Survey found: parents facing adversity optimistically helps children to take on challenges bravely A university conducted panel research and found that parents who faced adversities with a correct view of life, including ʻpositively face the problemʼ, ʻtry the best despite difficultiesʼ, helped children to develop good characters and habits. It also helped them to be mature, and face difficulties without fears. Scholars pointed out that the relationships between family members might change when the economy worsens. Hence, it is even more important to maintain family harmony at this time. Parents being strong in times of difficulty and help cultivate the belief and ability to fight against adversity and make their children tough and brave. (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 29 December 2008.) (a) (b) According to Source 1, what challenges will Hong Kong adolescents encounter under the financial tsunami? Referring to Source 2, how can Hong Kong adolescents deal with the problems brought by the financial tsunami on individuals and family? What are the current salient trends that pose particular challenges and opportunities to adolescents in Hong Kong and how do they respond to these trends? Why are different skills important for adolescents to make full use of present opportunities and prepare themselves for challenges such as adversities and major changes?

10 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people 11 Issue in Focus 2: Is the financial tsunami harmful to Hong Kong people s quality of life? Read the following sources carefully, and then think about the relevant questions. Hong Kong Today Source 3 Source 4 A1 Local Daily News 26 December 2008 Marriage registration reduced in Christmas Eve Short line tours became most popular in Christmas Citizensʼ plans of marriage and giving birth were affected under the financial tsunami. There were 113 couples who registered their marriages in the Marriage Registries. The number decreased by 20% as compared to last year. There was no application in the venues for holding wedding ceremonies under the Leisure and Cultural Services Department in Christmas Eve and the New Year. Couples preparing for their weddings to be held on Christmas Eve said the weddings and the related issues would be kept simple, in order to reduce unnecessary spending. They also pointed out that happiness is the most important thing in marriage. Besides, there were couples planning to postpone their plan of giving birth until five years later because they were not optimistic towards the economic outlook. People became more cautious in choosing tourist destinations when economy turned bad. A tourist agency claimed that a lot of citizens have chosen tours to the mainland and Southeast Asia, which are cheaper. Some citizens also admitted that they may spend less during the trips. According to the Immigration Department, there were 450 thousand outbound passengers until 10 p.m. of Christmas night. Most of the outbound passengers went to the mainland. (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 25 and 26 December 2008.)

11 12 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration (c) (d) According to Source 3, what kinds of influence has the financial tsunami had on Hong Kong people? Referring to Source 4 and according to your knowledge, how was Hong Kong people s consumption pattern affected under the financial tsunami? What are the different opinions of Hong Kong people on the priorities which constitute the quality of life? How can individuals or organizations contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the quality of life? What are the obstacles? Which groups of people are most affected if these obstacles are not removed? Issue in Focus 3: How does the central government assist Hong Kong people in the face of the financial tsunami? Read the following sources carefully, and then think about the relevant questions. Modern China Source 5 A1 Local Daily News 20 December 2008 The central government implemented 14 measures to support Hong Kong Under the financial tsunami, the central government implemented 14 measures for Hong Kong, including enhancing economic cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong; promoting infrastructure construction in the mainland and Hong Kong; propelling cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong; relieving pressure on small- and medium-sized enterprises; allowing Hong Kong companies to settle trade in RMB; agreeing on a currency swap between the mainland and Hong Kong, and capital may be provided to Hong Kong in times of need; expanding the Individual Visit Scheme; ensuring the stable supply of food, water, electricity and natural gas, etc. Premier Wen emphasized that the motherland will always provide backup to Hong Kong. The Chief Executive Donald Tsang claimed that the measures were all beneficial to both Hong Kong and the mainland; they help the country to develop her economy in the long run. (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 20 December 2008.) Source 6 A3 Local Daily News 20 December 2008 Individual Visit Scheme expanded 2.2 million Shenzhen residents can come to Hong Kong for several times The central government implemented 14 measures to support Hong Kong in the face of the financial tsunami. Shenzhen residents with hukou would be allowed to apply for multiple-entry visas to Hong Kong. An official of Shenzhen said the speed of approval could be adjusted if the Hong Kong government worried about too many visitors coming. The spokesman of the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau claimed that the measure could increase the number of mainland visitors, stimulate tourism and the retail industry in Hong Kong, and provide convenience for business between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, as well as help dealing with the financial tsunami.

12 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people 13 The Individual Visit Scheme was launched in July Until November 2008, there were 34 million Shenzhen residences visiting Hong Kong, accounting for 57% of the mainland visitors. Shenzhen is the city where the largest number of mainland visitors is from. Also, according to the statistics of the Security Bureau since 2003, the proportion of mainland visitors violating the limits of stay, such as participating in illegal employment and prostitution, is very low. (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 20 December 2008.) (e) (f) According to Source 5, how does the central government solve the problems of Hong Kong brought by the financial tsunami? Referring to the sources, what are the positive and negative impacts of the assistance from the central government on Hong Kong people s quality of life? How has the way of life been changed across the whole country? How has the Central People s Government dealt with the effects of reform and openingup? Issue in Focus 4: How does the financial tsunami worsen the health of Hong Kong people? Read the following sources carefully, and then think about the relevant questions. Public Health Source 7 An organization has interviewed 1,058 people to investigate their health condition under the financial tsunami. Below are some of the results: Physical or mental problems that respondents claim occur sometimes and usually Symptom Percentage 1 Feeling that some of the things cannot be expected 46.9% 2 Mental pressures exist continually 36.0% 3 Being extremely depressed 34.8% 4 Making oneself always tired 31.8% 5 Feeling sick 31.2% 6 Not in good physical condition 30.4% 7 Difficult to have a good sleep 29.1% 8 Handling matters in improper ways 29.4% 9 Unable to play important roles 29.3% 10 Having an extremely bad mental condition 27.9% Having a headache 27.9% (Source: Hong Kong Young Women s Christian Association, Survey on the mental condition of both sexes in Hong Kong under the financial tsunami, 11 January 2009.)

13 14 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration Source 8 A3 Local Daily News 8 January 2009 Financial Tsunami Syndrome emerged Rapid increase of people seeking consultation because of cervical vertebra displacement Recently, a lot of white collar workers have suffered from shoulder and neck pain, waist pain, headaches and insomnia because of working for a long time in offices. A chiropractic doctor pointed out that there were more employees from the financial and property sectors, who were under pressures, that suffered from shoulder and neck pain, and the number of people suffering cervical vertebra displacement ( 頸椎錯位 ) increased 20%. In addition, the Hospital Authority estimated that the number of people seeking consultation because of emotional illnesses and anxiety will increase by a large extent. It plans to allot an extra 10 million dollars to establish mental health clinics in the seven networks of hospitals, in order to provide treatments to citizens with potential mental illnesses. It is estimated they will deal with 300 cases each month, and new resources will be sought to enlarge the service if necessary. (g) (h) (Source: adapted from reports of several local newspapers dated 19 December 2008 and 8 January 2009.) According to the sources, what are the impacts of the financial tsunami on Hong Kong people s health? Referring to (g), how should the government maintain Hong Kong people s healthy living under the economic crisis? Step 5: Evaluation of different viewpoints, drawing a conclusion By analyzing the above data, students understand the change in Hong Kong people s quality of life, as well as the rescue measures from the Hong Kong and central governments. Then, students can evaluate the different points of view of the data, and draw a conclusion according to their judgment. For instance: Conclusion How is people s understanding of health affected by economic, social and other factors? In what ways is people s understanding of public health affected by health information, social expectations, personal values and beliefs in different cultures? The financial tsunami has made adolescents worry about their outlook; they might also suffer from different kinds of emotional illnesses when facing problems like unemployment and discontinued schooling. Under the financial tsunami, the economic conditions of Hong Kong people generally worsened, and their consumption patterns also became cautious. A number of Hong Kong people have suffered from mental and physical problems under the financial tsunami. The central government and the Hong Kong government have already proposed relevant measures in order to assist Hong Kong people to deal with the financial tsunami.

14 Impacts of the financial tsunami on the lives of Hong Kong people 15 Step 6: Presentation of results and production of the product Finally, students need to produce a brief report of their own points of view by summarizing all the collected data and based on the above conclusion. It may be presented in the form of an article (approximately 500 words), a PowerPoint presentation or a video record, etc. Drawing a conclusion with reference to the results obtained from the above s t e p s, a s w e l l a s t h e understanding of different topics in Liberal Studies. Extended Readings Reference Websites 黃偉國 : 廢紙搶奪戰 : 金融海嘯下的草根悲歌, 載自 BBC 中文網 : 葉國華 : 五十年後金融海嘯下優化中國人民素質, 載自新浪網 ( 香港 ) 金融海嘯席捲全球 專題網頁 : Reference Books 林一鳴著 : 猴子的戲法不靈了 金融海嘯的前因後果與機遇, 香港 : 經要文化出版有限公司, 2008 年 涼熱著 : 金融海嘯下的危與機, 香港 :Publications Pte Ltd., 2008 年 黃榮燦著 : 金融海嘯, 台北 : 台海文化傳播事業有限公司, 2008 年

15 16 Handbook for Cross-topic Exploration Suggested Answers (a) Under the financial tsunami, adolescents may face the problem that they are unable to enter the labour market, as well as unemployment, when the economy turns bad. Also, the self-esteem of adolescents will be affected because they cannot find jobs. Even worse, they may take drugs because of losing both their studies and career. This may lead to the problem of drug abuse. (b) Free answers. For example, pointing out that Hong Kong adolescents should develop a correct view of life, positively face their problems, enhance their ability to fight against adversities, and develop good characters and life skills so that they can overcome challenges without fear. Also, they should develop good interpersonal relationships; for example, they should communicate with family members so that they may receive support in times of frustration. (c) The financial tsunami has caused the mental health of Hong Kong people to deteriorate, and thus is damaging the family harmony of Hong Kong people. Some people are holding negative attitudes towards their career outlooks because of the economy, while some are worried about being laid off and the livelihood of their family could not be sustained. They have become bad-tempered and anxious, and their relationships with family members are affected. (d) Under the financial tsunami, Hong Kong people have consumed with caution no matter in which aspect, but they have still tried to sustain their living standards. For example, Hong Kong people love travelling, so they choose tours to China, which are cheaper, instead of expensive tours to Europe and America. Also, they hold simple wedding to reduce unnecessary spending, pointing out that happiness is most important in marriage. (e) The central government has implemented 14 measures to support Hong Kong in economic hardship. The measures include propelling economic cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, relieving pressure on small- and medium-sized enterprises, agreeing on a currency swap between the mainland and Hong Kong, and expanding the Individual Visit Scheme, etc. (f) Free answers. For example, pointing out that positive impacts include benefiting from the central government s supporting measures, stimulating tourism and the retail industry in Hong Kong, fostering Hong Kong people to consume, and in the long run, providing convenience for business between the mainland and Hong Kong; and negative impacts include expanding the Individual Visit Scheme which increases the number of mainlanders coming to Hong Kong, worsening the pressure of the population, as well as the environmental pollution and criminal rate in Hong Kong. (g) Free answers. For example, pointing out that mental and physical health will both be affected. In the aspect of mental health, some Hong Kong people have encountered economic problems at the individual and family levels under the financial tsunami. They are suffering from pressure, depression and even insomnia. In the aspect of physical health, some Hong Kong people work for a long time in order to sustain their living; this has resulted in an increasing number of people suffering from physical illness. Common symptoms include shoulder and neck pain, waist pain and cervical vertebra displacement. (h) Free answers. For example, the government should provide stronger relevant community services, and more assistance for citizens to deal with the financial tsunami. Increasing the number of social workers can prevent the problem of domestic violence because of the work stress of family members. The government should also improve the medical service, for example, establishing more mental health clinics for people to seek mental health consultation.