Chapter 1: Minorities, Diversity, Multiculturalism, Globalization, & the

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1 Chapter 1: Minorities, Diversity, Multiculturalism, Globalization, & the Criminal Justice System Multiple Choice Questions 1. may be used to identify those who have been or are susceptible to unfair treatment by the dominant culture. a. Disparity status b. Restorative justice c. Minority status d. Victim status Page #: 5 2. The term minority refers to any group of people who possess. a. substantial political differences b. economic differences c. religious differences d. racial differences e. All of the above Answer: e Page #: 6 3. The largest number of immigrants, legal or illegal, coming into the United States are from. a. Mexico b. China c. Italy d. India Answer: a Page #: 8

2 4. In federal prisons, the number of criminal aliens incarcerated increased from about 42,000 at the end of 2001 to. a. 44,000 at the end of 2004 b. 49,000 at the end of 2004 c. 50,000 at the end of 2003 d. 50,000 at the end of 2004 Answer: b Page #: 16 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system. 5. The United States has struggled to make peace with which group/groups who have suffered historical trauma? a. Asians & Native Americans b. Native Americans & African Americans c. African Americans d. Latinos Answer: b Page #: The first true Americans were. a. Italians b. Mexicans c. Asians d. Native Americans Answer: d Page #: What caused the population of Native Americans to be decimated across the continent? a. Intertribal warfare b. Grutter v. Bollinger

3 c. Genocide d. Economy Page #: From the 1700s to the early 1900s the total Native American population dropped from around 12,000,000 people to. a. 25,000 people b. 500,000 people c. 50,000 people d. 250,000 people Answer: d Page #: consists of the cumulative psychological damage that identified groups of people suffer throughout multiple generations, becoming a shared group experience that, at least in part, defines that group s role in a society through the collective damage they have incurred. a. Victim culture b. Past transgressions c. Intergenerational trauma d. All of the above e. None of the above Page #: is the process where societies, cultures, and economies around the world have become integrated due to advances in communication and transportation technology, as well as the passage of laws and treaties that facilitate this integration. a. Racial diversity b. Globalization c. Multiculturalism d. International influx

4 e. Immigration Answer: b Page #: created a system where African Americans were forced to live separate from Caucasians, where in theory their existence was equal but, in reality, they were given discriminatory treatment and inadequate resources. a. The Strive Act b. The J.D. Jim Dandy Barham Separate but Equal Act c. Jim Crow laws d. None of the above Page #: The Strive Act and the Secure Fence Act are examples of how immigration has encouraged lawmakers to tighten and secure the porous borders of the United States. a. True b. False Answer: a Page #: In the case of, issues related to courthouse practices integrating Judeo-Christian overtones have been questioned and scrutinized. a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Grutter v. Bollinger c. Batson v. Kentucky d. McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky e. None of the above Answer: d Page #: 7

5 14. is a term that describes the existence of numerous racial groups within a given society. a. Racial diversity b. Globalization c. Multiculturalism d. International influx e. Immigration Answer: a Page #: According to Chapter 1, there are some genuine and distinct differences in the type of historical trauma that have affected Native Americans and African Americans that is more profound than that experienced by Latino Americans and Asian Americans. a. True b. False Answer: a Page #: Difficulty Level: Intermediate 16. The acronym NAFTA stands for which of the following? a. Native American Freedom Tribal Association b. National Association for Tribal Advocacy c. North American Free Trade Alliance d. None of the above Page #: Which U.S. Supreme Court case involved the death penalty being given to a Mexican citizen who was on death row in the state of Texas? a. Gomez v. Texas b. Gomila v. Texas c. Texas v. Rojas d. Medellin v. Texas e. None of the above

6 Page #: 15 Answer: d Page #: 15 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system. 18. It is estimated that among immigrants with lawful resident status, about percent are in the process of obtaining some type of permanent status. a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60 e. 70 Answer: d Page #: 8 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system. 19. refers to the policy-setting agenda to adopt equitable forms of consideration for distinct ethnic, religious, and racial groups without promoting any particular group as being dominant or central in identification. a. Diversity awareness b. Racial parity c. Multiculturalism d. All of the above e. None of the above Page #: 7 Learning Objective: Identify and discuss the terms minority, cultural diversity, and racial 20. Which Supreme Court case specifically examined laws set forth by the United Nations and cited the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination? a. Cutter v. United States b. McCreary County v. ACLU Kentucky c. Grutter v. Bollinger d. United States v. Arizona e. None of the above

7 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system.

8 Fill In The Blank Questions 1. The United States has often been referred to as the because it has historically been open to immigrants and cultural groups of many different types. Answer: Melting pot Page #: 7 2. are, to some degree, in a state of flux with resulting friction between groups who find themselves losing status and privilege within this new fabric and other groups who find that they have more social clout and capital than they did in times past. Answer: Cultural norms Page #: 7 3. The is a federal agency that tracks the movement of persons who enter and exit the borders of the United States. Answer: Department of Homeland Security Page #: 8 4. The emergence of the, which implemented 700 miles of high security fencing along the Mexican and United States border, demonstrated the desire of the nation to curtail illegal border crossings. Answer: Secure Fence Act of 2006 Page #: 9 5. The was proposed in Congress and this would have granted illegal immigrants who were already in the country a means to stay and obtain citizenship status.

9 Answer: Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 Page #: Currently, the agency charged with enforcing immigration laws, continues to be active in the vigorous enforcement of various border issues. Answer: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Page #: The population tends to be predominantly located in California, New York, Illinois (mainly Chicago), and various regions around the nation s capitol. Answer: Asian American Page #: or consists of the cumulative psychological damage that identified groups of people suffer throughout multiple generations, becoming a shared group experience that, at least in part, defines that group s role in a society through the collective damage they have incurred. Answer: Historical trauma or intergenerational trauma Page #: Of all the racial minorities that exist in the United States, it is the population who is most represented in the criminal justice system, both in terms of offenders and practitioners. Answer: African American Page #: 20 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system.

10 10. The use of created a system where African Americans were forced to live separate from Caucasians, where in theory their existence was equal but, in reality, they were given discriminatory treatment and inadequate resources. Answer: Jim Crow laws Page #: 22 Learning Objective: Discuss multiculturalism and explain how current immigration processes are increasing the need for this approach in our criminal justice system. Essay/Discussion Questions 1. Provide a discussion on historical/generational trauma. How does this type of trauma relate to Native Americans and African Americans? Answer: Page #: Difficulty Level: Difficult 2. Identify and discuss how globalization has impacted diversity within the United States. Be sure to discuss how macro-level acts and legislation has added to this social change, such as with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the development of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various court cases. Answer: Page #: 9 Learning Objective: Assess the likely future of the criminal justice system due to challenges within and without the nation s borders. Difficulty Level: Difficult 3. Provide a discussion on various challenges that the criminal justice system faces due to the rapid social changes in the United States. Answer: Assess the likely future of the criminal justice system due to challenges within and without the nation s borders.

11 Page #: Difficulty Level: Difficult