SOC 60. Historical and Comparative Methods
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1 SOC 60 Historical and Comparative Methods
2 Outline 1. Four Types of Historical Comparative Research 2. The Logic of Comparison J. S. Mills Two Methods 3. Data Used in Historical Comparative Research Available Secondary Data Sources Methodological Issues in Using Secondary Data Sources 4. Other Special Techniques
3 Four Types of Historical Comparative Research Comparison over time and space Cross-Sectional Historical Single Case Multiple Cases Historical Events Research Cross-Sectional Comparative Research Historical Process Research Comparative/ Historical Research
4 Question A study explaining the September 11, 2001 terror attack focusing on the social interactions among the participants is an example of A. Historical events reseach B. Historical process research C. Cross-sectional comparative research D. Historical comparative research
5 Happy Countries DENMARK 273 SWITZERLAND 273 AUSTRIA 260 ICELAND 260 BAHAMAS 257 FINLAND 257 SWEDEN 257 BHUTAN 253 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 253 CANADA 253 IRELAND 253 LUXEMBOURG 253 COSTA RICA 250 MALTA 250 NETHERLANDS 250 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 247 MALAYSIA 247 NEW ZEALAND 247 NORWAY 247 SEYCHELLES 247 ST KITTS AND NEVIS 247 UAE 247 USA 247 VANUATU 247 VENEZUELA 247 AUSTRALIA 243 BARBADOS 243 BELGIUM 243 DOMINICA 243 OMAN 243 SAUDI ARABIA 243 SURINAME 243 BAHRAIN 240 COLUMBIA 240 GERMANY 240 GUYANA 240 HONDURAS 240 KUWAIT 240 PANAMA 240 ST VINCENT AND THE 240 UNITED KINGDOM 237 Unhappy Countries HUNGARY 190 PALESTINE 180 SLOVAKIA TURKEY 177. IVORY COAST 150 NIGER 150 ERITREA 147 RWANDA 147 BULGARIA 143 LESOTHO 143 PAKISTAN 143 RUSSIA 143 SWAZILAND 140 GEORGIA 137 BELARUS 133 TURKMENISTAN 133 ARMENIA 123 SUDAN 120 UKRAINE 120 MOLDOVA 117 CONGO DEMOCRATIC 110 ZIMBABWE 110 BURUNDI 100 Source: Marks, N., Abdallah, S., Simms, A, Thompson, S. (2006).
6
7 Question The study of happiness in the world is an example of A. Historical events reseach B. Historical process research C. Cross-sectional comparative research D. Historical comparative research
8 The Logic of Comparison John Stuart Mill s Two Methods Method of agreement If the outcomes are the same, causes must be the same Method of difference If outcomes are different causes must be different
9 Question The fact that both Iceland (frigid island close to the Arctic Circle) and the Bahamas (a sunny, Caribbean country) are among the happiest countries in the world suggests that climate is not the cause of happiness. This is an illustration of A. Method of Agreement B. Method of Difference
10 Question The fact that both Haiti and the Bahamas are Caribbean countries with wonderful weather and beaches but one is among the poorest and the other is among the richest countries suggests that climate is not a real cause of affluence. This is an illustration of the A. Method of Agreement B. Method of Difference
11 Question What do you think is the best predictor of happiness?
12 Data Used in Historical Comparative US Bureau of the Census Bureau of Labor Statistics International Data sets Survey Data sets International Organizations (World Bank, ILO etc.) Research Secondary Data Sources Social Science Database DATA ARE OFTEN AVAILABLE ON THE WEB Methodological issues in using secondary data sources What was the original study's purpose? Who collected the data and what were her qualifications? What data were collected and what was it intended to measure? When was the information collected? What method was used in collecting the data? How consistent is the data with other sources? ALWAYS LOOK AT THE QUESTIONNAIRE IF POSSIBLE!
13 Other Special Techniques Demographic Analysis Archival Research Content Analysis Oral History
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