Statistical Appendix 2 for Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report March 1, 2018

Transcription

1 Statistical Appendix 2 for Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report 2018 March 1,

2 Table 1: Average ladder and number of observations by domestic or foreign born in surveys - Part 1 Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: # of obs. born: wp16 life today born: # of obs. Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born Standard error of the ratio born s avg. sourcecountry wp16 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Note: The wp16 (life today) ratio of foreign born to domestic born is calculated only for countries with at least 100 foreign-born observations. The standard errors of the ratios are calculated using the delta method. born s avg. source-country 2 wp16 is the weighted average of wp16 in their countries of birth.

3 Table 2: Average ladder and number of observations by domestic or foreign born in surveys - Part 2 Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: # of obs. born: wp16 life today born: # of obs. Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born Standard error of the ratio born s avg. sourcecountry wp16 Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Note: The wp16 (life today) ratio of foreign born to domestic born is calculated only for countries with at least 100 foreign-born observations. The standard errors of the ratios are calculated using the delta method. born s avg. source-country 3 wp16 is the weighted average of wp16 in their countries of birth.

4 Table 3: Average ladder and number of observations by domestic or foreign born in surveys - Part 3 Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: # of obs. born: wp16 life today born: # of obs. Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born Standard error of the ratio born s avg. sourcecountry wp16 Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Cyprus Norway Oman Pakistan Palestinian Territories Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Somalia Somaliland region South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Note: The wp16 (life today) ratio of foreign born to domestic born is calculated only for countries with at least 100 foreign-born observations. The standard errors of the ratios are calculated using the delta method. born s avg. source-country 4 wp16 is the weighted average of wp16 in their countries of birth.

5 Table 4: Average ladder and number of observations by domestic or foreign born in surveys - Part 4 Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: # of obs. born: wp16 life today born: # of obs. Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born Standard error of the ratio born s avg. sourcecountry wp16 Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Province of China Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Note: The wp16 (life today) ratio of foreign born to domestic born is calculated only for countries with at least 100 foreign-born observations. The standard errors of the ratios are calculated using the delta method. born s avg. source-country wp16 is the weighted average of wp16 in their countries of birth. 5

6 Table 5: Summary statistics at the individual level, domestic born, all surveys in Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Age Age squared devided by Female Married/Domestic partner Separated, divorced or widowed wp23 health problems College educated Log household income Unemployed Freedom to make life choices Social support Generosity; not adjusted Perceptions of corruption National average: Log GDP per capita National average: Healthy life expectancy at birth National average: Freedom to make life choices National average: Social support National average: Generosity; not adjusted National average: Perceptions of corruption Migrant Acceptance Index Score

7 Table 6: Summary statistics at the individual level, foreign born, all surveys in Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Age Age squared devided by Female Married/Domestic partner Separated, divorced or widowed wp23 health problems College educated Log household income Unemployed Freedom to make life choices Social support Generosity; not adjusted Perceptions of corruption National average: Log GDP per capita National average: Healthy life expectancy at birth National average: Freedom to make life choices National average: Social support National average: Generosity; not adjusted National average: Perceptions of corruption Migrant Acceptance Index Score

8 Table 7: Summary statistics by country, all surveys in ; No minimum size restriction on immigrant samples Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: \ # of obs born: wp16 life today born: \ # of obs Domestic born: Positive affect born: Positive affect Domestic born: Negative affect born: Negative affect Domestic born: Log GDP per capita born: Log GDP per capita Domestic born: Social support born: Social support Domestic born: Healthy life expectancy at birth born: Healthy life expectancy at birth Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices born: Freedom to make life choices Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Confidence in national government born: Confidence in national government Migrant Acceptance Index Score

9 Table 8: Summary statistics by country, all surveys in ; A country is included only if it has more than 100 immigrant observations in the period Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: \ # of obs born: wp16 life today born: \ # of obs Domestic born: Positive affect born: Positive affect Domestic born: Negative affect born: Negative affect Domestic born: Log GDP per capita born: Log GDP per capita Domestic born: Social support born: Social support Domestic born: Healthy life expectancy at birth born: Healthy life expectancy at birth Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices born: Freedom to make life choices Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Confidence in national government born: Confidence in national government Migrant Acceptance Index Score Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born

10 Table 9: Summary statistics by country, all surveys in ; A country is included only if it has more than 200 immigrant observations in the period Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Domestic born: wp16 life today Domestic born: \ # of obs born: wp16 life today born: \ # of obs Domestic born: Positive affect born: Positive affect Domestic born: Negative affect born: Negative affect Domestic born: Log GDP per capita born: Log GDP per capita Domestic born: Social support born: Social support Domestic born: Healthy life expectancy at birth born: Healthy life expectancy at birth Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices born: Freedom to make life choices Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Confidence in national government born: Confidence in national government Migrant Acceptance Index Score Wp16 ratio: foreign born/domestic born

11 Figure 1: Scatter Plots: Happiness Score, Domestic Born vs Born, with Alternative Minimum Sample Sizes of Immigrants. The red line indicates 45 degree born sample size > 0 born sample size > 100 born born Locally born N = 162; Correlation coefficient = Locally born N = 117; Correlation coefficient = 0.96 born sample size > 200 born Locally born N = 87; Correlation coefficient =

12 Figure 2: Scatter Plots: Supporting Factors of Happiness, Domestic Born vs Born; No Minimum Requirement on Immigrant Sample Size. The red line indicates 45 degree born: Social support born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Social support N = 161; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted N = 161; Correlation coefficient = 0.85 born: Freedom to make life choices born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices N = 162; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption N = 159; Correlation coefficient =

13 Figure 3: Scatter Plot: Supporting Factors of Happiness, Domestic Born vs Born; Countries are Included Only if They Have More than 100 Immigrants in Surveys. The red line indicates 45 degree born: Social support born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Social support N = 116; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted N = 116; Correlation coefficient = 0.94 born: Freedom to make life choices born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices N = 117; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption N = 115; Correlation coefficient =

14 Figure 4: Scatter Plot: Supporting Factors of Happiness, Domestic Born vs Born; Countries are Included Only if They Have More than 200 Immigrants in Surveys. The red line indicates 45 degree born: Social support born: Generosity; not adjusted Domestic born: Social support N = 87; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Generosity; not adjusted N = 87; Correlation coefficient = 0.95 born: Freedom to make life choices born: Perceptions of corruption Domestic born: Freedom to make life choices N = 87; Correlation coefficient = Domestic born: Perceptions of corruption N = 87; Correlation coefficient =

15 Table 10: Determinants of happiness at the individual level, domestic born vs foreign born - Unweighted Regression DomesticBorn Born (1) (2) Age (0.003) (0.005) Age squared devided by (0.003) (0.006) Female (0.017) (0.035) Married/Domestic partner (0.032) (0.037) Separated, divorced or widowed (0.04) (0.042) wp23 health problems (0.026) (0.04) College educated (0.03) (0.051) Log household income (0.017) (0.016) Unemployed (0.037) (0.061) Freedom to make life choices (0.018) (0.041) Social support (0.021) (0.039) Generosity; not adjusted (0.011) (0.034) Perceptions of corruption (0.02) (0.034) National average: Log GDP per capita (0.076) (0.072) National average: Healthy life expectancy at birth (0.011) (0.01) National average: Freedom to make life choices (0.324) (0.396) National average: Social support (0.327) (0.437) National average: Generosity; not adjusted (0.282) (0.413) National average: Perceptions of corruption (0.326) (0.272) Migrant Acceptance Index Score (0.027) (0.034) Obs e(n-clust) e(r2-a) Notes: 1). Standard errors in parentheses. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10 percent, 5 percent and 1 percent levels. 2). See section Data Sources and Variable Definitions for more information. 15

16 Table 11: (Table 2.1, with Cross-sectional data, respectively by domestic born and foreign born): Regressions to Explain Average Happiness across Countries (Crosssectional OLS) DomesticBorn Born Born100 Born200 (1) (2) (3) (4) Log GDP per capita (0.071) (0.078) (0.074) (0.087) Social support (0.516) (0.395) (0.537) (0.597) Healthy life expectancy at birth (0.009) (0.01) (0.01) (0.011) Freedom to make life choices (0.415) (0.409) (0.447) (0.52) Generosity (0.3) (0.356) (0.376) (0.398) Perceptions of corruption (0.272) (0.292) (0.288) (0.322) Obs e(r2-a) Notes: 1). Standard errors in parentheses. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10 percent, 5 percent and 1 percent levels. 2). See section Data Sources and Variable Definitions for more information. 3). The second column uses a sample that include all countries that have immigrant participants in the surveys. The third column limits the sample to countries with at least 100 immigrant participants. The fourth column includes only countries with at least 200 immigrant participants. 4). A source of uncertainty is how to adjust for per capita GDP when constructing the generosity measure. What is done in this table is to perform the adjustment separately for foreign born and for domestic born. A more straight forward way is to eliminate adjustment, and use the raw generosity measure (percent who reported donation). The next table shows the estimates. 16

17 Table 12: Redo the preceding table but using un-adjusted measures of generosity (percent who made donations, without adjusting for level of per-capita GDP) DomesticBorn Born Born100 Born200 (1) (2) (3) (4) Log GDP per capita (0.07) (0.078) (0.073) (0.084) Social support (0.516) (0.395) (0.537) (0.597) Healthy life expectancy at birth (0.009) (0.01) (0.01) (0.011) Freedom to make life choices (0.415) (0.409) (0.447) (0.52) Generosity, not adjusted for per capita GDP (0.3) (0.356) (0.376) (0.398) Perceptions of corruption (0.272) (0.292) (0.288) (0.322) Obs e(r2-a) Notes: 1). Standard errors in parentheses. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10 percent, 5 percent and 1 percent levels. 2). See section Data Sources and Variable Definitions for more information. The second column uses a sample that include all countries that have immigrant participants in the surveys. The third column limits the sample to countries with at least 100 immigrant participants. The fourth column includes only countries with at least 200 immigrant participants. 17

18 Figure 5: Happiness Ranking , Immigrants (defined as foreign born) Only; Minimum Sample Size: Part 1 1. Finland(7.662) 2. Denmark(7.547) 3. Norway(7.435) 4. New Zealand(7.286) 5. Australia(7.249) 6. Canada(7.219) 7. Sweden(7.184) 8. Switzerland(7.177) 9. Netherlands(6.945) 10. Israel(6.921) 11. Ireland(6.916) 12. Austria(6.903) 13. United States(6.878) 14. Luxembourg(6.802) 15. Costa Rica(6.726) 16. United Arab Emirates(6.685) 17. United Kingdom(6.677) 18. Singapore(6.607) 19. Belgium(6.601) 20. Malta(6.506) 21. Qatar(6.395) 22. Uruguay(6.374) 23. Germany(6.366) 24. France(6.352) 25. Cyprus(6.337) 26. Panama(6.336) 27. Bahrain(6.240) 28. Kuwait(6.207) 29. Saudi Arabia(6.155) 30. Spain(6.107) 31. Venezuela(6.086) 32. Taiwan Province of China(6.012) 33. Italy(5.960) 34. Paraguay(5.899) 35. Czech Republic(5.880) 36. Argentina(5.843) 37. Kosovo(5.726) 38. Belarus(5.715) 39. Slovenia(5.703) 40. Portugal(5.688) 41. Uzbekistan(5.600) 42. Russia(5.548) 43. North Cyprus(5.443) Average happiness of foreign born 95% confidence interval Average happiness of domestic born 18

19 Figure 6: Happiness Ranking , Immigrants (defined as foreign born) Only; Minimum Sample Size: Part Croatia(5.368) 45. Bosnia and Herzegovina(5.361) 46. Jordan(5.345) 47. Kazakhstan(5.342) 48. Greece(5.284) 49. Egypt(5.277) 50. Hungary(5.272) 51. Dominican Republic(5.239) 52. Libya(5.187) 53. Moldova(5.187) 54. Montenegro(5.181) 55. Lebanon(5.116) 56. Lithuania(5.036) 57. Serbia(5.036) 58. Estonia(4.998) 59. Pakistan(4.990) 60. Macedonia(4.970) 61. Hong Kong(4.963) 62. Somaliland region(4.900) 63. South Africa(4.784) 64. Kyrgyzstan(4.750) 65. Nepal(4.740) 66. Azerbaijan(4.735) 67. Mauritania(4.733) 68. Latvia(4.728) 69. Palestinian Territories(4.689) 70. Gabon(4.581) 71. India(4.549) 72. Ukraine(4.546) 73. Botswana(4.496) 74. Mali(4.477) 75. Congo (Brazzaville)(4.427) 76. Chad(4.339) 77. Burkina Faso(4.146) 78. Djibouti(4.139) 79. Armenia(4.101) 80. Afghanistan(4.068) 81. Benin(4.015) 82. Guinea(3.954) 83. South Sudan(3.925) 84. Ivory Coast(3.908) 85. Rwanda(3.899) 86. Togo(3.570) 87. Syria(3.516) Average happiness of foreign born 95% confidence interval Average happiness of domestic born 19

20 Figure 7: Happiness Ranking , Immigrants (defined as foreign born) Only; Minimum Sample Size: Part 1 1. Finland(7.662) 2. Denmark(7.547) 3. Norway(7.435) 4. Iceland(7.427) 5. New Zealand(7.286) 6. Australia(7.249) 7. Canada(7.219) 8. Sweden(7.184) 9. Switzerland(7.177) 10. Mexico(7.031) 11. Netherlands(6.945) 12. Israel(6.921) 13. Ireland(6.916) 14. Austria(6.903) 15. United States(6.878) 16. Oman(6.829) 17. Luxembourg(6.802) 18. Costa Rica(6.726) 19. United Arab Emirates(6.685) 20. United Kingdom(6.677) 21. Singapore(6.607) 22. Belgium(6.601) 23. Malta(6.506) 24. Chile(6.495) 25. Japan(6.457) 26. Qatar(6.395) 27. Uruguay(6.374) 28. Germany(6.366) 29. France(6.352) 30. Cyprus(6.337) 31. Panama(6.336) 32. Ecuador(6.294) 33. Bahrain(6.240) 34. Kuwait(6.207) 35. Saudi Arabia(6.155) 36. Spain(6.107) 37. Venezuela(6.086) 38. Taiwan Province of China(6.012) 39. Italy(5.960) 40. Paraguay(5.899) 41. Czech Republic(5.880) 42. Argentina(5.843) 43. Belize(5.804) 44. Slovakia(5.747) 45. Kosovo(5.726) 46. Belarus(5.715) 47. Slovenia(5.703) 48. Portugal(5.688) 49. Poland(5.649) 50. Uzbekistan(5.600) 51. Russia(5.548) 52. Turkmenistan(5.547) 53. Turkey(5.488) 54. Malaysia(5.460) 55. North Cyprus(5.443) 56. Croatia(5.368) 57. Bosnia and Herzegovina(5.361) 58. Jordan(5.345) 59. Kazakhstan(5.342) Average happiness of foreign born 95% confidence interval Average happiness of domestic born 20

21 Figure 8: Happiness Ranking , Immigrants (defined as foreign born) Only; Minimum Sample Size: Part Zambia(5.286) 61. Greece(5.284) 62. Egypt(5.277) 63. Hungary(5.272) 64. Dominican Republic(5.239) 65. Libya(5.187) 66. Moldova(5.187) 67. Montenegro(5.181) 68. Cameroon(5.128) 69. Lebanon(5.116) 70. Nigeria(5.090) 71. Lithuania(5.036) 72. Serbia(5.036) 73. Iraq(5.003) 74. Estonia(4.998) 75. Pakistan(4.990) 76. Macedonia(4.970) 77. Hong Kong(4.963) 78. Tajikistan(4.955) 79. Somaliland region(4.900) 80. South Africa(4.784) 81. Kyrgyzstan(4.750) 82. Nepal(4.740) 83. Azerbaijan(4.735) 84. Mauritania(4.733) 85. Latvia(4.728) 86. Palestinian Territories(4.689) 87. Congo (Kinshasa)(4.636) 88. Yemen(4.584) 89. Sierra Leone(4.583) 90. Gabon(4.581) 91. India(4.549) 92. Ukraine(4.546) 93. Senegal(4.514) 94. Botswana(4.496) 95. Liberia(4.479) 96. Mali(4.477) 97. Congo (Brazzaville)(4.427) 98. Zimbabwe(4.413) 99. Chad(4.339) 100. Malawi(4.338) 101. Sudan(4.325) 102. Uganda(4.191) 103. Kenya(4.167) 104. Burkina Faso(4.146) 105. Djibouti(4.139) 106. Armenia(4.101) 107. Afghanistan(4.068) 108. Niger(4.057) 109. Benin(4.015) 110. Georgia(3.988) 111. Guinea(3.954) 112. South Sudan(3.925) 113. Comoros(3.911) 114. Ivory Coast(3.908) 115. Rwanda(3.899) 116. Togo(3.570) 117. Syria(3.516) Average happiness of foreign born 95% confidence interval Average happiness of domestic born 21