TABLES AND FIGURES PREFACE INTRODUCTION...

Transcription

1 Contents TABLES AND FIGURES PREFACE INTRODUCTION The rise of the police in peacebuilding operations The state, power and policing The police Policing State building and plural policing Connecting insights on plural policing Plural policing and governance Problem definition Propositions, approach and methodology Propositions Conceptual lens Research questions Approach Methodology, data collection and analysis Limitations Outline PART I: BACKGROUND Chapter 1: The Kosovo War and international intervention Introduction The truths of history Conquering territory and drawing borders Kosovo under the second Yugoslav State The Republic of Kosovo The road to war and diplomacy Conclusion PART II: THE UNMIK ERA Chapter 2: The deployment of UNMIK and KFOR Introduction The United Nations Security Council Resolution The deployment of international security organizations The international military presence: KFOR Deployment

2 3.1.2 Preparing for civil disorder The international civilian presence UNMIK UNMIK Police Conclusion and discussion Chapter 3: Policing Kosovo Introduction The situation on the ground The security gap The deployment gap The enforcement gap The institution gap Conclusion and discussion Chapter 4: Building Kosovo s security sector Introduction Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of the KLA Disarmament and demobilization Reintegration: preparing Kosovo s future Cooped up eagles? The establishment of the Kosovo Police Service (KPS) The establishment of the Kosovo Police Service School (KPSS) Training the Kosovo Police Service Requirements Basic Police Training Course Field Training Programme The Yugoslav Secondary Police School The Kosovo Police Service during the UNMIK era Political developments Kosovo Transitional Council Joint Administrative Council Provisional Institutions of Self Government Standards before Status Conclusion and discussion Chapter 5: Plural Policing in the UNMIK era Introduction Private security companies Origins UNMIK Regulations on private security The Security Service Division of the Kosovo Police Service Hidden in the shadows The Kanun of Lek

3 3.1 The re emergence of the clan and the Kanun in the 1990s Implications for policing Strong informal networks Caveats Interaction with the international community Intelligence networks Kosovo s north Red Star Belgrade The Bridge Watchers Conclusion PART III: TRANSFER OF COMPETENCIES AND REFORMS Chapter 6: March 2004 and its consequences Introduction March 2004: explosion The events The reaction The solution Political developments Political situation Kosovo s security sector Crowd and riot control Transfer of responsibilities The establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) KPS as first responder Decentralization Local Crime Prevention Councils (LCPCs) Municipal Community Safety Councils and Local Public Safety Committees Corruption The Internal Security Sector Review The road to independence Dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement Conclusion and discussion Chapter 7: Plural Policing after March Introduction Transfer of competencies and impact on private security companies Czar Lazar and the Albanian National Army Community Safety Community Safety Action Teams Origins

4 4.1.2 Concept Programme management Creating and training CSATs The CSATs Executive Council Institutional Development Evaluation CSAT s future in the wake of the establishment of MCSCs and LPSCs Transition Sustainability Municipal Community Safety Councils and Local Public Safety Committees Origins Concept Legal Framework Creating and training LPSCs Creating and training MCSCs Coaching and follow up Development Assessment of the MCSCs and LPSCs The differences between the three community safety mechanisms The Kosovo Police and community safety UNMIK The OSCE and support to KP in community oriented policing Community KP relations New community policing strategy National strategy and Action Plan for Community Safety Community policing strategy and action plan Conclusion PART IV: INTERNATIONALLY SUPERVISED INDEPENDENCE Chapter 8: EULEX Introduction Kosovo s declaration of independence International reaction Local reaction The impact on the configuration of the international community International supervision The European Commission Liaison Office (ECLO) European Union Planning Team (EUPT) The International Civilian Representative/EU Special Representative EULEX

5 3.4.1 EULEX Structure Programmatic approach Expectations capabilities gap Coordination Procurement and staff Making a difference: MMA Making a difference: executive powers Kosovo s security sector Questioning sustainability Kosovo s unruly north Relations with Kosovar authorities The end of international supervision? Conclusion Chapter 9: Plural policing under EULEX Introduction The relation between EULEX and the MCSCs and LPSCs The SHIK The SHIK unveiled The SHIK and the Kosovo Intelligence Agency The end of the parallel structures Shift in policing Conclusion GENERAL CONCLUSION 1. Dilemmas in policing: top down and bottom up Pluralisation of policing To what extent is the international community confronted with a pluralisation of security? How does the international community interact with the pluralisation of security? Governance through enrolment Does the international community employ enrolment techniques as part of a broader pluralisation of policing? Propositions: State centred and neglects non state policing agents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ANNEX RESPONDENTS ABBREVIATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY

6 TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Policing policy options Table 2: KPSS Classes and students Table 3: UNMIK era Top down/bottom up Table 4: Transfers of competencies and reform Top down/bottom up Table 5: Satisfaction with performance of UNMIK and SRSG Table 6: CSAT Assessment Table 7: Differences between community safety mechanisms Table 8: Overview action fiches Table 9: International supervision top down/bottom up Figure 1: Conceptual lens Figure 2: Regional directorates KP Figure 3: KLA memorials in Pristina (left) and Prizren (right),... representing Greater Albania Figure 4: KFOR Deployment Figure 5: UN Civil Administration in Kosovo: The Four Pillars Figure 6: UNMIK Police structure Figure 7: CIVPOL deployment Figure 8: Top ten contributing countries Figure 9: Number of murders in Kosovo Figure 10: Crime statistics Figure 11: Mitrovica (March 2000) Figure 12: KPS under the UNMIK pillars Figure 13: Graduated KPS Figure 14: Composition of the KPS Figure 15: Total police presence Figure 16: Stickers of PSCs Figure 17: Graffiti Obrac Red Star Belgrade Figure 18: Composition of EULEX Figure 19: Structure of EULEX Figure 20: New structure of EULEX Figure 21: Kosovoʹs policing landscape