IOM INDONESIA Cases of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour in Fisheries. Vienna, 26 September 2017

Transcription

1 IOM INDONESIA Cases of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour in Fisheries Vienna, 26 September 2017

2 BRIEFFACTSONIOM Established in 1951 as an intergovernmental organization to resettle millions of people displaced by the Second World War. Now > IOM = leading organization working on promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all.

3 TIP IN INDONESIAN FISHING INDUSTRY TAREMPA WHERE IN INDONESIA? BAU-BAU

4 Nov. 22, 2014 workers in Benjina, Indonesia, load fish onto a cargo ship bound for Thailand. Burmese fishermen raise their hands as they are asked who among them want to go home Majority of recruitment actors are individual recruiter Indonesia, A Case of Human Trafficking, Benjina & Ambon

5 What happened in 2015?

6 TRAFFICKED FOREIGNFISHERMAN NUMBER BY YEARS Nationalities Total Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Cambodian Myanmar ,403 Thai Laos Laos Grand Total , ,879 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

7 NUMBER OF FISHERMAN IDENTIFIED AS VOTS BY NATIONALITIES AND AGE Male Nationalities Total Children Adults Myanmar 9 1,317 1,328 Indonesian Cambodian Thai Lao Grand Total 30 1,969 1,999 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

8 ASSISTED INDONESIAN FISHERMEN NUMBER BY STRANDED COUNTRY Stranded Country Male Children Adults Total Trinidad and Tobago South Africa Ivory Coast Malaysia Mauritius Venezuela Indonesia* Colombia Fiji Hong Kong Taiwan** Grand Total * Domestic Movement; ** Province of China Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen by Stranded Country Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

9 PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN AGE Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 37.5% 27.2% 17.0% 13.1% n = % 1.1% 0.7% % 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 25.4% 16.2% 3.7% 0.1% 21.1% 14.6% 9.3% n = % 2.7% 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

10 PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN WHEN HUMAN TRAFFICKING BEGAN Age: trafficked vs assisted 25% 26% 23% 21% 19% 13% 16% 13% n = % 8% 4% 5% 7% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% under When TiPd When assisted

11 PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen MARITAL STATUS Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 1.77% 2.12% n = % 4.37% n =1718 Divorced Divorced 20.14% Married Married Single Widow/er 27.18% Separated 75.97% 66.24% Single 0.76% Widow/er Individuals who are single: make financial contributions to immediate family members (i.e parents, siblings) Married victims: financially support spouses, immediate families and children Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

12 2% PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN ECONOMIC STATUS & EDUCATION BACKGROUND Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3% 98% Poor Standard n = % Poor Very Poor n = Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

13 RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen REASONS OF LEAVING HOME 0.71% 3.53% 27.56% 6.71% 61.48% n = 283 Economic problem Education problem Personal problem Seeking better job Unemployment Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

14 RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Foreign Trafficked Fishermen REASONS OF LEAVING HOME n = % 1.34% 0.76% 0.06% Deception/False Promises 22.41% 0.06% 0.35% Economic problem Personal and Family problem Seeking better job 74.80% Social political problem; conflict, race Unemployment Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

15 RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen RECRUITER n = Foreign Trafficked Fishermen Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

16 RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN RECRUITMENT PATTERNS (AMBON CASE) Other 4% Does not answer 1% I was transferred by the captain Quit the previous boat 4% and joined another one 16% I was recruited 7% The captain changed boat and brought me along 1% Looking for a job 13% I was trafficked 27% I was invited and/or requested 15% IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015

17 RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3% 1% 96% POSSESSION OF WORKING CONTRACT (NO DATA) No Yes Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 7% n =1718 No Yes n = % Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

18 MOVEMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen POSSESSION OF DOCUMENTS 19% 81% No Yes Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen n =1718 3% No Yes n = % Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

19 MOVEMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen TYPE OF TRANSPORTATION 13.15% 60.83% n = % Land Mixed Sea Air Land Mixed n = 283 Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 92.58% 4.95% 2.47% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

20 EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 99% 96% 100% 94% 93% 83% 88% 86% 35% 39% n = 283 One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

21 EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 98% 99% 100% 88% 86% 91% 94% 84% 86% 30% n =1718 One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base

22 EXCESSIVE WORKING HOURS How long is the daily working hours? 2% 13% 8% EXPLOITATION 31% 46% Hours Hours Hours Under 10 Hours Does Not Answer IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015

23 Has there ever been any other stuff or individual (i.e. boat crew) being transferred from other boats into your fishing boat? 1% 6% 38% 55% Yes No Does Not Know Does Not Answer IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015

24 3 Counter-Trafficking Approach IOM Counter-trafficking Activities in Indonesia: 5 Pillars Strategy PARTNERSHIP POLICY PROTECTION PREVENTION PROSECUTION

25 3 Counter-Trafficking Approach PROTECTION SPHEREDIRECT ASSISTANCE VICTIM IDENTIFICATION R E F L E C T I O N SHELTER & RECOVERY INTEGRATION DESTINATION or THIRD COUTNRY OR REINTEGRATION Graphic designed by Shafira Ayunindya, CT/LM Unit, IOM Indonesia

26 3 Counter-Trafficking Approach ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY IOM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH RELATED STAKEHOLDERS RECOVERY Receiving Country Government NGO & FBO Police Embassies/Con sulates Immigration Medical Staff Social Worker IOM & IGOs IDENTIFICATION Receiving Country Government Social Ministry Health Ministry NGO & FBO Hospital IOM & IGOs Social Ministry Embassy Immigration Foreign Affairs NGO & FBO Community IOM & IGOs RETURN REINTEGRATION Social Ministry NGO & FBO Private Sector Community IOM & IGOs BNP2TKI

27 Reintegration Assistance Livelihood support is key to preventing further exploitation

28 Small business training for former trafficked fishermen in Cambodia

29 Enforcement, cooperation key to protecting the next generation

30 THANK YOU VERY MUCH For further information, please contact IOM Indonesia Sampoerna Strategic Square, North Tower Floor 12A Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav Jakarta 12930, Indonesia Tel: , Fax: countertraffickinginindonesia@iom.int