The FAMINE DECADE. Contemporary Accounts edited by JOHN KILLEN THE BLACKSTAFF PRESS BELFAST

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1 The FAMINE DECADE Contemporary Accounts edited by JOHN KILLEN THE BLACKSTAFF PRESS BELFAST

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Census Report, 1841 CENSUS COMMISSIONERS 13 The Potato MRS. s.c. HALL 15 The Workhouse POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS 18 The Harvest Belfast News-Letter. 20 The Peasantry and Tenantry j. VENEDAY Land Tenure in Ireland LORD DEVON 27 The Parish of Tullaghobegley, Barony of Kilmacrennan, County of Donegal LORD GEORGE HILL 29 State of the Crops Dublin Evening Mail 30 The Weather The Crops Dublin Evening Mail 30 Irish Cabins and their Inmates Belfast Penny Journal 31 The Weather The Crops Dublin Evening Post 33 Potato Pestilence Dublin Evening Post 33 Potato Famine The Vindicator 35 Potato Failure in Innishowen The Vindicator 37 Advice Concerning the Potato Crop to the Farmers and Peasantry of Ireland Downpatrick Recorder 38 The Famine The Nation 40 To the Farmers and Peasantry of Ireland The Vindicator 42 The Mansion House Committee THE MANSION HOUSE COMMITTEE 43 Sir Robert Peel's Reply to the Mansion House Committee 45 The Mansion House Committee The Nation 46 Further Report from the Architect to the Poor Law Commissioners, Relating to Temporary Fever Wards POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS Are the Irish to Starve? The Vindicator 53 Public Works Ireland Downpatrick Recorder 54 The Famine The Nation 55 The Famine Coleraine Chronicle 57

3 Indian Corn in Cork Illustrated London News 58 The Famine War Commenced The Vindicator 59 Famine in Ulster The Vindicator 60 Imperial Parliament Coleraine Chronicle 61 Famine The Nation 64 Famine in Galway The Nation 65 Potato Disease The Vindicator 66 Alms for Ireland The Nation 66 The Potato Crop of Ulster The Nation 67 To the Landlords of Ireland w.j. O'NEILL DAUNT 68 "Give Us Food" The Vindicator 71 Confidence Between Man and Man Dublin University Magazine 72 Distress in the North The Vindicator 73 Distress Starvation Death The Vindicator 75 Suspension of Public Works in Clare The Nation 76 To the Magistrates at Petty Sessions H. LABOUCHERE, DUBLIN CASTLE 78 The Evils of Emigration The Vindicator 79 Public Works Downpatrick Recorder 80 Employment of the Destitute Poor BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS IN IRELAND 82 Destitution at Skibbereen The Vindicator 83 Proceedings in Ireland POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS Bazaar for the Famishing Poor in Connaught WILLIAM M'COMB 89 The Famine in Ireland Freeman's Journal 89 The Future Potato Crop Downpatrick Recorder 91 Hunger and Destitution of the People Weekly Freeman's Journal 93 Distress and Destitution in Arran Weekly Freeman's Journal 94 The Famine in Ireland and Scotland Daily News 95 Famine and Starvation in the County of Cork Illustrated London News 95 Deaths from Starvation The Vindicator 98 "Died From Want" Galway Vindicator 100 The English Parliament and the Irish People The Nation 100 Inquest Starvation The Vindicator 101 The Irish Policy Illustrated London News 102 The Famine Irish Ecclesiastical Journal 106 To Lord John Russell WILLIAM CARLETON 110 Sketches in the West of Ireland Illustrated London News 111 Ireland Christian Ladies' Magazine 115 Conveyance of Emigrants to America The Nation 116

4 Irish Distress in Congress The Nation 119 Report on Matters Requiring Attention... POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS 121 The New Poor Law Weekly Freeman's Journal 124 New Year's Famine The Nation 125 Soup Store at Cork Illustrated London News 125 Dismissal of the Labourers Weekly Freeman's Journal 127 Beneficial Effects of Relief Afforded Christian Ladies'Magazine 127 Call to Prayer WILLIAM M'COMB 128 A Sermon REVEREND THOMAS HANLEY 129 Dead Twenty Per Cent More The Nation 131 Finale of a Cook's Triumph Weekly Freeman's Journal 132 First Report of the Irish Poor Relief Commissioners Weekly Freeman's Journal 135 Royal Irish Art-Union Royal Art Union Monthly Journal 136 Letter of the Pope on the State of Ireland Belfast Commercial Chronicle 138 Dreadful Loss of an Emigrant Ship Belfast Commercial Chronicle 139 Wreck of "The Exmouth" Emigrant-Ship Illustrated London News 140 Death of the Liberator Weekly Freeman's Journal 142 The Condition of the Country and the Duty of the Church Irish Ecclesiastical Journal 143 The Crops The Nation 145 Poor Laws Public Works The Nation 146 Appalling Scenes of Destitution in Kilglass Weekly Freeman's Journal 147 The Potato Crop Belfast Commercial Chronicle 149 Termination of the Relief System Belfast Commercial Chronicle 150 Expulsion of Tenantry Weekly Freeman's Journal 151 The Clergy of Killala Weekly Freeman's Journal 152 A Letter, &c JAMES H. TUKE 153 The Famine LADY WILDE 155 Distress in Ireland The Times 158 Amelioration of Ireland Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres 159 State of the Country The Nation 161 Proclamation Under the Act for the Prevention of Crime and Outrage in Ireland Belfast Commercial Chronicle 162 The Epidemic of 1847 in Belfast A.G. MALCOLM 163 Relief in Ireland COMMISSIONERS OF PUBLIC WORKS 166

5 1848 The Old Year and the New Weekly Freeman's Journal 171 Awful Case of Starvation The Nation 173 The Irish Crisis C.E. TREVELYAN 175 Emigration of Orphans from Workhouses in Ireland POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS 183 Horrible Destitution Dublin Weekly Register 184 The Irish Amelioration Society Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres 185 Deaths by Starvation Dublin Weekly Register 186 The Enigma SPERANZA 187 To the Right Hon. Lord John Russell Protestant Watchman 188 Extermination in Roscommon Dublin Weekly Register 190 A Harvest Hymn AMERGIN 191 What if we Fail? The Nation 192 Letters to a Nobleman Visiting Ireland Punch 193 The Potato Crop Dublin Weekly Register 196 Ireland The Attempted Rebellion Illustrated London News 197 Prospects of the Season Dublin Weekly Register 199 Irish Distress Freeman's Journal 200 Macroom Illustrated London News 203 Preservation of Potatoes Dublin Weekly Register 204 Emigration Practical Hints to Emigrants Dublin Weekly Register 205 Evictions of Peasantry in Ireland Illustrated London News 206 The Time for Improvement JONATHAN PIM 208 Lament of the Irish Emigrant LADY DUFFERIN Emigration A Voyage to Australia Illustrated London News 215 To the Landlords of Ireland Dublin University Magazine 220 Emigration from Down Downpatrick Recorder 221 The Queen's Visit to Ireland Illustrated London News 222 Dance of the Peasantry Illustrated London News 225 Re-appearance of the Potato Disease Belfast News-Letter 227 How Property is Slipping from the Landlords The Nation 229 Condition of Ireland Illustrated London News 231 What Irishmen Can Do The Nation 233 The Killinchy Meeting Downpatrick Recorder 235 A New Foundation JAMES CAIRD 236 Address of J.W. Maxwell, Esq. Downpatrick Recorder 238 Encumbered Estates Court Belfast Commercial Chronicle 241

6 CENSUS OF 1851 Census of Ireland for the Year 1851 General Report CENSUS COMMISSIONERS 245 Tables of Deaths CENSUS COMMISSIONERS 246 The Number of Persons in 1841 and CENSUS COMMISSIONERS 253 POSTSCRIPT Exodus of the Celtic Races Illustrated London News 257 INDEX 259

The Great Famine. a fall in mortality due to better systems of healthcare. Ag freastal ar an Dún agus Ard Mhacha Theas Serving Down and South Armagh

The Great Famine. a fall in mortality due to better systems of healthcare. Ag freastal ar an Dún agus Ard Mhacha Theas Serving Down and South Armagh The Great Famine By 1845 the population of Ireland had risen to around 8.5 million people. This was due to a number of reasons including economic prosperity in response to new overseas markets, sub-division