Al-Hasakeh Governorate, March 2018 Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS) OVERALL FINDINGS1 KEY EVENTS 1,107,159.

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1 Governorate, March 2018 Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS) OVERALL FINDINGS1 Coverage Bordering Ar-Raqqa and Deir ez Zor governorates, Syria s northern governorate of has faced high numbers of IDP arrivals as a result of its geographic proximity to conflict-affected areas. From June to October 2017, the offensives to expel the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from Ar-Raqqa and Deir ez Zor led to a rapid increase in IDPs arrivals, many of whom live in camps around AlHasakeh city and Al-Malikkeyeh city. For information on some of s major camps, please refer to the latest please refer to the latest Camp and Informal Site Profiles. Of the 85 assessed communities, only communities (Tal Zyara, Bayandur and Tal Maaruf) experienced spontaneous refugee returns from Iraq in February2. Accessing or securing enough money for return, and protection concerns in the host country were the most commonly reported reasons for return. In total, 2 assessed communities reported a presence of IDPs (16,615 in total), with new IDP arrivals from Afrin sub-district (Aleppo) reported in Qdurbik and Tal Maaruf. The majority of IDPs were reportedly located in Al-Malikeyyeh city (approximately 11,750), comprising nearly half of the city s population of 27,250. Key informants (KIs) in all assessed communities reported that the most common type of shelter lived in by IDPs and members of the pre-conflict population were independent apartments or houses. In terms of fuel, 72 of the assessed communities stated that there was no lack of fuel and the majority of the remaining 1 communities that cited having a lack of fuel were located in Al-Malikeyyeh and Quamishli districts. Commonly reported coping strategies to deal with the lack of fuel in these communities included burning productive assets and furniture not in use and furniture in use. Of the assessed communities, 79 reported facing barriers to accessing healthcare services, with 65 reporting that there were no functioning medical facilities in the community. Furthermore, 5 of the assessed communities stated that none of the assessed medical items were available in their community in March. The majority of the communities stated that chronic disease and acute respitory infections were the most commonly reported health issues faced by community members in March. In total, 8 of the assessed communities stated that water was fine to drink, while Tabaqa community reported that water either tasted and/or smelled bad. Additionally, 6 of the assessed communities reported having an insufficient amount of water to meet household needs, primarily located in Al-Malikeyyeh and districts. Furthermore, the majority of communities reported that residents faced difficulties in accessing sufficient amounts of food, the most common barriers being the high cost of some food items on markets and a lack of resources to buy food. The majority (82) of assessed communities reported that functioning primary schools were available within their communities, but less communities reported that secondary schools, high schools, or universities were functioning in March (5, 15, and 2, respectively). Of the assessed communities, 66 reported that most children were able to access available educational services. However, in 11 of the assessed communities, the majority of which are located in Al-Malikeyyeh and Quamishli districts, it was reported that children were being sent to beg or work as a strategy to cope with insufficient household income or resources in March. TURKEY AR RAQQA IRAQ DEIR EZ ZOR Communities assessed (85 of 82) Sub-districts with communities assessed (11 of 16) Top reported priority needs 1. Healthcare 2. Food security. Education Demographics* 1,107, ,080 people in need 507,079 * Figures based on HNO 2018 population data for the entire governorate. KEY EVENTS Offensive to capture Ar-Raqqa city begins, triggering large-scale displacement to Al Hasakeh. Authorities shut down private schools operating outside of the Kurdish language curriculum5. Forces advance on ISIL in Deir ez-zor, triggering large-scale displacement to Al Hasakeh6. First local election in Kurdish-held territories in Syria7. Conditions worsen in Sidd Camp (Al Hasakeh sub-district): severe lack of medical supplies and adequate shelter8. An increase in cases of GuillainBarré Syndrome (GBS) and 505 reported cases of measles throughout Al Hasakeh9. 6 June August 2017 September September 2017 November February 2018

2 Governorate, March 2018 Governorate areas of influence: Area of influence Sourced from Live UA Map, 1 March 2018 TURKEY Opposition - Free Syrian Army (FSA) Opposition - Free Syrian Army (Olive Branch/Euphrates Shield) Democratic Federation of Northern Syria - Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF-coalition) Democratic Federation of Northern Syria - Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) City ISIL-affiliated groups Assessed Community AR RAQQA IRAQ DEIR EZ ZOR 2

3 Governorate, March 2018 DISPLACEMENT Estimated percent of pre-conflict population (PCP) displaced from community: 25-5 Estimated number of IDP arrivals in assessed communities in March. Al Hasakeh Quamishli Estimated number of spontaneous returns in assessed communities in March 2. Communities with the largest estimated number of IDP arrivals: Qdurbik Tal Maaruf No further IDP arrivals reported Top sub-districts of origin of most IDPs arrivals, : Afrin (Aleppo) No further IDP arrivals reported 100% 85 communities reported no PCP departures., No reported PCP departures Estimated % of pre-conflict population displaced from community 0-2% 25-9% 50-7% % Neighbourhood reporting spontaneous returns this month Sub-district with one or more assessed communities reporting spontaneous returns this month Sub-district with no assessed communities reporting spontaneous returns this month

4 Governorate, March 2018 SHELTER AND NFI Fuel sufficiency: Primary source of electricity reported: 6+5+1A 6% 5% 1% Network Generator Batteries 72 communities reported no lack of fuel. Most common strategies to cope with a lack of fuel in the remaining 1 assessed communities, : Burning productive assets Burning furniture not in use Burning furniture in use Burning plastic Burning waste % 6% 8% 1% 1% 6,89 SYP 6,70 SYP Governorate average reported rent price in Syrian Pounds (SYP) across assessed communities. 5 Syrian average reported rent price in SYP across assessed communities.5 Most commonly reported shelter type for PCP (in red) and IDP (in grey) households : Independent apartment/ house Shared apartment/ house Collective public space % 92% 0% % 0% % Insufficient fuel reported Sufficient fuel reported Reported fuel prices (in SYP) 5 : Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities Fuel type: Governorate average price in March: Governorate average price in February: Syrian average price in March: Coal (1 kilogram) Diesel (1 litre) Butane (1 canister) 2,287 2,0 7,521 Firewood (1 tonne) 2,167,000 60, USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 March 2018)

5 + Governorate, March 2018 HEALTH Presence of health facilities in assessed communities: 5 18 Communities reported that no assessed medical items were available in their community. Communities reported that the majority of women did not have access to formal health facilities to give birth. 6 communities reported that residents experienced no barriers to accessing healthcare services. The barriers in the remaining 79 assessed communities were, : No health facilities available in the area High cost of transportation to facilities Healthcare services too expensive Security concerns when traveling to facilities Security concerns to enter/remain in facilities Old age Lack of transportation to facilities Disability/injuries/illness preventing travel 82% 59% 5% 15% 11% 10% 9% 9% No health facilities reportedly available in area Health facilities reportedly available in area Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities 77 communities reported that residents were not using coping strategies to deal with a lack of medical supplies. The coping strategies used in the remaining 8 communities were, : Using non-medical items for treatment % Top most needed healthcare services reported, : Medicine 87% Top most common health problems reported, : Chronic diseases 68% Chronic disease support 7% Acute respiratory infections 5% Psychiatric care 6% Severe diseases affecting those younger than 5 9% 5

6 A1++1 Governorate, March 2018 WASH Water sufficiency for household needs: 1 0 Communities reported that water from their primary source tasted and/or smelled bad. Communities reported that drinking water from their primary source made people sick. 78 communities reported that residents had no problems with latrines. The most prevalent problems with latrines in the remaining 7 assessed communities were, : Inability to empty septic tanks No separation between men and women Lack of privacy Blocked connections to sewage No water to flush 79 communities reported that they had sufficient amounts of water to meet household needs. The most common coping strategies to deal with a lack of water in the remaining 6 assessed communities were, : Reduce drinking water consumption Spend money usually spent on other things to buy water Modify hygiene practices Not safe 1% Receive water on credit/ borrow water or money for 17% water % % 29% 29% 1% 67% % % Insufficient water reported Sufficient water reported Primary drinking water source reported : 6+ 6% 1% % 1% Network Closed well Water in one or more assessed communities in sub-district reportedly tastes/smells bad or makes people sick Water is reportedly fine to drink in all assessed communities in sub-district Water trucking Open well Top reported methods of garbage disposal, : Public free collection Private paid collection Disposed at designated site 8% 28% 20% 6

7 Governorate, March 2018 FOOD SECURITY Food sufficiency: 1 Communities reported not having received a food distribution in the last 12 months. Communities reported that residents were unable to purchase food at shops and markets. 11 communities reported that residents experienced no challenges in accessing food. The most common difficulties experienced in the remaining 7 assessed communities were, : Some items too expensive Lack of resources to buy food Some items unavailable Lack of access to market Decrease in local food production 19% Lack of available cooking fuel 8% Core food item prices reported (in SYP) 5 : 97% 50% 2% 0% Insufficient food reported Somewhat sufficient food reported Sufficient food reported Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities Food item: Governorate average price in March: Governorate average price in February: Syrian average price in March: Bread public bakery (1 loaf) Rice (1 kilogram) Lentils (1 kilogram) Sugar (1 kilogram) Cooking oil (1 litre) Most common ways of obtaining food reported, : Purchased Own production Bartering Food distributions Received from others 15% 95% 80% 26% 18% USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 March 2018)

8 Governorate, March 2018 LIVELIHOODS 50, ,000 SYP Most commonly reported household income range 5. 25,92 SYP 0 Governorate average food basket price 5,6. Communities reported that residents used exteme foodbased coping strategies to deal with insufficient income 7. EDUCATION Barriers to accessing education services: 0 communities reported that residents had enough income to cover household needs. The most commonly reported coping strategies to deal with a lack of income in the remaining 55 assessed communities were, : Reduce meal size Borrow money from family/ friends Skip meals Send children to work or beg High risk/ illegal work 9% 56% 7% 22% 20% Barriers to accessing education reported No barriers to accessing education reported Schools in one or more assessed communities in sub-district reportedly destroyed No schools in assessed communities in sub-district reportedly destroyed Most commonly reported main sources of income, : Stable/ salaried employment Remittances Farm ownership Unstable/ daily employment Business or trade 2% 79% 62% 52% 9% 66 communities reported that most children were able to access education. The most commonly reported barriers to education in the remaining 19 assessed communities were, : Services are too far Parents disapprove of curriculum Curriculum unavailable in appropriate language Routes to services unsafe Lack of teaching staff 21% 58% 2% 26% 21% 6 Calculation of the average price of a food basket is based on the World Food Programme s standard basket of dry goods. The food basket includes 7 kg of bread, 19 kg of rice, 19 kg of lentils, 5 kg of sugar, and 7 kg of vegetable oil, and provides 1,90 kcal a day for a family of five for a month. 5 1 USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 March 2018) 7 Extreme food-based strategies: Eating food waste; eating non-edible plants and spending days without eating. 8

9 Governorate, March 2018 METHODOLOGY The HSOS project, formerly known as the AoO (Area of Origin) project, is a monthly assessment that aims to provide comprehensive, multi-sectoral information about the humanitarian situation inside Syria. This factsheet presents information gathered in 85 communities in April 2018, referring to the situation in Governorate in March It presents key indicators, rather than the entire range of indicators gathered in the HSOS questionnaire. For community-level data on assessed sub-districts in Al Hasakeh, Dar a, Idleb, Rural Damascus and Quneitra, please refer to the monthly sub-district factsheets, available on the REACH Resource Centre. The complete HSOS dataset is disseminated monthly via the REACH Syria mailing list. Wherever possible, information was collected through an enumerator network. REACH enumerators are based inside Syria and interview Key Informants (KIs) directly in the community about which they are reporting. Where access and security constraints rendered direct data collection unfeasible, KI interviews were conducted remotely through participants identified in camps and settlements in neighbouring countries by REACH field teams. Participants contact KIs in their community in Syria to collect information about their community. KIs were asked to report at the community level. KIs generally included local council members, Syrian NGO workers, medical professionals, teachers, shop owners and farmers, among others, and were chosen based on their communitylevel or sector specific knowledge. In cases where KIs disagreed on a certain piece of information, enumerators triangulated the data with secondary sources or selected the response provided by the KI with the more relevant sector-specific background. For each question asked, confidence levels were assigned based on the KIs area of expertise and knowledge of the sector-specific situation. The confidence levels associated with each question are presented in the final dataset. The full confidence matrix used to assign confidence levels is available upon request. Findings were triangulated through secondary sources, including news monitoring and humanitarian reports. Where necessary, follow-up was conducted with enumerators and participants. Findings are indicative rather than representative, and should not be generalised across the governorate. ENDNOTES 1 All information and figures reported in HSOS factsheets refer to the situation in assessed communities and cannot be generalised to other non-assessed communities of the governorate. 2 Returns are not necessarily voluntary, safe, or sustainable. Children includes all persons below the age of 18. Aljazeera. (6 June 2017). SDF launch major offensive to capture ISIL-held Raqqa. Retrieved from 5 Nassar, Ibrahim and Edwards. (9 August 2017). Why are Kurdish authorities shutting down dozens of private schools in northeast Syria? Retrieved from 6 Oliver and Osseiran. (26 September 2017). Mapping the Battle Against ISIS in Deir Ezzor. Syria Deeply. Retrieved from 7 Ibrahim, Ali and Edelman. (21 September 2017). First-ever local elections to begin in Kurdish-held territories. Retrieved from 8 Ibrahim and Nelson. (28 November 2017). Displaced people from Raqqa, Deir e-zor strain limited resources in northern camps. Retrieved from 9 World Health Organisation. (28 February 2018). Syria Crisis: Whole-of-Syria update, Situation report # 1 - February Retrieved from About REACH REACH is a joint initiative of two international non-governmental organisations - ACTED and IMPACT Initiatives - and the UN Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT). REACH aims to strengthen evidence-based decision making by aid actors through efficient data collection, management and analysis before, during and after an emergency. By doing so, REACH contributes to ensuring that communities affected by emergencies receive the support they need. All REACH activities are conducted in support to, and within the framework of, interagency aid coordination mechanisms. For more information, please visit our website: You can contact us directly at: geneva@reach-initiaitive.org and follow us on 9