Human Trafficking and Occupational Justice

Transcription

1 Human Trafficking and Occupational Justice Emma George Mandy Stanley Presentation Outline: What is Human Trafficking? Why do we need an occupational perspective? Trafficking in Persons Report Case Study Practice Implications

2 What is human trafficking? Movement Coercion 40.3 million people in slavery Push and Pull factors Long term health impacts Danziger (2006), Dovydaitis (2010), Gozdziak et al (2006), Hodge & Lietz (2007), Hossain et al (2010), Huda (2006), Huijsmans & Baker (2012), Hynes (2010), ILO, Walk Free Foundation, & IOM (2017), Jones et al (2007), Kilner & Stroud (2012), Kragten-Heerdink, Dettmeiger-Vermeulen & Korf (2017), Oram et al (2012), Ray (2008), Sandhu et al (2012), Vijeyarasa (2010, 2012), Zimmerman, Hossain & Watts (2011).

3 An occupational perspective We are occupational beings with Coercion rights to occupation. Movement Occupational rights: the right of all people to engage in meaningful occupations that contribute positively to their own well-being and the well-being of their communities (Hammell 2007, p.62). the immediate and intergenerational suffering associated with occupational injustice is brought to life, made immediate and understandable, when viewed from an occupational perspective (Hocking 2017, p.13). Hammell (2007), Hocking (2017), Stadnyk, Townsend & Wilcock (2010), Watson & Duncan (2010), Whiteford & Hocking (2012), Whiteford & Townsend (2011), Wilcock (2006), Wilcock & Hocking (2015).

4 Occupational Injustice Coercion Movement Deprivation Marginalisation Lack of opportunities Lack of choice Limited decision making Discrimination Push and Pull factors Limited range of occupation Prevented from Doing, Being, Becoming, and Belonging Imbalance Over-occupied Under-occupied Un-occupied Meaningless occupation Alienation Disconnected and isolated Loss of identity Meaningless occupation Forced occupation Long term health impacts Braveman & Bass-Haugen (2009), Durocher et al (2013), Hammell (2007), Pettican & Bryant (2007), Stadnyk et al (2010), Townsend & Wilcock (2004), Whiteford (2000), Wilcock (2006), Wilcock & Hocking (2015).

5 Case Study Coercion Nicole left her impoverished family to work as a Movementmaid in Kuwait with the intention of sending her earnings back home. For nine months she Deprivation Imbalance worked constantly, suffered physical and verbal abuse, and received no pay. When her work visa Marginalisation Alienation expired, her employer took Nicole to the police and falsely accused her of a petty crime. Nicole tried to explain her innocence, and reported that she had not been paid, and had been abused over the past nine months. The police did not listen and instead jailed Nicole for six months. After her time in jail, Nicole was deported and Long term health impacts Push and Pull factors returned home without any compensation (US Department of State, 2017, p.11). Andrevski & Lyneham (2014), Aron (2006), Brunocski & Surtees (2013), Madhavi (2010), Smith (2017), Schofield et al (2011), US Department of State (2017), Vijeyarasa (2010).

6 Human Trafficking and Occupational Justice Coercion Movement Marginalisation Deprivation Imbalance Push and Pull factors Alienation Long term health impacts Forced Occupation & Lack of Occupation Whiteford & Townsend (2011), Wilcock & Hocking (2015).

7 Practice implications Occupational Science Occupational Therapy The occupational injustices of human trafficking: marginalisation, deprivation, imbalance and alienation. Occupation can have a positive and negative influence of health and well-being Forced occupation is damaging to health and well-being Working with people who are at risk of trafficking, are being exploited, and in recovery and reintegration. Identifying people at risk & people being exploited Recovery through the power of occupation Prevention of slavery Gorman and Hatevich (2016).

8 Positioned for impact Emma Mandy

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