Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis

Transcription

1 Japan Platform Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis October 2015 February 2017 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis

2 CONTENTS Overview... p1 1. Background p4 2. Current Situation p5 3. Scope of Response... p11 4. Sector and Country Summaries... p12 5. Strategic Objectives... p13 6. Response Plan... p14 7. Sector Response Plan Food & Non-Food Items (NFI)... p15 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)... p17 Child Protection... p19 8. Overview of Implementing Partners Project Plans... p21 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis

3 OVERVIEW STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES TIME FRAME: October 2015 February Life-Saving and Life- Sustaining Emergency Humanitarian Aid # of people gaining access to WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) facilities # of people receiving regular and emergency food and essential non-food items (NFIs) 20, ,230 # of children receiving psychosocial support through child-friendly spaces (CFSs) 1 13,400 % of coverage in response to an outflow of around 2 Flexible and Swift Response to Sudden and Unexpected Situations 30,000 new refugees and IDPs (internally displaced persons) % of coverage in response to an outflow of around 100,000 new refugees and IDPs: 100% Over 50% 100% In Yemen, an unstable nation in the Arabian Peninsula, the humanitarian crisis intensified after March Between Yemen, a country at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, and the various regions in North Africa, circular migration has been a practice that has continued for hundreds of years. As such, the crisis is not contained within Yemen but has involved neighboring countries, and it has turned into a grave humanitarian crisis on a regional scale. In addition to the Yemeni government and antigovernment forces continuing to fight against each other, external interventions have also been made by Islamic extremist militants and local tribal factions who find this an opportune time to further destabilize the nation. This has resulted in the creation of further chaos compared to when the crisis initially broke out. It was under such circumstances that the International Organization for Migration (IOM) declared a Level 3 emergency in May 2015, UNICEF following suit, and the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) also declaring a Level 3 emergency in July. While the Aden region in the south had already had most of its infrastructure destroyed in the fighting, which is considered to be the most intense in the country, on November 3, as the first edition of this response plan is being drawn up, a very powerful Cyclone Chapala made landfall in central Yemen. As this was the first time in recorded history for a tropical cyclone to make landfall in the country, Yemen received a heavy rainfall that was ten times the amount of an average yearly precipitation, 1 Child Friendly Spaces (CFSs) provide children a safe space for play and learning. Children living in conflict tend to suffer psychological instability from ceaseless fear, and this space is intended to mitigate their psychological shock, help regain their peace of mind and the regularity of a normal everyday life, and provide support so that they can feel a sense of hope and expectations for their future. Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 1

4 OVERVIEW it began to turn the Yemeni conflict into a complex humanitarian emergency. Adding further blow to the devastation, Cyclone Megh made landfall to the east of Aden only a few days after. To provide a response to this complex humanitarian emergency from the perspective of humanitarian aid, the international community has halted and altered ongoing development aid programs in Yemen and is carrying out life-saving activities targeting IDPs and others affected by the conflict. Additionally, 121,801 people 2 have fled to neighboring countries, including those voluntarily returning to Somalia and Ethiopia due to the conflict. In response to such conditions, Japan Platform (JPF) has launched the Yemen Humanitarian Crisis Response Program, and has gone on an initial assessment mission to Lebanon, Jordan, and Djibouti from the 14th to the 26th of October Through direct interviews with refugees who have fled to Djibouti, accounts on the conditions within Yemen as well as living conditions in refugee camps in Djibouti were gathered during this mission. Additionally, current aid situations in Yemen and Djibouti have been confirmed through a total of thirtyfour meetings with various representatives. This included eleven meetings with country representatives, program directors, and cluster/sector leads at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), and the World Food Program (WFP). Furthermore, twelve meetings were held with representatives, including country representatives, of international NGOs currently implementing emergency humanitarian aid activities in Yemen. Finally, donor agencies, local NGOs, and local government agencies were also contacted and interviewed. As a result of this investigation mission, this Response Plan was formulated and individual implementing partner s project plans were developed, creating an emergency humanitarian aid program with lifesaving and life-sustaining activities at its core while focusing on food and NFI distribution. These aid activities are not only considered the most in need among IDPs in Yemen and refugees in Djibouti, but they build on the expertise and strengths of JPF member NGOs and can be expected to have a high impact on the beneficiaries more efficiently and effectively compared to other aid programs by the international community. Furthermore, carrying out this Response Plan would allow for Japan to directly provide humanitarian aid within Yemen and in Djibouti, which has not been done as of yet, and it would help ensure Japan s sustained presence in humanitarian aid within the international community. As of November 2015, only 48% of the total budget of around billion yen 3 has been funded from the 2015 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP), which has been revised since March. This has resulted in only about half of the planned aid activities having been carried out thus far. Also, as a response to the crisis in neighboring countries, the Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan 2 Yemen Situation UNHCR Regional Update # October Calculated from the original US$1,598,513,756 using the exchange rate as of November 9, 2015 (US$1= JPY) Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 2

5 OVERVIEW (RRMRP) has been launched for October through December 2015 with a budget of around 4.5 billion yen 4. These figures indicate the enormous humanitarian needs not having been met by the international community as of yet. Response Overview Time Frame Beneficiaries October 9, 2015 February 29, 2016 (Initial Response Period) March 1, 2016 February 28, 2017 (Emergency Response Period) IDPs in Yemen and people in need of assistance in host communities Yemeni refugees in Djibouti Requirements (JPY) FY2015 JPF Emergency Reserve Fund FY ,000,000 Yen (Excluding 6,000,000 Yen for Initial Assessment Mission) 712,000,000 Yen During the period covered by this Response Plan, which is from October 2015 to February 2017, JPF intends to carry out aid activities that would require a total of 879,866,934 yen, with the goal of reaching 234,630 beneficiaries. However, the Response Plan is expected to be revised as needed in response to the fluid changes in the situations on the ground. This text is the first edition as of November 9, 2015, which fits under the initial response period from October 9, 2015, to February 29, 2016, where aid activities are being carried out based on the budget of 168,312,520 yen, targeting 40,700 beneficiaries. The Response Plan may be revised in January 2016 based on the latest information available at that time, but as of this day, for the period between March 1, 2016, and February 28, 2017, aid activities have been planned with the budget size of 711,554,414 yen, intending to reach 193,930 beneficiaries. 4 Calculated from the original US$36,412,375 using the exchange rate as of November 9, 2015 (US$1= JPY) Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 3

6 1. BACKGROUND The conflict that intensified since March 2015 in Yemen further deteriorated the poverty, weak governance, and political instability that had already emerged at the time, creating a serious humanitarian crisis in the country. Yemen imports 90% of its food and 100% of its fuel, but the drastic reduction in imports after the outbreak of the crisis has led to a sharp decline in the supply of food, fuel, medicine, and other items essential for meeting humanitarian needs in the country. Fuel is especially indispensable in generating electricity that is also used to pump water out of wells and to operate generators in medical facilities, and as such, the crisis greatly contributed to the power shortage, water shortage, and the limiting of medical services. Airstrikes and the ground fighting have added further strain to an already serious crisis by creating numerous internally displaced persons (IDPs). 5 As of January 2015, after seven months since the crisis broke out, 5,564 people have died, 26,568 people have been injured, and 2.3 million people have become IDPs. Reduced food import, fuel shortage, and worsened security slow down the market distribution of food and cause prices to rise, and 12.9 million people face food shortage while over 1.8 million children are at the risk of malnutrition. Also, shortage of medicine and fuel, and the limiting and closing of many medical facilities due to airstrikes and ground fighting have prevented 15 million people from receiving basic healthcare. Additionally, about 20 million have no access to safe water and proper hygiene because the common means of accessing water in Yemen is through pumping ground water and having it distributed by water trucks, but the fuel needed to operate water pumps and water trucks have not been supplied. These conditions combined have left 80% of Yemen s estimated 26 million people in need of some form of humanitarian aid 6. In the light of this crisis, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) of the United Nations has declared a Level 3 emergency response for Yemen on July 1, During the same month, the United Nations has revised its Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) 2015, and announced that 1.6 billion U.S. dollars is required for this year s humanitarian aid activities. In response to this announcement, international donors, international agencies, and international aid NGOs have been working to increase humanitarian aid in Yemen. As the conflict continues on, there has been an increased need for humanitarian aid, and many people await assistance to reach them. 5 OCHA, 2015 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan Revision, July 7, OCHA, Yemen: Humanitarian Dashboard, September 30, IASC, Principals Ad Hoc Meeting Yemen: Final Summary and Action Points, July 1, 2015 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 4

7 2. CURRENT SITUATION: Sector Needs & Targets; Status of Aid Provided by International Agencies and Other Actors Inside Yemen After the conflict broke out in March 2015, international aid actors such as international donors, UN agencies, and international NGOs have had to temporarily leave Yemen with the exception of a few agencies. UN agencies and many others set up their interim field response offices in the Jordanian capital of Amman, engaging in coordination from there while the local staff continued to provide humanitarian assistance within Yemen. International staff gradually returned to Yemen, and humanitarian aid activities have been carried out by aid organizations coordinated by sector, as described below. Food As of January 2015, around 12.9 million people in Yemen lack access to food 8, among which 6 million are suffering a severe shortage 9. Among IDPs, a total of 1.1 million people in the nine governorates of Sa ada, Hajjah, Al Hudaydah, Taizz, Al Dhale e, Lahij, Aden, Abyan, and Shabwah are facing a food insecurity emergency at the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Phase 4 level 10. This sector s lead agencies are the World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). By September 2015, 5.5 million people have received temporary in-kind food assistance (including rice, grains, beans, cooking oil, and sugar amounting to around 2,100 kcal per person per day), cash assistance, or voucher provision, as well as monthly food assistance for 2.4 million people 11. According to the Emergency Food Security and Nutrition Assessment (EFSNA), which is expected to be completed by November 2015, the plan is to provide aid to IPC Phase 4 areas during the first phase and IPC Phase 3 areas during the second phase 12. Shelter, Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM), and Non-Food Items (NFI) 2.3 million people have been displaced within Yemen thus far, including the governorates of Aden (400, 000 IDPs), Taizz (300,000 IDPs), and Hajjah (280,000 IDPs) that have had a large influx of IDPs. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has announced that a total of 1.2 million people be provided assistance, including NFIs for about 1.2 million people, plastic sheets for emergency shelter for about 400,000 people, tents for about 110,000 people, and cash assistance as subsidies for rent for about 360,000 people. 8 OCHA, ibid 9 Food Security Cluster Yemen, 10 OCHA, Yemen: Humanitarian Snapshot, October 15, OCHA, Yemen: Humanitarian Dashboard, September 30, Food Security and Agriculture Cluster, Minutes of Cluster Coordination Meeting, September 8, 2015 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 5

8 CURRENT SITUATION This sector s lead agency is UNHCR, and as of September 2015, about 180,000 people have been provided with NFIs (sleeping mats, blankets, plastic buckets, kitchen sets), about 80,000 with plastic sheets, about 3,700 with tents, and about 3,700 with cash assistance for rent subsidies. 13 Taking into consideration the size of the IDP population and the damages to the infrastructure caused by airstrikes and ground fighting, it is implausible to expect the return of IDPs to their homes in the short term. At the end of March 2015, Mazraq Camp, an IDP camp in Hajjah that was previously established to respond to the Sa ada conflict, suffered casualties from the airstrikes. Since then, UNHCR, in consultation with the Yemeni government, has set up guidelines against building new IDP camps to avoid the concentration of population. However, host communities have also suffered airstrikes and the effects of the conflict, and have low capacity to receive IDPs. 729 Collective Centers, which utilize schools and other public facilities, have been established around Yemen and have served as hubs for good distribution, while there is still a great need for a survey and a needs assessment of the widely dispersed IDPs. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) In urban areas, airstrikes and ground fighting have damaged water and sewage plants, leading to a severe decline in public WASH services including water, sewage treatment, and solid waste management. Combined with the fuel shortage for pumps that are used to pump up groundwater, around 20 million people are in need of safe drinking water, toilets, and hygiene materials. YHRP lists the aid requirement for WASH cluster at 100 million U.S. dollars. This sector s lead agency is the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), and about 370,000 people have been provided basic hygiene kits, about 34,000 people with toilet facilities, about 2.9 million people with fuel to pump water through local water corporations, and about 770,000 with water. 14 Health Since the conflict intensified, over 90 medical facilities have been damaged, and there have been casualties among medical workers. 15 million people are in need of medical assistance, 10 million among which are targeted for emergency aid. Medical facilities have downsized their activities or closed as a result of hospital closures and lack of funds, and the vaccination rate among children have dropped 15 percentage points from 69% in the previous year to 54%. In the southern regions of the country, there was an increased occurrence of malaria and dengue fever during the summer, and about 8,000 people have contracted dengue fever this year, but many were not able to receive adequate care. As such, the medical care system is near collapse UNHCR, Yemen Monthly Factsheet October OCHA, op. cit. 15 WHO, Situation Report No. 16: Yemen Conflict, 28 September 11 October 2015 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 6

9 2. CURRENT SITUATION This sector s lead agency is the World Health Organization (WHO), which has been carrying out medical assistance with around 20 partner organizations. Since the outbreak of the conflict in March, a total of 250 tons of medical supplies and medicines have been imported and distributed to medical facilities 16. Thus far, 413 facilities have received basic medicine and supply kits, vaccination campaigns have targeted 4.6 million toddlers and infants under 5, and about 2.6 million have been provided with comprehensive health services. NUTRITION According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), since the outbreak of the crisis in March 2015, the number of children under 5 who are moderately malnourished (MM) increased from about 690,000 to 1.3 million, as well as the number of sever acute malnourished (SAM) children rapidly rising from about 160,000 to 540,000. This sector s lead agency is UNICEF, and, with its partner organizations, targeted 1.6 million people, distributed micronutrient supplements to about 3.8 million children over six months since the outbreak of the crisis. The sector had covered 91% of the total aid requirements of 77 million U.S. dollars as of October 2015 according to the YHRP. However, due to the prolonged conflict and the rise in the number of IDPs, there have been an increase in the number of malnourished children especially in Al Hudaydah and Hajjah governorates. More cases have been identified, proving the deterioration of children s nutrition. This is believed to be caused by the decline in the amount of available food due to the import limits on food and fuel, as well as the severe lack of access to food due to surges in overall prices as a result of rises in water and fuel prices. Furthermore, 192 nutrition centers have closed due to staff and fuel shortage, creating even worse access to food for the children 17. PROTECTION Airstrikes and ground fighting violate human rights laws, and the absence of the rule of law has threatened many lives of the people of Yemen through killings, child soldier recruitment, arbitrary arrests, abductions, gender-based violence, and lynching. This cluster s lead agency is UNHCR, and the child protection sub-cluster is being led by UNICEF while the gender-based violence sub-cluster is led by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). To respond to these situations, monitoring of human rights laws and humanitarian rights is to be desired, as well as providing psychological, medical, legal, and financial assistance for survivors of violence, and establishing community centers for youths and childfriendly spaces for the children. While the YHRP lists the required aid for this cluster at 130 million U.S. dollars, only 14% of this has been covered, creating a great challenge as activities stagnate due to the lack of funds. OCHA, 2015 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan Revision, July 7, WHO, op. cit. 17 OCHA, Humanitarian Bulletin Yemen, Issue 4, October 15, 2015 Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 7

10 2. CURRENT SITUATION EDUCATION This sector s lead agency is UNICEF. Over 3,500 school facilities have been closed due to damages from the airstrikes and ground fighting, seizures by the militants, and being used as shelters for the displaced, preventing about 1.8 million children from going to school. As of October, the new school term has already started in the southern regions, and the norther regions will follow in November, so UNICEF has been leading a campaign to provide educational opportunities for as many children as possible. However, while the YHRP lists the required aid for this cluster to be at 18 million U.S. dollars, only 5% of this has been covered, creating a great challenge as activities stagnate due to the lack of funds. LOGISTICS This sector s lead agency is WFP, which has placed field representatives in Sana a, Djibouti, and Amman. The logistics cluster mainly provides two services: transportating relief goods from Djibouti to Yemen, and operating the United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS). Both services are provided free of charge as of October 2015, and any humanitarian organization can use either service with approval from the WFP headquarters. However, depending on the state of funding, organizations may be charged for the fees in the future. This cluster does not operate relief goods transportation between Djibouti and Aden as private transportation companies still operate this route. For transportation from Djibouti to Sana a or Al Hudaydah, goods are placed in shipping containers in Djibouti and transported by ship or UNHAS. Shipments must be cleared by the Yemeni government, anti-government forces, and the allied forces, and require coordination while entering Yemeni waters, creating uncertainties in the shipping time frame. UNHAS currently operates three flights a week between Djibouti and Sana a, and is considering new flight routes between Sana a, Djibouti, and Amman, or between Djibouti and Aden. In addition to above, this cluster also creates and shares access maps of Yemen and provides logistics trainings for new aid organizations. Aid for Yemeni Refugees in Djibouti According to UNHCR, as of October 2015, 29,350 refugees have arrived in Djibouti, of which 15,663 had Yemeni citizenship, accounting for 53% of the total refugees 18. There are three groups of Yemeni refugees: 1) those who have passports and funds to travel to a third country through Djibouti; 2) those who come to stay with relatives and friends in Djibouti, especially in Djibouti City or in other 18 UNHCR, Yemen Situation, UNHCR Regional UPDATE #27, 7-14 October Of the total number of refugees, 11,783 have thirdcountry citizenships, while 1,904 have Djibouti citizenship. Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 87

11 2. CURRENT SITUATION urban areas; and 3) those who file for refugee status and stay in Markazi Camp. Due to time restriction, the investigation was only done at Markazi Camp, but since registration for refugees outside of the camp has started in late September 2015, it will soon be clearer what the needs are of the so-called urban refugees in Djibouti City and elsewhere. In Djibouti, UNHCR leads the refugee assistance efforts, and coordination is done in sectors, not clusters. Inter-agency meetings led by UNHCR are held biweekly in Djibouti City and Obock City to coordinate aid efforts. Most of the international NGOs active in Markazi Camp had been in Djibouti prior to this crisis to respond to the needs of the Somali refugees, and are responding to this crisis on an emergency basis. The camps are divided into first, second, and third districts. In each district, a male and a female representative have been chosen among the refugees, and they receive the requests from the residents and pass them on to UNHCR. However, there have not been regular meetings held between the resident representatives and UNHCR, so the representatives communicate verbally or in documents whenever they receive a request. Food has been distributed by WFP where a month s supply of rice, flour, cooking oil, and sugar have been provided monthly. Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other countries of the Persian Gulf engage in non-regular food provision as well. As for NFIs, a hygiene kit (consisting of soap detergent, tooth brush, shampoo, etc.) has been distributed once, and a clothing set has been distributed once as well. For WASH, three water tanks have been placed in the camp, and the UNHCR water truck brings water from the source in Obock City and fill each tank with 2,000 liters of water every day. Obock City has been supplying water free of charge at this point, but since the city also faces restrictions on water usage due to a shortage, they must find a good balance between water provision for their residents and the refugees. Also, toilet facilities are found in the first and second districts, but not yet placed in the third district, which was created in early October due to a rapid increase in the number of refugees; the third district expects to get a toilet facility in the near future. In terms of education, a Kuwait-based NGO called Al-Rahma runs a school for the orphans in Obock City, and refugee children attend this school. From within the camp, seven Yemeni teachers have been hired at the school, and children in first through sixth grades are being taught according to the Yemeni curriculum. Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 9

12 2. CURRENT SITUATION Finally, in the health sector, there is a health center managed and operated by the African Humanitarian Action (AHA) within the camp, which engages in health consultations for the refugees. Recently, a health clinic has also been provided by Saudi Arabia s King Salman Center for Relief and Humanitarian Aids 19, and it awaits the arrival of their medical staff so that it can soon open. 19 A Saudi Arabian humanitarian aid agency created in May 2015 for the purpose of responding to this humanitarian crisis in Yemen. Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 10

13 3. SCOPE OF RESPONSE Two strategic objectives drive JPF s response to the humanitarian crisis in Yemen: delivery of life-saving and life-sustaining emergency humanitarian aid, and flexible and swift response to sudden and unexpected situations. The Response Plan is a framework for aid activities to be implemented in Yemen and Djibouti to save and to sustain the lives of the vulnerable. It is also an emergency humanitarian aid program consisting of various aid activities being directly implemented by Japanese humanitarian aid organizations, effectively showing Japan s presence on the ground of aid delivery as much as the conditions allow. What is happening in Yemen is an ongoing and intensifying humanitarian crisis of immense magnitude. In order to reach the very people affected by this crisis, Japan shall directly, comprehensively, and effectively develop its strategies, and ensure aid to reach the affected areas in accordance with the humanitarian principles and standards. Geographic Coverage Countries Food/NFI WASH Child Protection Yemen ADRA, ICAN, WP, PWJ ADRA ADRA, ICAN Djibouti ICAN, WP ICAN, WP Map from WFP Logistic Cluster Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 11

14 4. SECTOR AND COUNTRY SUMMARIES In order to achieve the strategic objectives of this response plan, a total of about 880 million yen in budget is required during the duration of the 17-month program time frame, as sated in the table below. TIME FRAME: 9 October, February, 2017 FOOD & NFI: 12,915,761 PEOPLE IN NEED 201,230 PEOPLE TARGETED 602,423,172 Yen REQUIRED CHILD PROTECTION: 9,906,200 PEOPLE IN NEED 13,400 PEOPLE TARGETED 175,767,958 Yen REQUIRED WASH: 20,415,761 PEOPLE IN NEED 20,000 PEOPLE TARGETED 66,675,804 Yen REQUIRED TOTAL: 234,630 BENEFICIARIES 879,866,934 Yen AID PLAN BY COUNTRY 20 COUNTRY PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS (JPY) Yemen 21,100, , ,192,932 Yen Djibouti 15,761 11, ,674,000 Yen 20 Including 35,000,000 yen for JPF Secretariat s coordination, monitoring, and evaluation activities. Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 12

15 5. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 1 Life-Saving and Life-Sustaining Emergency Humanitarian Aid In accordance with humanitarian principles and standards, respond to prioritized emergency needs of the most vulnerable people in Yemen and in countries receiving refugees in order to save and sustain their lives. INDICATOR TARGET MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY # of people gaining access to WASH facilities through repaired/constructed infrastructure # of people receiving regular/emergency food and essential NFIs (e.g. shelter, hygiene kits, etc.) through in-kind distribution, vouchers, or cash provision 20, ,230 # of children receiving psychosocial support through CFSs established 13,400 2 Flexible and Swift Response to Sudden and Unexpected Situations In response to large-scale outflow of refugees and occurrence of IDPs, implement life-saving emergency humanitarian aid as swiftly as possible. INDICATOR TARGET MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY % of coverage in response to an outflow of around 30,000 new refugees and IDPs 50 % of coverage in response to an outflow of around 100,000 new refugees and IDP 100% Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 13

16 6. RESPONSE PLAN Methods of Implementing Individual Projects 1. Individual projects are to be based on direct humanitarian needs in regions designated in the UN Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan 2015 revised in July 2015, UN Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan 2016 to be published in December 2015, and the Yemen Situation Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan 2015 and In accordance with the expanding nature of the crisis, each organization may implement up to one project within Yemen and one project in Djibouti. 3. In addition to the aforementioned principles, in case of a large-scale, sudden and unexpected occurrence of an emergency in Yemen or Djibouti, an organization already implementing a project nearby may engage in additional projects if they can provide swift response. In such case, additional project implementation will be assessed and approved via discussion by the Standing Committee. 4. At the moment, no Japanese staff will cross into Yemen, and projects will be operated remotely, but this Response Plan will be revised if there should be improvements in security conditions in the future with progress in the ceasefire agreement. 5. The Response Plan will be revised if new organizations besides the implementing partners already listed in this plan will be implementing aid projects in the future. Aid Implementation Priorities 1. Activities in assistance of people who have newly become refugees and IDPs 2. Food and non-food assistance activities (i.e. life-saving measures) Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 14

17 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN FOOD & NFI SECTOR JPF Contact: Takeshi Kageyama [ takeshi.kageyama@japanplatform.org ] PEOPLE IN NEED YEMEN: 20,400,000 PERSONS DJIBOUTI: 15,761 PERSONS GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE PEOPLE TARGETED 201,230 PERSONS Yemen, Djibouti REQUIREMENTS (JPY) 602,423,172 YEN IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS ADRA, ICAN, WP, PWJ Sector Analysis Yemen relied on imports for over 90% of its food supply, but since the humanitarian crisis intensified in March 2015, food prices have sharply risen as a result of import restrictions and road blockades in conflict areas. Flour prices rose by an average of 43% nationwide as of July, and in some places by 90% as is in the governorate of Al Dhale e. As of August 2015, around 6 million people suffer a severe shortage of food, and 12.9 million people, or close to half of the total 26 million people in Yemen, are estimated to be in need of food assistance. The prolonged conflict has affected many families greatly as they have lost their livelihoods and no longer have enough income to purchase food. The state of Yemeni children s nutrition was among the worst in the world even prior to the conflict, but because of the current food shortage, there has been a spike in cases of severe malnutrition. WFP has been reaching out to the vulnerable populations by distributing food packages in cooperation with local partners across Yemen, except in the two governorates unaffected by the conflict, but food is still not being sufficiently provided. Also, these are basic packages limited to beans, cooking oil, sugar, and blended rice and grains, and their provision does not help alleviate the limited access to fresh vegetables. This is why almost half of the total 1.6 billion U.S. dollars required for humanitarian aid, as stated in UN OCHA s YHRP, has been allocated for food, and in this Response Plan by JPF, it is also considered the most important sector. Shelter/CCCM/NFI cluster as a whole estimates that total 1.2 million people are in need of emergency aid, but only 17% has received aid as of late September Winter in Yemen is generally mild with the temperature not dropping to dangerous levels, but houses have been demolished or damaged by ground fighting and airstrikes, and many households have lost household items, so it still remains urgent that relief goods be distributed to protect a minimum standard of living. In Djibouti, Yemeni refugees living in Markazi Camp receive food distribution from WFP. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and other Gulf Cooperation Council nations occasionally provide supplementary food packages that include fresh vegetables, and have given out mutton and other items during the Islamic holiday of Eid. Although camp residents were grateful for these provisions, there was no coordination with WFP or UNHCR and these non-regular non-sustainable assistance efforts leave confusion on the Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 15

18 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN field. Also, when Markazi Camp was established, WFP was distributing food packages, but because a local orphanage called Al Rahma suddenly began a soup kitchen on their site to provide meals twice a day, without consultation or coordination with other aid organizations, WFP stopped food provision altogether. However, two months later, the orphanage closed the soup kitchen due to lack of funding, and WFP restarted its food distribution from the middle of August. The joint investigation mission found that the refugees are distrustful of the food assistance activities as a whole, because the monthly provisions lack sufficient amounts of cooking fuel to be able to properly feed their families. Also, Yemeni refugees who live outside of the camps are using up their cash and other personal funds as their displacement becomes long term. This suggests an increased need for food assistance, but systematic investigation of their population, places of residence, and needs have not been conducted yet. In the future, food assistance in Djibouti would require close coordination with WFP, which provides basic food packages, and UNHCR, which provides supplementary food packages. Additionally, food assistance must be approached by responding to the needs of both camp residents and urban refugees. Yemeni refugees arrived in Djibouti on small boats bringing a very limited amount of personal belongings, and are in need of various essential items. When interviewed, refugees at Markazi Camp said that they have been given a set of hygiene items and a set of clothes, but are expected to need additional provisions as their displacement becomes longer. For example, there have not been enough disposable diapers for infants and toddlers, so unhygienic diaper uses were observed at the camp. Children were also seen running around barefoot in the camp where solid waste is not properly managed. Demand for essential NFIs, which would allow people to lead safer and more hygienic lives, is very high for children and other residents of Markazi Refugee Camp and all the urban refugees. Strategic Objective 1: In accordance with humanitarian principles and standards, respond to prioritized emergency needs of the most vulnerable people in Yemen and in countries receiving refugees in order to save and sustain their lives. Sector Objective 1 Access to minimum essential level of food and NFIs necessary for survival provided. Outcome Output Indicator Budget Access to food and minimum essential level of NFIs secured. Regular/emergency provision of food and essential NFIs (e.g. shelter, hygiene kits, etc.) through in-kind distribution, vouchers, or cash provision Total 201,230 people reached with food and essential NFIs 602,423,170 Yen Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 16

19 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN WASH SECTOR JPF Contact: Yu Tsukioka [ yu.tsukioka@japanplatform.org ] PEOPLE IN NEED YEMEN: 20,400,000 PERSONS DJIBOUTI: 15,761 PERSONS GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS Sector Analysis PEOPLE TARGETED 20,000 PERSONS Yemen, Djibouti ADRA, ICAN REQUIREMENTS (JPY) 66,675,804 YEN According to UN OCHA s Humanitarian Dashboard published on September 30, 2015, WASH needs have increased by 50% compared to March 2015, where around 20 million of the total 26 million Yemeni people are now in need of WASH assistance. However, only 20% of the people in need have been reached so far, and there is a large gap between the actual needs and the aid provided. Yemen relies on groundwater for drinking, and fuel is needed to have it pumped for use. After the outbreak of the conflict, fuel supply came to a halt, and humanitarian aid agencies are implementing measures to provide life-sustaining drinking water through distribution of fuel for water pumps and transportation of water by trucks. According to the rapid needs assessment 21 conducted in Taizz on October 22 and 23, 2015, most water supply facilities have become dysfunctional, and to access drinking water, the residents must purchase extremely expensive water from vendors, or in areas with no option to buy water, they must walk up to 30 km to secure safe drinking water. Those who have become IDPs and have evacuated conflict areas are taking shelter in handmade tents or unfinished buildings, but since there are no toilet facilities in either shelter arrangement, hygiene cannot be maintained, contributing to a rise in health problems. UNHCR s Inter-Agency Update for the Response to the Yemeni Situation #27, published on October 27, 2015, states that in Markazi Refugee Camp in northern Djibouti, 60,000 liters per day of drinking water continues to be provided by UNICEF, the WASH sector s lead agency, and its partner Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). Toilet construction is rapidly underway as well. This update also points out as a gap that inspection has not been done throughout the water distribution process, from pumping water from the well in Obock City, delivering it to Markazi by truck, and storing it in the water supply facility. This point aligns with the findings from JPF s joint investigation mission where NRC Djibouti and UNICEF Djibouti representatives were interviewed on October 21 and 22, and also with the interviews and field surveys conducted at the camp with NRC on October 19 and 20. However, when JPF s team visited the camp, resident interviews about water revealed that water quality may be suspect and that there are only three water supply facilities in the camp. In terms of water quality, interviews with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and UNICEF Djibouti showed that Obock, where Markazi is located, does not have adequate water sources and its water contains high levels of sodium, and to improve its quality would require digging deep wells farther away, which would require significant cost to accomplish. It has become clear that FAO is currently planning to secure water sources. In sum, there is a serious humanitarian aid gap in WASH within Yemen, but, by and large, there is none in the refugee camp in Djibouti despite dissatisfaction with the services. However, as registration for refugees outside of the camp began in the end of September, it is expected that the number of refugees entering Djibouti would increase and it would consequently put a strain on host communities schools, public facilities, and WASH facilities such as water supply facilities. As nothing has been done to assist 21 Islamic Help UK, Multisector Initial Rapid Assessment Report (MIRA) Taiz Governorate October, 2015, (30 Oct, 2015) Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 17

20 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN refugees in Djibouti s host communities, and since only a third of Yemeni refugees in Djibouti are registered as asylum seekers in the Markazi Refugee Camp, the humanitarian aid gap is expected to further expand. Strategic Objective 1: In accordance with humanitarian principles and standards, respond to prioritized emergency needs of the most vulnerable people in Yemen and in countries receiving refugees in order to save and sustain their lives. Sector Objective 1.1 People affected by the conflict have secure access to safe water and are able to live in a hygienic environment. Outcome Output Indicator Budget People affected by the conflict have access to safe water and hygienic environment WASH facilities constructed and WASH facilities are constructed, or repaired, and 10,000 beneficiaries gain existing facility is repaired for use access to WASH facilities Output Indicator Budget Campaigns and visits for the Hygiene promotion campaigns dissemination and promotion of implemented and reached 10,000 hygiene beneficiaries 60,675,804 Yen 6,000,000 Yen Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 18

21 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN CHILD PROTECTION SECTOR JPF Contact: Akiko Narumi [ akiko.narumi@japanplatform.org ] PEOPLE IN NEED YEMEN: 9,900,000 PERSONS DJIBOUTI: 6,200 PERSONS (estimate) GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS PEOPLE TARGETED 13,400 PERSONS REQUIREMENTS (JPY) 175,767,958 YEN Yemen, Djibouti ADRAICANWP Sector Analysis Since the humanitarian crisis intensified in Yemen in March 2015, at least 279 children have been killed and 402 have been injured as of the end of July Airstrikes by allied forces and ground fighting not only harmed the children physically but also left deep psychological wounds as they witnessed their families, relatives, and friends being victimized by the forces of conflict before their eyes. Both sides of the conflict have laid landmines in schools and other public facilities, and unexploded ordnance remains throughout neighborhoods, leaving the living spaces of children dangerous. Children are deprived of their opportunities for learning as a total of 3,600 schools closing, including 68 schools being occupied by militant forces, 270 schools being used as living quarters for IDPs, and 248 school buildings being demolished by airstrikes 23. Moreover, armed children are seen at check points on main roads clearing passing vehicles and pedestrians, proving that militant forces have recruited children as soldiers. Temporary evacuation centers where IDPs take shelter are overcrowded and create psychological stress, while the physical conditions of such centers, including non-gender-segregated toilets and showers, raise the risk of violence against children and women. As the conflict continues for the long term, many displaced families are using up their financial resources, and this creates a heightened risk of girls being victimized by early marriage for the sake of earning funds for their families 24. Many children who fled Yemen for Djibouti have been psychologically harmed by experiencing and witnessing cruel acts of violence immediately prior to leaving their country, and continue to experience psychological instability at the camp and in the host community because of the difficult living situations and loss of safe spaces. From October 19 to 21, 2015, field survey was conducted at Markazi Camp in Obock, Djibouti, as part of JPF s joint investigation mission conducted. All students in primary school were attending school outside of the camp, but because Obock does not have any secondary or tertiary educational institutions, older children and youths were observed to be lethargic, spending time idly inside the camp. This finding aligns with information provided by the Lutheran World Federation (LWF), an international NGO providing assistance to Yemeni refugees, during JPF s interview that there are no community centers or recreational spaces for children, youth, or mothers within the camp, and that psychological stress is built up daily Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (Revised), UNOCHA Multisector Initial Rapid Assessment Report (MIRA), Taiz Governorate, October 2015, Islamic Help UK Yemen Program Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 19

22 7. SECTOR RESPONSE PLAN Sector Objectives To meet the overall objectives of this Response Plan, this sector will implement the following activities to provide assistance for affected children and youth: I. Protecting children and youth adequately in safe spaces such as CFSs, schools, and other public facilities. II. Providing psychosocial support, including mental health care, administered by experts such as teachers and psychiatrists to protect displaced children s and their guardians well-being from further harm. III. Supporting mothers so that they can adequately protect their children. Strategic Objective 1: In accordance with humanitarian principles and standards, respond to prioritized emergency needs of the most vulnerable people in Yemen and in countries receiving refugees in order to save and sustain their lives. Sector Objective 1.1 Increase opportunities for children and youth at risk of humanitarian crisis in Yemen and in countries receiving refugees receiving psychosocial and other support and adequately protect them. Outcome Output Indicator Budget Activities to decrease risks against (1) Children and youth are children are developed including # of children experiencing adequately protected from the following: creation of and psychosocial support, various life-threatening and training to operate CFSs, youth trainings, and their effects at CFSs, exploitative practices including centers, community centers; youth centers, and community child labor, child recruitment, psychosocial support; livelihood and centers (target: 12,400 children). and early marriage. recreational programs specific to youth; and trainings for mothers. (2) Access to mental health care # of women, girls, boys, and men facilities and psychosocial Professional psychosocial support receiving Level 2 or 3 psychosocial support programs for children services are provided. support according to the IASC 25 and youth is improved. guidelines (target: 1,000). 25 Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) 236,159,958 Yen 5,000,000 Yen Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 20

23 8. Overview of Implementing Partners Project Plans IPs Country Activities Requirements ADRA Yemen Food Distribution 1st December, th February, 2016 ICAN Yemen Food / NFI Distribution, Child Protection 1st December, th February, 2016 ICAN Djibouti Food / NFI Distribution, WASH, Child Protection 1st December, th February, ,312,520 Yen 49,758,000 Yen 50,242,000 Yen JPF Secretariat Yemen, Djibouti, Jordan, Lebanon Monitoring and Evaluation 1st December, th February, st December, th February, 2016 Subtotal 5,000,000 Yen 168,312,520 Yen ICAN Djibouti Food / NFI Distribution, WASH, Child Protection 1st March, th February, ,432,000 Yen ADRA Yemen Food Distribution, WASH, Education, MHPSS 1st March, th February, ,554,414 Yen ICAN Yemen Food / NFI Distribution, Child Protection 1st March, th February, ,568,000 Yen WP Djibouti Child Protection 1st March, th February, ,000,000 Yen PWJ Yemen Food Distribution 1st March, th February, ,000,000 Yen JPF Secretariat Yemen, Djibouti, Jordan, Lebanon Monitoring and Evaluation 1st March, th February, st March, th February, 2017 Subtotal Total 30,000,000 Yen 711,554,414 Yen 879,866,934 Yen Response Plan for Yemen Humanitarian Crisis 18

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