Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Graduate Center City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue Room 5419 New York, New York 10016 Laird W. Bergad Director, Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies 212-817-8438 clacls@gc.cuny.edu http://web.gc.cuny.edu/lastudies Note: This report was prepared for the December 6, 2010 meeting of the CUNY Working Task Force on Strengthening Educational Opportunities for Mexicans and Mexican Americans. The term Mexicans in this report refers to all people of Mexican ancestry. Latino Data Project - Report 41 - April 2011
The Center for Latin American, Caribbean and Latino Studies is a research institute that works for the advancement of the study of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latinos in the United States in the doctoral programs at the CUNY Graduate Center. One of its major priorities is to provide funding and research opportunities to Latino students at the Ph.D. level. The Center established and helps administer an interdisciplinary specialization in Latin American, Caribbean and Latino Studies in the Masters of Arts in Liberal Studies program. The Latino Data Project was developed with the goal of making information available on the dynamically growing Latino population of the United States and especially New York City through the analysis of extant data available from a variety of sources such as the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Institute for Health, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and state and local-level data sources. All Latino Data Project reports are available at http://web.gc.cuny.edu/lastudies/ For additional information you may contact the Center at 212-817-8438 or by e- mail at clacls@gc.cuny.edu. Staff: Laird W. Bergad, Distinguished Professor, Latin American and Puerto Rican Studies, Lehman College, Ph.D. Program in History, Executive Director, CLACLS Teresita Levy. Assistant Professor, Latin American and Puerto Rican Studies, Lehman College, Associate Director Carolina Barrera-Tobón, Administrative Director Victoria Stone-Cadena, Director of Special Projects Laura Limonic, Director of Quantitative Research Marcela González, Research Associate Lawrence Capello, Research Assistant Copyright @ 2010 Center for Latin American, Caribbean and Latino Studies Room 5419 Graduate Center City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10016 212-817-8438 clacls@gc.cuny.edu http://web.gc.cuny.edu/lastudies
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 3 Figures 1. Mexican Population of New York City, 1990 2009.5 2. Distribution of Mexican Population of New York City by Borough, 1990-2009..6 3. Mexican Population as Percentage of Total Populations of New York City Boroughs, 1990-2009..7 4. Mexican Population by Nativity, 1990-2009.8 5. Mexican Population by Sex and Nativity, 1990-2009..8 6. Sex Ratio Total Mexican Population by Nativity, 1990-2009.....9 7. Sex Ratio Mexican Foreign-Born Population Ages 15-45, 1990-2009.....9 8. Citizenship Status for Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009.10 9. Median Household Income for Mexicans in NYC by Nativity, 1990-2009 10 10. Median Household Income for Mexicans in NYC by Sex and Nativity, 1990-2009..11 11. Percentage of Mexican Households Earning Less than $20,000 and More than $75,000 by Nativity in New York City, 1990 2009..11 12. Percentage of Mexican Households Earning Less than $20,000 and More than $75,000 by Sex in New York City, 1990 2009..12 13. Percentage of Mexicans Living in Poverty by Sex and Nativity in New York City, 1990-2009..12 14. Age Specific Poverty Rates and Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009..13 15. Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009.13 16. Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Nativity, 1990-2009..14 17. Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Sex, 1990-2009..14 18. Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Sex and Nativity, 2009.15 19. Employment among Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009..15 20. Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Sex, 1990-2009..16 21. Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Nativity, 1990-2009...16 22. Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Sex and Nativity, 1990-2009...17 23. English Language Abilities among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009..17 24. Language Spoken at Home among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009..18 25. Language Spoken at Home among Domestic-Born Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009..18 26. Citizenship Status among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009..19 27. Mexicans as Percentage of Latino and Total Electorate in New York, 1990-2009...19 28. Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans in New York, 2009..20 29. Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans by Nativity in New York, 2009...20 30. Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans by Sex in New York, 2009..21
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 4 Introduction One of the purposes of the Latino Data Project is to make statistical data on the Latino population of New York City available to scholars, researchers, journalists, students, and general information seekers. The analyzed data presented in most reports the Center has released have been derived from raw data released by the U.S. Census Bureau and organized by the University of Minnesota's, Minnesota Population Center s IPUMS USA project (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series) which processes the PUMS (Public Use Microdata Sample) information released by the Census Bureau s American Community Survey each fall, usually in October, for the preceding year. 1 The yearly American Community Survey PUMS data are based on samples of geographical units named Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) which consist of statistical geographical entities with a threshold of 65,000 persons. They do not cross state lines and may consist of extant counties or other defined areas. PUMAs are determined by each state, not the U.S. Census Bureau. The samples collected by the Census Bureau are projected to the general population using a sophisticated statistical methodology and the Census Bureau publishes estimates of margins of error for the data. The Census Bureau has also begun releasing 3 year and most recently 5-year data sets (in 2009) which have larger samples and are based on geographical regions with populations of 20,000 people or more. The advantage of using the PUMS sample data is that the raw data files contain detailed demographic, social, economic, and housing information on a multitude of variables for every race/ethnic group and national origin group in the U.S. While demographic researchers anxiously await the full release of the 2010 census data, the information that has been released as of April 2011 is exclusively related to general characteristics of the population such as sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and some housing characteristics. As yet there are no data on the socioeconomic indicators which are the main focus of Latino Data Project reports. CLACLS has published two reports on the Mexican-origin population of New York City: Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2005 and Mexicans in New York City, 2007: An Update. See our website for fully downloadable versions at http://web.gc.cuny.edu/lastudies/ pages/latinodataprojectreports.html. All of our reports present a varied array of statistical data in tables and graphs along with an accompanying narrative which summarizes the major data in narrative and analytical form. In this report we are only presenting the data for an interested audience, without the accompanying text. In some ways this is an experiment and we await responses from our readers to determine whether we will incorporate this format into some of our reports. Laird W. Bergad, Director, CLACLS 1 Steven Ruggles, J. Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2010., internet address: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 5 400,000 Figure 1 Mexican Population of New York City, 1990-2009 300,000 13.5% of all Latinos 319,126 8.4% of all Latinos 200,000 187,259 100,000 3.3% of all Latinos 58,410 0
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 6 Figure 2 Distribution of Mexican Population of New York City by Borough, 1990-2009 1990 3.0% 21.3% 18.9% 22.7% 34.1% 2000 4.1% 19.0% 16.6% 27.9% 32.5% 2009 4.8% 14.1% 24.0% 25.8% 31.3% Bronx Manhattan Staten Island Brooklyn Queens
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 7 Figure 3 Mexican Population as Percentage of Total Populations of New York City Boroughs, 1990-2009 Bronx 1.0% 2.7% 5.5% Manhattan 0.7% 2.0% 2.8% Staten Island 0.5% 1.7% 3.1% Brooklyn 0.9% 2.5% 3.9% Queens 0.7% 2.4% 3.6% Total NYC 0.8% 2.3% 3.8%
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 8 8 Figure 4 Mexican Population by Nativity, 1990-2009 (in percentages of all Mexicans) 64.3% 68.4% 6 56.8% 4 35.7% 31.6% 43.2% 2 Domestic Born Foreign Born Figure 5 Mexican Population by Sex and Nativity, 1990-2009 1990 10,372 9,592 22,295 13,685 2000 30,915 28,331 50,788 77,225 2009 71,350 66,415 70,524 110,837 Domestic-Born Males Domesitc- Born Females Foreign-Born Males Foreign-Born Females
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 9 Figure 6 Sex Ratio Total Mexican Population by Nativity, 1990-2009 (in hundreds of males per hundred females) 150 163 152 157 108 109 107 100 50 0 Domestic Born Foreign Born Figure 7 Sex Ratio Mexican Foreign-Born Population Ages 15-45, 1990-2009 (in hundreds of males per hundred females) 200 177 159 166 150 100 50 0
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 10 7 Figure 8 Citizenship Status for Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009 6 60.7% 5 52.7% 49.9% 44.0% 4 3 35.9% 32.8% 2 1 11.4% 6.5% 6.1% Citizen by Birth Naturalized Citizen Not a Citizen Figure 9 Median Household Income for Mexicans in NYC by Nativity, 1990-2009 (in inflation-adjusted 2009 dollars) 70,000 60,000 56,250 62,500 50,000 40,000 48,380 44,188 42,900 50,479 47,560 42,125 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Total Domestic Born Foreign Born Note: These data are for household heads.
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 11 70,000 Figure 10 Median Household Income for Mexicans in NYC by Sex and Nativity, 1990-2009 (in inflation-adjusted 2009 dollars) 60,000 63,525 61,515 62,500 54,120 50,000 47,97048,313 49,200 45,875 44,300 40,000 30,000 37,474 33,750 30,100 20,000 10,000 0 DB Males DB Females FB Males FB Females Note: DB = Domestic Born; FB = Foreign Born. These data are for household heads. 5 Figure 11 Percentage of Mexican Households Earning Less than $20,000 and More than $75,000 by Nativity in New York City, 1990-2009 4 Less than $20,000 35.7% $75,000 or Greater 37.1% 3 26.8% 29.2% 28.7% 2 19.1% 21.7% 22.4% 1 13.4% 14.6% 12.2% 9.4% Domestic Born Foreign Born Domestic-Born Foreign Born Note: These data are in inflation-adjusted 2009 dollars.
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 12 5 Figure 12 Percentage of Mexican Households Earning Less than $20,000 and More than $75,000 by Sex in New York City, 1990-2009 Less than $20,000 $75,000 or Greater 4 38.9% 34.4% 3 31.1% 29.0% 2 19.2% 18.2% 24.8% 22.1% 1 9.7% 14.5% 14.2% 12.9% Males Females Males Females Note: These data are in inflation-adjusted 2009 dollars. 4 Figure 13 Percentage of Mexicans Living in Poverty by Sex and Nativity in New York City, 1990-2009 36.9% 36.8% 35.7% 35.5% 31.5% 32.5% 3 27.1% 27.2% 25.8% 27.3% 22.6% 23.3% 2 1 Males Females Foreign Born Domestic Born
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 13 5 Figure 14 Age Specific Poverty Rates and Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009 4 41.8% 43.4% 3 33.6% 25.6% 32.0% 30.6% 28.6% 26.6% 2 21.8% 16.8% 17.9% 22.4% 1 0-14 15-44 45-59 60+ Figure 15 Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009 (population ages 25 +) 6 52.7% 59.3% 55.7% 5 4 3 2 1 13.7% 9.0% 9.7% Did Not Graduate High School B.A. or Higher
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 14 8 Figure 16 Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Nativity, 1990-2009 (population ages 25 +) 7 6 Did Not Graduate High School 63.3% 64.4% 63.0% B.A. Degree or Higher 5 4 39.8% 3 24.4% 23.9% 25.9% 31.8% 2 14.0% 1 9.7% 5.6% 4.8% Domestic Born Foreign Born Domestic Born Foreign Born Figure 17 Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Sex, 1990-2009 (population ages 25 +) 8 7 Did Not Graduate High School B.A. Degree or Higher 6 5 59.5% 59.0% 56.0% 56.8% 54.1% 47.7% 4 3 2 1 12.6% 8.3% 8.3% 15.4% 9.8% 11.7% Males Females Males Females
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 15 7 6 Figure 18 Educational Attainment Rates among Mexicans in New York City by Sex and Nativity, 2009 (population ages 25 +) 62.9% 63.1% 5 4 37.8% 42.0% 3 2 13.1% 1 7.5% 4.2% 5.8% DB Males DB Females FB Males FB Females Did Not Graduate High School B.A. Degree or Higher Note: DB = Domestic Born; FB = Foreign Born. Figure 19 Employment among Mexicans in New York City, 1990-2009 (population ages 16-60) 7 69.7% 6 5 54.8% 53.0% 4 38.6% 36.7% 3 23.6% 2 1 6.7% 6.6% 10.4% Employed Unemployed Not in labor force
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 16 Figure 20 Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Sex, 1990-2009 (population ages 16-60) 9 8 81.5% 84.4% Males Females 7 66.5% 6 5 4 51.2% 37.6% 44.0% 40.7% 55.2% 47.6% 3 27.2% 2 1 5.8% 6.3% 4.3% 12.6% 11.4% 8.1% 8.4% 7.1% Employed Not in labor force Unemployed Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Figure 21 Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Nativity, 1990-2009 (population ages 16-60) 9 8 7 65.6% Domestic Born 71.7% 69.8% Foreign Born 6 5 59.3% 55.7% 54.2% 4 36.5% 39.5% 3 2 27.3% 31.9% 22.0% 24.6% 1 8.9% 7.1% 7.7% 6.4% 6.3% 5.6% Employed Not in labor force Unemployed Employed Unemployed Not in labor force
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 17 Figure 22 Employment among Mexicans in New York City by Sex and Nativity, 2009 (population ages 16-60) 9 89.0% 8 7 6 62.3% 5 50.3% 50.9% 4 3 41.6% 33.6% 38.9% 2 1 10.7% 7.6% 4.1% 4.3% 6.7% Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Note: DB = Domestic Born; FB = Foreign Born. DB Males DB Females FB Males FB Females Figure 23 English Language Abilities among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009 7 6 5 4 Does not Speak English or does not Speak Well 41.2% 43.6% 44.3% Speaks only English, well or very well 58.8% 56.4% 55.7% 3 2 1
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 18 10 Figure 24 Language Spoken at Home among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009 89.4% 90.7% 8 81.4% 6 4 2 18.4% 10.6% 9.3% English Spanish Figure 25 Language Spoken at Home among Domestic-Born Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009 8 7 74.3% 78.3% 6 54.2% 5 45.6% 4 3 2 25.6% 21.5% 1 English Spanish
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 19 Figure 26 Citizenship Status among Mexicans in New York, 1990-2009 6 60.7% 5 52.7% 49.9% 50.1% 47.3% 44.0% 4 3 35.9% 32.8% 39.3% 2 1 11.4% 6.5% 6.1% Citizen by Birth Naturalized Citizen Not a Citizen Total Citizen Figure 27 Mexicans as Percentage of Latino and Total Electorate in New York, 1990-2009 (citizens 18 years of age and older) 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.7% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.6% 1.1% Percentage of Latino Electorate Percentage of Total Electorate
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 20 Figure 28 Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans in New York, 2009 6 55.9% 5 44.1% 4 3 2 1 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Figure 29 Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans by Nativity in New York, 2009 10 91.6% 8 71.2% 6 4 28.8% 2 8.4% Health Insurance Domestic Born No Health Insurance Foreign Born
Mexicans in New York City, 1990 2009: A Visual Data Base 21 Figure 30 Health Insurance Coverage Among Mexicans by Sex in New York, 2009 7 64.3% 6 5 49.6% 50.4% 4 35.7% 3 2 1 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Males Females