US 54-72
Totalitarianism Totalitarianism Total control of everything single leader Not interested in individual freedom (civil liberties) Used modern technology and propaganda
Totalitarianism. Dictators gave way to Totalitarianism in three countries 1. Soviet Union (Russia) 2. Italy 3. Germany
Russia Emergence of Stalin Leadership crisis in Russia gives rise to Stalin Iosif Dzhugashvili (Stalin) Stalin means man of steel
Russia. Stalin Starts out as Secretary General Uses this position to grow his power by eliminating competitors Becomes the dictator of the Russian state Establishes a powerful Communist State
Russia Political Purges Stalin purges the entire government to eliminate all of his enemies Solidified his dictatorship
Italy Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini Becomes the leader of the Fascist Party in Italy Fascism A form of socialism, state owned and operated economy
Italy.. Benito Mussolini Mussolini s fascist government was a more relaxed version of Nazism Mussolini known as El Duce Wanted to restore Italy to its former glory
Japan Torn apart by political and economic conflict Military leaders used violence to gain control over the government. Emperor Hirohito Godlike leader of the government Hideki Tojo Leader of the military faction of the government Held most of the power They were inspired by dreams of Japanese greatness.
Dark Clouds on the Horizon. Great Depression had led to the rise of dictators The world would never be the same after these dictators were done with the world The fourth and most powerful dictatorship was yet to come Nazi Germany
Hitler s Influences Stab in the back story Believed German Politicians had ended WWI too early Hitler joins the German worker s Party A small extremist political group Becomes NAZI Party
Hitler s Abilities Political Oratory When Hitler spoke he had an astonishing ability to dominate his party members by the force of his personality 1921 Voted the Fuhrer (leader) of the NAZI party
The Nazi Party Violently Nationalistic Storm Troopers (SA) The Nazi s military force Anti-Semitic Hatred of Jews Looked upon the German people as superior to other races and believed the Jews were an inferior race
Hitler in Prison Hitler is thrown into prison for a failed attempt to overthrow the government While in prison he writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Book about Hitler s major views Outlined his belief in the superiority of the Aryan Race Outline his plan for taking control of Europe Conquest of Lebensraum Living space for the German people
Isolationists America wants to remain isolated Isolationism Not becoming involved in other nation s issues American Neutrality Act US is neutral but can sell weapons to Allies Lend Lease Bill US can lend or lease weapons to Britain that will be repaid after the war
Japan s Aggression Japan as the Aggressor Attacks China and all of the islands in the Pacific Ocean Worries America
American Policy Toward Japan American Embargo America creates an embargo that stopped its exports of aviation fuel and iron to Japan Japan has no resources to supply their Empire
Between A Rock and A Hard Place Problems for Japan Embargo causes problems Japan is an island with very limited resources Had to find these resources somewhere What Should Japan Do? Attack and gain resources or stay at peace and slowly lose its new Empire?
Japan s Choice ATTACK! If Japan is to be successful they must destroy America s Pacific Fleet Decides to attack the American Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Pearl Harbor December 7 th, 1941 Radar station on Hawaii detects oncoming Japanese planes Report is ignored because operators think it is an expected shipment
Pearl Harbor. Devastating Attacks Japan sinks four battleships and damages four others, sank three destroyers, damaged three light cruisers, destroyed 160 aircraft and damaged 128 2,400 American lives lost Japan loses 29 planes
American Response Isolationism is OVER! President Roosevelt calls emergency meeting of Congress Day of Infamy Speech Asks Congress to declare war against Japan Congress declares war
Review Questions Who was the leader of Russia during WWII and what type of government did Russia have? Who was the leader of Italy during WWII and what type of government did Italy have? Who was the leader of Germany during WWII and what type of government did Germany have? Which leader did Hitler look up to? What was the difference in Hitler and his mentor? What is the difference in the type of government Russia had and the type of government Italy had?
World War II 1939-1945 Axis Powers Germany, Italy, and Japan Allied Powers France, Britain, US, Soviet Union
Predict which alliance will have an advantage based on location.
What is appeasement? Think about a time in your life where you have used appeasement. Analyze the effects appeasement had on your situation. Put yourself in Britain and France s shoes. Do you agree with their policy of appeasement? Would the war have been different had France and Britain not used the policy of appeasement?
Treaty of Versailles Germany cannot build an air force or offensive army Hitler secretly builds an air force and offensive army France and Britain do nothing! League of Nations condemned Germany for violating the treaty (DID NOTHING)
Blitzkrieg (Lightning Warfare) Hitler believed in Offensive Warfare German offensive warfare Gain victory as quickly as possible with the least amount of German casualties 1. German Air Force Bomb everything they can find 2. Panzer Forces German tanks would crash through defensive lines at top speed 3. Motorized Infantry Infantry in trucks would come in right behind the Panzers to allow the tanks to continue their advance 4. Regular Infantry Advance on foot so to allow Motorized infantry to continue on
Invasion of Poland. World doesn t realize how powerful the Blitzkrieg is Blame Poland s military and planning for its defeat Germany defeats Poland in 26 Days!
Target France Blitzkrieg Unleashed against Belgium and the Netherlands Takes 10 days to capture these two countries France and Britain try to reinforce the countries but fail Become surrounded
Conquest of France Blitzkrieg Unexpected Success France falls in 35 days The success of the invasion was determined in the first week Reason for quick defeat France lacks necessary armed forces and misused the ones that they had
The Jewish Question Hitler s Plan Hitler planned to remove all Jews from Germany Hitler first created many restrictions on Jews This was done to encourage their relocation on their own
The Final Solution Hitler s Choice The Final Solution Hitler chooses extermination as the final solution for the Jewish population in Germany
Carrying out the Final Solution. Establishment of death camps that use gas to kill Auschwitz Largest death camp that was built in Poland Camps use hydrogen cyanide to kill prisoners
Carrying out the Final Solution.. At first only Jews unfit for work were killed Towards the end of the war all Jews are being killed In all possibly as many as 5.8 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust
THE PHILLIPINES -General Douglas MacArthur Leader of American troops in the Phillipines -retreated to Bataan Peninsula -MacArthur left to safety in Australia but is known for saying I shall return. -remaining American and Filipino troops were forced to surrender less than a month later -Bataan Death March
The Pacific Battle of Midway US Navy halts the advance of the Japanese by winning the land and sea battle at Midway
The Pacific. Iwo Jima Island 650 miles from Japanese homeland Meant to support not life, but death Defended by Lieutenant General Kuribayashi Most heavily defended island in the Pacific
The Pacific.. Iwo Jima February 19 th 1945 Marines storm the beaches Marines are slaughtered on the beach but some how secure the beach First Flag Raising Small group of Marines given a flag to raise at the top of Mount Suribachi
Harlon Block, Rene Gagnon, Michael Strank, Franklin Sousley, Ira Hayes, and John Bradley
Uncommon valor was a common virtue
The Homefront Post Depression Resolve US must muster all the determination it can to win World War II Men dropped out of high school to fight, women worked in factories to produce weapons
The Homefront. Women in the Military 350,000 women serve in the military Women s Army Corps (WAC) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)
The Homefront.. $320 Trillion Amount spent to finance the war All industry produces war equipment Government spending lifts the country out of the depression
The Homefront. Rationing Ration Books Government begins to ration certain items by giving out redeemable coupons These coupons could be redeemed for items such as sugar, meat, and gasoline
The Homefront War Bonds Americans buy war bonds to help finance the war Gives government money from the bond with a promise to repay the purchaser after the war
The Homefront. Discrimination Minorities often limited in the type of employment they could find Executive Order 8802 Banned discrimination in the defense industry Did not desegregate the armed forces Executive Order 9981 Desegregated the military (1948)
Preparation for D-Day Normandy America chooses Normandy as the place for the invasion America, Britain, and Canada all participate in the invasion Led by US General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Operation Overlord June 6, 1944 Five Beaches selected for the attack 1. Utah Beach US 2. Omaha Beach US 3. Gold Beach Britain and Canada 4. Juno Beach Britain and Canada 5. Sword Beach Britain and Canada
Hitler s End With America closing in from the West and Russia closing in from the east times become desperate for Hitler German Army begin to destroy Death Camps Unable to destroy most of the death camps
Hitler s End Marriage Hitler marries his long time mistress Eva Braun Last Political Testament Expelled everyone from the Nazi Party who had surrendered
Hitler s End. Suicide Hitler and Eva retire to their private quarters Hitler tests his poison on his German Sheppard (Blondie) Eva poisons herself Hitler poisons himself and then shoots himself in the mouth with his pistol Aides burn their bodies
Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project $2 Billion Project Centered at Los Alamos, Texas Codename for the American push to build an atomic bomb One of 37 plants helping to build the bomb located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee Enrico Fermi, responsible for developing the bomb
Atomic Bomb. Two Bombs Little Boy and Fat Man Potsdam Declaration America calls on Japan to surrender or face complete and utter destruction
Atomic Bomb.. Japan refuses to surrender US now has to choose which two cities to use the bombs on After much debate America chooses two major cities 1. Hiroshima 2. Kokura (Switched to Nagasaki)
Atomic Bomb Hiroshima Enola Gay takes off from Tinian Is carrying a 9,000 lbs. nuclear bomb Little Boy 60% of Hiroshima instantly destroyed 100,000 people die instantly US asks for Japan s surrender again
Atomic Bomb. Japanese refuse to surrender Nagasaki Bockscar leaves with Fat Man Switches from Kokura to Nagasaki because of weather Center of city flattened 35,000 die instantly