Name: Date: Period: Chapter 23 Reading Guide The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914 p.526-548 1. Use the map below and your textbook or online resource to identify the following places: a. Italy (after 1870) f. England b. Germany (after 1871) c. Russia g. Spain h. Mediterranean Sea d. Austria- Hungary (Austrian Empire) e. France i. Black Sea INTRODUCTION 2. List several changes that took place in Western Europe and/or the US between 1750 and 1914. THE AGE OF REVOLUTION p.527 The Forces of Change 3. List the three forces of change: 4. Why did parental authority decline during the proto- industrialization (prelude to industrialization) period among some groups?
The American Revolution 5. List the first three grievances of American colonists toward the British your text gives. 6. What occurred in 1776 in America? 7. Who helped America against the British and why? Crisis in France in 1789 8. Provide details supporting the three movements of change that helped spur on the French Revolution. a. Ideology (body of ideas/concepts about politics or culture) & Enlightenment thinkers b. Social changes & the middle class c. Population growth & peasants 9. What event was the final straw? (HINT: It s always about the economy & food) 10. How did Louis XVI want to fix the problems going on in France? 11. When the middle class (also known as the Third Estate) formed a new assembly, who made up the majority? 12. What major ideological document was written and what freedoms did it focus on? 13. What day is France s independence day and what happened on that day? The French Revolution: Radical and Authoritarian Phases 14. What role did other European countries play in the French Revolution that helped turn it more radical? 15. What happened to King Louis XVI? 16. What instrument is used in his demise and what s ironic about it? 17. What was this period of the revolution called? 18. Who was the radical leader? What were his goals? 19. What was the major ism that replaced loyalty to church and region? (NOTE! You must learn this term. It is extremely important from this point forward. It is usually based on a shared language and culture and will be a major fore for change and conflict. Adolf Hitler, among others, will use it to justify grabbing land and starting wars.)
20. Who marked the final phase of the revolution? 21. What were the negative and positive changes he brought to the revolution? Positive Negative 22. What caused him to fail in his expansionism? 23. How do you think this person is viewed today in France and by those in other European countries, particularly England, Germany & Russia? A Conservative Settlement and the Revolutionary Legacy 24. What was the major achievement of the Congress of Vienna in 1815? 25. What were the ideals published by the liberals? 26. Radicals agreed with liberals but differed in that they also wanted what and focused more on what group? 27. How did the French Revolution weaken the Ottoman Empire? 28. Throughout this chapter/time period, what social class do you see playing a major role in all Western societies and increasing its power at the expense of the aristocracy and church? Industrialization and the Revolutions of 1848 29. The Chartist movement was composed of lower- class workers. Your text states that they wanted the right to vote so they could influence the government to regulate new technologies. Why do you think lower- class workers would want to regulate new technologies? 30. What reasons does your text give for artisan and peasant participation in these revolutions? 31. Why did peasants later lose interest in revolution? 32. What technological change helped resolve a cause for revolutions in the West? 33. What social change regarding privilege and birth did industrialization bring about in the West?
THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL ORDER, 1850-1914 p.534 34. More than half the people in several countries in the West came to live in cities ( urbanization ) during this period and urban life began to improve despite the crowded conditions. List several improvements. 35. Based on your text and the map on page 535, where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Adjustments to Industrial Life 36. What was the change in birth rates? Why? (HINT: people aren t farming like they used to) 37. List improvements in the lives of ordinary people. 38. What major contribution did Louis Pasteur make and how did this affect women? 39. What did unions help workers do? Political Trends and the Rise of New Nations 40. What is ironic about Benjamin Disraeli leading the charge to give working- class men the right to vote in Great Britain? (HINT: Disraeli was a conservative; read the goals of conservatives in the sentence prior) 41. What did Count Cavour manage to accomplish for Italy and how did this affect the pope? 42. What did Bismarck manage to do along similar lines of Cavour? 43. Examine map 23.4 (on p.538) carefully. What small piece of land did Bismarck take from France in 1871? Guess what language the people of that area spoke? (HINT: think nationalism ) 44. When did Bismarck unify Germany? What other countries did he go to war with to do so? (HINT: Prussia = Germany) 45. What was important about the American Civil War from a military standpoint? 46. What characteristics do most European countries have? The Social Question and New Government Functions 47. What happened to the scope and size of government in the West following the Industrial Revolution? 48. What practice did Western nations adopt that China had used for over a thousand years? 49. How did governments change education and for what two main purposes?
50. How can it be said that President Obama is trying to be a modern day Bismarck? 51. Who were the bad guys and good guys according to Karl Marx? 52. What did Marx advocate? 53. What did revisionism advocate? 54. What were the goals and successes of the feminist movement? CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS p.539 55. What 2 things improved for the working class? Emphasis on Consumption and Leisure 56. What is an example of the first product craze? 57. What new types of entertainment were people able to enjoy? Advances in Scientific Knowledge 58. How did science help agriculture? 59. What was the key idea of Charles Darwin? 60. What group did his theory bring him into conflict with? 61. In what area of science did Albert Einstein focus on and what was his main contribution? 62. What did Sigmund Freud study and what was his solution to emotional problems? New Directions in Artistic Expression 63. What was one of Charles Dickens objectives for writing his famous stories? 64. How did science play a role in art? 65. Romanticism/Romantics did NOT appeal to reason or careful thought. Instead they appealed to what? WESTERN SETTLER SOCIETIES p.542 66. Why did the Industrial Revolution prompt expansion?
67. What new military technologies helped the West expand? 68. The impetus for expansion and new military technologies led to an increase in what between European nations? Emerging Power of the United States 69. Identify the Monroe Doctrine and the true power behind its enforcement. 70. Identify both the dates of the American Civil War and key differences between the North & South European Settlements in Canada, Australia and New Zealand 71. Why are Canada, Australia, and New Zealand s governments so similar to Britain s? 72. What major conflict existed in Canada? 73. What discovery really excited the British about Australia? 74. How did these new colonies differ from the American colonies? DIPLOMATIC TENSIONS AND WORLD WAR I p.546 75. What country was Germany s primary enemy? 76. Why was it difficult for European nations to gain new colonies after 1900? 77. Why was Britain concerned/jealous about Germany? Cite two reasons. New Alliance System 78. What nations belonged to the Triple Alliance? 79. What nations belonged to the Triple Entente? 80. What was Germany s geographic and military dilemma? 81. What sort of race did these two alliances engage in? 82. How did nationalism play a role in bringing about WWI? (HINT: Why would Russia defend Serbia? 83. What was the match that started the fire known as WWI?