Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) AAT Act enactment, definition of, 158 decisions of powers of review of ASIC decisions, 171-175 legislative basis, 172-173 unreasonableness of penalty, 174-175 Administrative Decisions Tribunal NSW (ADT) establishment and organisation, 183-185 history and commencement, 181-182 jurisdiction and character, 185-195 appellate, 191-192 contrary provision and s 40, 191 merits review, 181, 187-191 original, 185-187 statutory inconsistencies and s 40, 191 objectives, 182-183 procedure, 192-194 costs, 195-198 implications for procedure and practice, 195-199 onus of proof, 195, 198-199 reviewable decisions, review and reasons, 199-200 Administrative law see also Tribunals contracting out, 77-83 contractors, 80 corporate regulation, 171-175 free market regulation, effects on, 77-83 judiciary, as third arm of government, 109-110 judicial review at common law, 208-213 procedural fairness, 208-213 natural justice see Procedural fairness parliamentary executive and the judiciary, relationship between, 108-110 private law remedies as an alternative, 80-83 relevance in relation to contracting out of employment services, 77-83 remedies, contracting out of employment services, 78-79 availability of, 79 Administrative Review Council Council of Australasian Tribunals, establishment of, 64-67 Al Masri case, 22-24 detention pending removal, 22 Alternative dispute resolution see Dispute resolution Anti-Discrimination Tribunal of Tasmania see Tribunals ASIO see Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Asylum seekers see Refugees Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) ASIC v Donald, 171-175 unreasonableness of penalty, 174-175 enforcement of undertakings, 171 review of decisions by the AAT, 171-175 s 93AA undertakings, 171-175 Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Bill 2002 Advisory Report of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD, 68-72 annual reporting, 69 complaints, 70 detention and s 34F, 69 Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, 70-71 judicial review of detention, 71-72 sunset clause and parliamentary review, 70 224 (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224
Contracting out government services, 77-83 history of, 77-78 microeconomic reform, 77-83 Council of Australasian Tribunals (COAT), 64-67 establishment of, 65 goals, 66 Custody of non-citizens see Migration Act Damages Lord Cairn s Act, 206 Detention see also Refugees ASIO (Terrorism) Bill see Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Bill 2002 asylum seekers and refugees, international legal principles relating to detention of, 33-63 rights in detention, 55-61 Australian courts and international human rights law, 30-31 children, 56-60, 62 conditions and rights of detainees, 42-44 definition of, 40-41 deportees, power to detain, 23 detainees, statistics, 32 detention in custody, powers, 13 international case law, 45-55 international comparison of detention laws, 44-61 law relating to, 5 Australian mandatory detention legislation and international law, 24-30 consideration by Australian courts, 5-32 international human rights, 37-44 Refugee Convention, 36-39 mandatory detention government policy, reasons, 17-18 features in Australia, 21-22 pending removal see Al Masri case powers of court to release detainees, 17 Tampa litigation, detention of rescuees, 20 unlawful detention Tampa case, 19 Dispute resolution Ombudsman of Victoria, 168-169 overseas students in Australia, conditions for, 162-170 appropriate service provider, 168-169 Education Services for Overseas Students Act National Code for Practice for Registration Authorities and Providers of Education and Training to Overseas Students, 162-170 grievance handling and dispute resolution, 162-170 impossible enforcement for failures of an advice, 167-168 objectives, 163-164 prerequisite for arrangement, 167 provider, definition of, 163 Enactment definition of under AAT Act, 158 Evidence Tribunal proceedings admission of evidence, objections on grounds of relevance, 88 disclosure of documents procedural fairness, 98-102 expert witness, testimony, 95-98 hearsay rule, 90-95 nature of hearings, 99-101 no evidence principle, 87-90 opinion rule, 95-98 relevance rule, 88-90 Tasmanian quasi-judicial tribunals, rules of evidence, 84-106 Executive power, 107-119 scope in detention of aliens, 112 (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224 225
Grievance handling see Dispute resolution Guardianship and Administration Board of Tasmania see Tribunals Habeas corpus claim for order in Tampa case, 19-20 executive power, effect on, 110-112 Hearsay evidence see Evidence Hickman principle, 128-131, 144 rule of construction, 131 privative clause authority, 128-131 Human rights Australian courts and international human rights law, 30-31 detention and international human rights instruments, 37-44 international, 5 Immigration Australian immigration laws, 5-12 detention, 5-32 consideration by Australian courts, 12-25 history of immigration detention in Australia, 6-24 International human rights see Human rights Judicial review majoritarian populism, theory of, 108-119 migration decisions, 125-145 pharmaceutical benefits, 146-161 privative clauses, 129-130 purposes, 150 reasons for excluding particular decisions, 151-155 judiciability at common law, 151-155 judiciability under the ADJR Act, 154-155, 157 Lam case see Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Lam Legitimate expectation see Procedural fairness Lim case, 12-17 Migration Amendment Act 1992, custody of non-citizens, 12-17 Local authorities duties, regulations and discretion of the court, 201-202 services, refusal to supply, 202 Mandatory detention see Detention Medical Council of Tasmania see Tribunals Merits review, 149, 181, 187-191 purpose, 155-156 reasons for excluding particular decisions, 156-157 recommendations for tribunal, 182 Migration see also Refugees, see also Tampa MV Border Protection (Validation and Enforcement Powers) Act 2001, 21 Border Protection Bill 2001, 113-115 Migration Act Australian mandatory detention legislation and international law, 24-30 Amendment Act, new Div 4B, custody of non-citizens, 12 constitutional validity of amendments, 125 damages for false imprisonment, 17 excised offshore place, 21 judicial supervision of decisions under the Act, 125-145 privative clause definition, 128 invalidity of, 129 s 474 and s 486A constitutional validity, 135-136 construction of, 132-134 invalidity of, 126-129 unlawful non-citizens, 21-22 Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Lam 226 (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224
case and comment, 208-213 factual background, 208-209 High Court decision, 209 legitimate expectations, 209-213 procedural fairness, denial of, 211-213 Natural justice see Procedural fairness Overseas students see Students Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) background, 146-148 drug recommendatory decisions, 146-161 judicial review, availability of, 157-161 merits review, availability of, 157-158, 160 National Health Act, effect of, 146, 157-161 s 101, 146-161 Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth of Australia, 125-145 background to proceedings, 126-127 Hickman principle, discussion of, 128-134, 144 implications for future cases, 136-144 grounds of review jurisdictional error, 137-144 jurisdiction, 136-137 time limits, 137 implications for future legislative amendment, 145 Migration Act 1958 s 474 and s 486A, constitutional validity of, 135-136 construction of, 132-134 invalidity, 126-129 outcome of proceedings, 135-136 privative clause decisions, 129-134 Privative clauses see also Hickman principle construction of, 129 subject to Constitution, 129 definition, 128 general principles, 129-134 Procedural fairness, 84-104 see also Evidence critical or adverse information, 101-103 denial of, 211 disclosure of documents, 98-99 legitimate expectation, principle of, 208-213 departure from, 208-213 extension to public at large, 211 history of doctrine, 209-210 Lam and Teoh cases, discussion of, 208-213 necessary to show actual unfairness, 212 ramification of treaty, effects upon, 210-211 rules of, 143-144 Public duties courts discretion of, 201-202 mandatory orders, 206-207 damages, 205-206 breach of statutory duty, 206 enforcement by court, 201-207 impossibility of performance, 202-205 costs of compliance, 204-205 remedy, 202-203 judicial consideration, 202 judicial remedies, 201 public officers and authorities, duties of, 201-202 scope and enforceability, 201-202 Refugees see also Detention, see also Tampa MV, see also Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Lam asylum seekers Afghan, 18-19 asylum seekers Vietnamese, 10-11 asylum seekers Cambodian, 11-12 (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224 227
asylum seekers and refugees, international legal principles relating to detention of, 33-63 Border Protection (Validation and Enforcement Powers) Act 2001, 21 children, best interests, 209 criminal records, cancellation of visa, 208 judicial review, impact on, 116-117 law relating to, 33-63 mandatory detention laws, 5-32 Refugees Convention and unlawful noncitizens, 24 rights, conflict of laws, 61 Remedies see also Damages damages as an alternative, 205-206 judicial, 202-205 coercive, 205 jurisdiction of courts, 201 mandamus and mandatory injunctions, 201 Resource Management and Planning Appeals Tribunal of Tasmania see Tribunals Separation of powers, 107-119 Students definition of intending overseas student, 164 grievance handling and dispute resolution, 162-170 Tampa MV circumstances, description of, 110-113 events in parliament, 113-115 claim for order in nature of habeas corpus, 19-20 detention of rescuees, 20 function of Refugees Convention, 20 judicial power, effect on legality of detention, 30 legislative endorsement, 113-117, 125 Border Protection Bill 2001, 113-115 litigation, 19-21, 28-30 separation of powers, in relation to, 107-119 Tebutt s case, 203-205 Teoh case, 210-212 Convention on the Rights of the Child, ratification by Australia, 210 legitimate expectations,, 210-213 Tribunals AAT see Administrative Appeals Tribunal administrative tribunals, background and purpose, 84-85 ADT see Administrative Decisions Tribunal COAT see Council of Australasian Tribunals merits review tribunals see Merits review rules of evidence, 84-106 whether binding, 86 Tasmanian quasi-judicial tribunals Anti-Discrimination Tribunal of Tasmania, 84-104 Guardianship and Administration Board of Tasmania, 84-104 Medical Council of Tasmania, 84-104 natural justice, 86 see also procedural fairness nature of hearings, 99-101 Resource Management and Planning Appeals Tribunal of Tasmania, 84-104 rules of evidence, 84-106 Universities see also Education Services for Overseas Students Act grievance handling/dispute resolution for overseas students see Dispute resolution immunity for failure of appropriate arrangements, 169-170 University of Melbourne, dispute with, 166-170 228 (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224
University students see Students (2003) 10 AJ Admin L 224 229