Social Revolution Pages 24-46
Social revolution, step by step Introduction. The demographic revolution. Changes in the Basque Country. The creation of a class-based society. The structure of class-based society. The workers movement. The beginning of the workers movement. Development of workers associations. Claiming rights. The women s movement. The suffragette movement. First steps. The suffragette movement.
Industrial Revolution Social Revolution French Revolution
Social revolution consequence Socio-economic classes Bourgeoisie Proletariat
Introduction After the industrialisation, two new social classes: The industrial bourgeoisie. The industrial proletariat. Engels: The living conditions of the workers in the new urban centers were very poor. The proletarian class began to organise politically.
Proletarius (Latin) - Proletarian Proletarius, Roman Empire, a person from the lowest class of Roman citizens.
Developed country
Consequence of inmigration
Fill the gaps! But also compare the similarities among two pyramids, the one from the book (Beauvais, France, 1665) and the one from the slide (Kenya, 2005). What conclusion do you reach?
The demographic revolution Pages 25 & 26
Revolution in demography 19 th century Death rate fell (Children) The growth rate increasing Consequence: Life expectancy extended to 50 years by 1900 Reasons: Better food Advances in medicine Less plagues/diseases
Solution for the demographic revolution? Development of the communications (train, boat,...) helped/helps Migratory movements
EMIGRATION A new phenomenum?
Migration Movement Emigration Moving outside Inmigration Moving inside
Which image comes to you when you listen to this word: INMIGRANT Why do you think this happens?
Ignorance? Stereotypes?
Florence Owens, 32, mother of 7 Migrant, California, 1936
Pictures by Dorothea Lange
It is the icone of the Great Depression in the USA (1930s).
Foreign-born population in Germany
Causes of emigration Population growth 1 Rural Cities 2 Birth countries Countries overseas
1800-1914 60,000,000 people left Europe England France Canada Australia New Zealand Algeria
China India Population concentration (2010)
Countries by population density
21st century migrations Germany will need 800,000 workers starting 2012 Spain will lose 500,000 workers in 2012 Spain: more emigrants, less inmigrants
Reasons for migrations Economical (High) unemployment rate Spain: 22,8 % (end of 2011) OCDE: 8,5 %
Changes in the Basque Country Pages 26 & 27
Biscay - Bilbo Death rate decreased = population growth. Inmigrants of other parts of Spain moved to that industrialised area. Consequence: development of the cities. Nevertheless, there were Basques moving to America (Military Service): Argentina, Venezuela, United States,
Another factor: emigration
Euskal Etxeak all over the world Argentina: 81. USA: 37. Uruguay: 12. Venezuela: 6. Mexico: 3. Australia: 3. Peru, Canada: 2.
Coloradoko Euskal Etxea The Colorado Basque Club http://www.coloradoeuskaletxea.com University of Nevada, Reno Center for Basque Studies Boiseko Ikastola (Idaho)
The creation of a class-based society Pages 27 & 28
A change in society New social groups linked to industrialisation. A new society based on economy (class-based society). Peaceful revolution : England. Violent revolution : French Revolution. Changes affected to all the countries by the 19 th century.
In the Basque Country Change started in the middle of the 19 th century (land property, main concept for the estate-based society, changed). Northern: ideas of French Revolution arrived (equality) but no industrialisation. Southern: development with the industrialisation of Biscay & Gipuzkoa.
Based on class Based on wealth Legal equality Characteristics of a class-based society Open Dynamic
The structure of class-based society Page 29
Bourgeoisie & Proletariat
Bourgeoisie Proletariat
The bourgeoisie the origins Middle Age. Burgo = city of the Middle Age. Main activities: commerce, crafts, liberal professions & government posts
Modern Era The economic significance & power grew. Still subordinate to the noble class.
Contemporary Era The importance kept increasing. The main protagonist of the: Industrial Revolution. French Revolution. Consequence: a social revolution. Our society is still based on the dominance of this middle class.
High bourgeoisie Stimulates the industrialisation. Enjoys most of its profits. Consolidation of financial & industrial bourgeoisie.
Middle bourgeoisie (Middle class) Individuals in the liberal professions: Lawyers. Doctors. Architects. Journalists. Government employees. Owners of small factories.
Low bourgeoisie ( petit ) Small-scale commerce. Low level employment. Similar to proletarians.
Proletariat (Working Class) An employee, a person working for another in exchange for a wage. Origins: pre-industrial workshops, farm labourers. Two types of proletariat: The industrial. The landed (rural).
The industrial proletariat Origins: with the industrial revolution when machines in a factory created the need for manual labour.
The rural proletariat Increased because of the Agricultural Revolution. Many peasants had to leave their lands, and work for others.
In the Basque Country Large rural proletariat in the Rivera (Navarre) & Araba. In Gipuzkoa & Biscay, peasants working in both, land & industry.
Social Classes in the USA
The workers movement Page 33
The beginning Evidence of worker organisation since the 18 th century. Called societies in the first documents (Manchester, 1785). The Society of Spinners in Stockport. Multiplication of societies, becoming more radical, demanding concessions.
The beginnings of the workers movement Page 34
Industrialisation! industrial proletariat POOR CONDITIONS AT WORK & POOR LIVING CONDITIONS WORKERS BEGAN TO ORGANISE IN ORDER TO FIND IMPROVEMENTS
First movement: Luddism Movement against mechanisation
First organised movement: Trade Unions Trade union demonstration
A further movement: Chartism A movement based on a workers charter sent to parliament with several petitions: Universal suffrage / a secret vote.
They succeeded in improving the social and working conditions of workers.
Development of workers associations Pages 35 & 36
Progress of Trade Unions and the organisation of the working-class
1835 The word Socialism is first used by Robert Owen
1848 Publication of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx & Friedich Engels 1 st edition in German
1850: the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, The first real union in England The development of the railways. 1864: The First International in London Working Men s Association Meeting of European & US union representatives 1871: the passing of the Trade Unions Act Unions officially could have their own funds 1879: Pablo Iglesias founded PSOE in Madrid
1881: FTRE was created by anarchists workers (Federacion Trabajadores Region Espanola) 1888: UGT was created in Barcelona (Union General Trabajadores) 1889: The Second International in Paris To celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution 1900: The British Labour Party founded in England
Proletarian ideologies
Socialist (society) Solidarity: work together to improve condistions. Equality: equal opportunities to have a decent life. No classes: classless society.
Can you find any similiarity between this fist and this...?
Food to the people!!! No world hunger.
? =
Power to the people!!
Communism (community) A step further than Socialism (Solidarity, equality, no classes). And: The proletarian s dictatorship. Defeat the bourgeoisie. Control the production (the factories).
Red = revolution Hammer = industry Sickle = agriculture
Agriculture Revolution Industry
Anarchism All type of authority is rejected: No state. No church. No political parties. Organization of society: from the bottom to the top (free association)
Freedom Freedom = people permitted to choose their own relationships: Personal. Professional. Political. Important movement in the rural areas with late industrialisation.
Mikhail Bakunin
Claiming rights Page 38
General causes of change (Based on the struggle for rights) Society based on Estates disappears Social classes emerge. First, bourgeoisie; After, proletariat Conditions are hard for proletariat. Protests & demands for rights. New political ideologies (Marxism, Anarchism, Socialism)
Children working age?
Children working in the 21st century How old are they?
Last night, I had a dream. Everybody was equal Martin Luther King
César Chávez, defender of the Hispanic farm workers
1955, Alabama, Rosa Parks
Tunecinas, más iguales El País, septiembre 2012
Si lo natural es ser iguales, lo habitual es, sin embargo, que unos sean más iguales que otros George Orwell
Esto lo saben bien las mujeres; especialmente si son árabes en un país musulmán, donde ser iguales es una anomalía en peligro permanente de extinción.
La victoria electoral del partido islamista Ennhada en Túnez ha permitido el intento de introducir en la Constitución el principio de que la mujer es complementaria del hombre. What does it mean?
Fatma Nabil Un acto revolucionario
The women s movement Pages 41 & 42
Suffragate movement Page 44
The movement Mid-19 th century: John Stuart Mill & Harriet Taylor Mill wrote On the subjection of women (one of the starting points). In Great Britain & the USA some groups started fighting hard to achieve their rights.
Continuing the movement 1869, Wyoming: women obtained the suffrage (but it was not universal, black men and women could not vote). 1903 (important year): Emmeline Pankhurst set up Women s Social & Political Union. Clara Zetkin contribute to the creation of the International Socialist Women s Conference.
The suffrage, little by little 1893 in New Zealand. 1903 in Australia. Little by little, in other countries.
Mujeres, educación, sufragio Celia Amorós, El acta de nacimientos del feminismo Babelia, suplemento literario (septiembre 2012)
Los países anglosajones y los liderazgos políticos e intelectuales como los de John Stuart Mill y Harriet Taylor Mill impulsaron la lucha por el sufragio en el siglo XIX. La moción pro sufragio femenino se limitaba inicialmente a viudas y solteras, pero aun así no suscitó más que carcajadas de la Cámara de los Comunes de la que John Stuart Mill era diputado.
John Stuart Mill & Harriet Taylor Mill
Las líderes sufragistas más sobresalientes fueron en Estados Unidos, Elizabeth Stanton & Susan B. Anthony. Ellas oficiaron de promotoras de la llamada Declaración de Seneca Falls (1848).
La lucha sufragista fue más o menos dura en diversos lugares y momentos: sintetizando apresuradamente, afirmaremos que las mujeres accedieron al voto unos años después del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1945).
High bourgeoisie Middle bourgeoisie Low bourgeoisie Proletariat