A Trip Through Latin America The Age of Independence
Classroom Directions As students visit each loca5on, they will read the informa5on cards, view the images, and iden5fy the dates significant for the loca5on and their independence. Student handouts/notes should be completed at each loca5on. Wrap- up ques5ons may be used at the end of the lesson as a whole class review of the content or as a homework assignment for individual student assessment.
Haiti Independence declared in 1804
Reasons for Independence Hai5 had a majority popula5on of enslaved Africans who were forced to work the sugar and coffee planta5ons French planta5on owners were harsh and brutal in their treatment of the slaves Former slaves wanted rights and privileges as held by the French whites
The Independence Movement Francois Toussaint Louverture, a former slave, set fires to the sugarcane fields and burnt planta5on homes to the ground in revolt. Through his leadership, the slaves rose up and fought against the French for control of the island. The French sent in troops at Napoleon s order, and they captured Louverture, imprisoning him where he later died. But aper a few early successes, the French troops were overcome by yellow fever and were eventually defeated by the Hai5an rebels. The Hai5ans declared their independence in 1804.
Significant People Francois Toussaint- Louverture Napoleon
Mexico Independence declared in 1821
Reasons for Independence Many na5ves and mes5zos suffered from extreme poverty and living in horrible condi5ons Many groups wanted poli5cal freedom and ci5zen s rights Slavery kept many living with harsh and brutal treatment
The Independence Movement The independence in Mexico began with the leadership of Miguel Hidalgo who encouraged the Na5ves and Mes5zos to rise up and fight for their independence and liberty against he Spanish. Unfortunately, he was captured and executed by the Spanish in 1811. At that point, Jose Maria Morelos took over the leadership of the Mexicans against the Spanish, but he, too, was captured and executed in 1815. Finally, when the Mexican creoles felt they were threatened by the rebelliousness, they declared independence from Spain in 1821.
Significant People Miguel Hidalgo Jose Maria Morelos
Gran Columbia Independence declared in 1819
Reasons for Independence Creoles and others in the Spanish controlled colonies wanted the equality, liber5es, and freedoms they saw elsewhere Many felt isolated and neglected from their Spanish homeland as Spain was involved in other interna5onal conflicts
The Independence Movement The independence for many in Central America was gained through the work and leadership of two men. Simon Bolivar led many creoles and others from the north against the Spanish, while Jose de San Mar5n led the movement in the southern region. The Liberator Bolivar rallied up the people to fight the weakened Spanish, and this ba]le would last over 9 years, and up to 20 years for those in some of the region.
Significant People Simon Bolivar Jose de San Mar5n
Bolivia Independence declared in 1825
Reasons for Independence Many of the lower classes felt divided from the elite Spanish Spain neglected the region as it fought in other interna5onal conflicts Those with knowledge of the Enlightenment ideas were inspired to work for freedom, liberty, and equality
The Independence Movement Simon Bolivar was instrumental in leading the na5ve troops against the Spanish and the realistas (Spanish loyalists) in their struggle for independence. From one ba]le to another, and the fight for control of the major ci5es, Bolivar would not give up in his quest for their freedom from the colonial Empire. Finally, aper the significant Ba]le of Junin, and the final Ba]le of Ayacucho, the region declared independence from Spain and were able to create their own independent na5on. The new na5on was named aper Bolivar, but he declined the presidency, end encouraged it be awarded to General Antonio Jose de Sucre.
Significant People Simon Bolivar Antonio Jose de Sucre
Chile Independence declared in 1818
Reasons for Independence Extreme poverty among the common people of Chile made them want change Division among three main groups in Chile lep them in chaos for leadership A Secret Society, with Jose de San Mar5n par5cipa5ng, wanted to bring independence to Chile like in the other La5n American na5ons
The Independence Movement Jose de San Mar5n, with the help of Bernardo O Higgins, led the movement, first in secret mee5ng, for the independence of Chile. APer changes in Chilean leadership and costs to the wheat farming for the country from the numerous ba]les, San Mar5n was able to use various supporters from the movement to overtake the Spanish using guerilla warfare tac5cs and win independence for the people of Chile.
Significant People Jose de San Mar5n Bernardo O Higgins
Brazil Independence declared in 1822
Reasons for Independence The Portuguese King Joao transferred his rule to Brazil, and brought many reforms to the region from trade laws to bring more export and import business to Brazil to other liber5es such as educa5onal ins5tu5ons and self- governing opportuni5es The people of Brazil wanted to keep the reforms they had experienced under Joao once he returned to Portugal and were willing to fight to maintain them
The Independence Movement Unlike most of the other independence movements, Brazil saw independence mainly through the transfer of power to first King Joao and then to his son, Dom Pedro. These two leaders brought reforms in all areas of Brazilian life, including trade improvements, freedoms in government par5cipa5on, and opportuni5es for learning and advancement. As the Portuguese a]empted to take over the colony again, Dom Pedro stood firm to support what his father had started, and declared independence for Brazil in September 1822 when he was names Emperor of the new na5on. As a cons5tu5onal monarchy, the na5on maintained itself against the Portuguese un5l they finally acknowledged Brazil s independence.
Significant People King Joao Dom Pedro
Latin American Independence As you visit each loca5on, document the informa5on on the independence movement for that na5on. Hai$ Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence: Mexico Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence:
Latin American Independence As you visit each loca5on, document the informa5on on the independence movement for that na5on. Colombia Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence: Bolivia Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence:
Latin American Independence As you visit each loca5on, document the informa5on on the independence movement for that na5on. Chile Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence: Brazil Reasons for Independence: Events leading to Independence: Significant People: Date of Independence:
Latin American Independence Complete these ques5ons aper visi5ng all of the La5n American loca5ons. For what common reasons did the La$n American na$ons seek independence? What methods were used by the La$n Americans in their quest for independence? How did significant individuals play a role in the independence movements?
Latin American Independence Complete these ques5ons aper visi5ng all of the La5n American loca5ons. What changes can you predict for the La$n American na$ons amer their gaining independence?? Describe how the different revolu$ons around the world influenced the La$n American na$ons in their own revolu$ons. Which na$ons independence movement do you think was most influen$al? Why?