WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer Subject(s) Social Studies Conceptual Lenses Grade/Course American History 1 Conflict Unit of Study Unit 4: Political Conflict, Industrialization, and Reform (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 8.1, 8.3, 8.4) Sectionalism Innovation Unit Title Political Conflict, Industrialization, and Reform Reform Pacing 15 Days Unit Overview Using the lenses of conflict, sectionalism, innovation, and reform, the fifth unit of American History 1 examines how United States transitioned from an Era of Good Feelings to an era of political conflict and changes resulting from industrialization and social reform. Political Conflict (1824-1850) The election of 1824 sets the stage for political conflict. With no one candidate receiving enough electoral votes to win the presidency, the House of Representatives must choose the president. Though Andrew Jackson won the most popular votes, John Q. Adams was awarded the presidency after an agreement was made with Henry Clay, referred to as a corrupt bargain. Political turmoil ensued and the one-party system dissolved. New political parties, the Democrats and the Democratic-Republicans were formed. Jackson, head of the new Democratic party, quickly vowed to ruin John Q. Adams presidency and win election in 1828, which he did. Thus, the era of Jacksonian Democracy began. As president, Jackson was marked by conflict over the power and authority of the executive branch. Andrew Jackson came from humble beginnings, which resonated with the common man and would lead to increased rights for poor white American males. During his terms in office, he faced a nullification crisis over the Tariff of 1828. Although the nullification crisis was resolved, the underlying issue of state s rights remained. Wielding his power and authority as president, Jackson set out to destroy the Second Bank of the United States and move American Indians* onto reservations. After two terms in office, he was judged by his opponents as a tyrant. But, his power was still strong and he handpicked his successor. Unfortunately for Jackson s successor, Martin Van Buren, Jackson s move to destroy the Second Bank of the United States led to a financial crisis: the Panic of 1837. Industrialization (1790-1869) Although the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, it eventually made its way to the United States. As a result, new technologies were developed and utilized within the United States spurring development and increasing regional differences. With support of from the United States government with programs like the American System, the infrastructure of the United States was improved. Key to the American System was the construction of the Erie Canal, which opened up trade routes to the Great Lakes, and national roads, which increased regional trade. Innovative ideas and inventions, like the Lowell System and cotton gin*, increased opportunities of some, while negatively impacting others. Overall, the new innovations had a tremendous impact on the overall living conditions of most Americans.
Reforms and Movements (1790-1850) By the 1820s, some Americans began to question the validity of all men created equal as proposed by the Declaration of Independence and explore their idea of the American Dream. This new social awareness was inspired by the late 18 th century s Second Great Awakening. As a result, this era is characterized by many Americans seeking to improve society via social reform movements. These movements included: education, temperance, the treatment of the mentally ill, abolitionism*, and women s rights. In addition, this time period also marks the emergence of an American cultural identity best demonstrated by the American Renaissance and the rise of transcendentalism. All of these political and social changes were occurring against the backdrop of an increasing sense of sectionalism developing in the U.S. over the issue of slavery, differing paths, and the role of the federal government. * Native American removal will come back in Unit 5: Manifest Destiny with objective 3.3, 3.4, 4.4, and 8.2. In this unit, you are looking at Native American removal policy only. This is just a brief introduction. * Cotton production, slavery and abolitionism will come back in Unit 5: Manifest Destiny and Unit 6: A House Divided. In this unit, you are looking at cotton production and its impact on slavery as part of the technological innovation with objective 8.1. And, you are looking at abolitionism as part of the reform movements with objectives 4.3 and 8.4. * Western agriculture will come back in Unit 5: Manifest Destiny. In this unit, you are looking at how new technologies that will be used in western agriculture with objective 8.1. Unit Enduring Understanding(s) 1. Political and conflict can lead to sectionalism. 2. Innovation can impact the economy and cultural of a nation. 3. Reform movements are often developed to address inequalities and improve people s lives. Unit Essential Question(s) 1. How can political and conflict lead to sectionalism? 2. extent can innovation impact the economy and culture of a nation? 3. How do reform movements attempt to address inequalities and improve people s lives?
Essential State Standards Priority Objectives AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.3 Analyze the social and religious conflicts, movements and reforms that affected the United States from colonization through Reconstruction in terms of participants, strategies, oppositions, and results. AH1.H.4.4 Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. Supporting Objectives AH1.H.5.1 Summarize how the philosophical, ideological and/or religious views on freedom and equality contributed to the development of American political and systems through reconstruction. AH1.H.5.2 Explain how judicial, legislative and executive actions have affected the distribution o f power between levels of government from colonization through Reconstruction. AH1.H.6.1 Explain how national and political interests helped set the direction of United States foreign policy from independence through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.2 Explain how opportunity and mobility impacted various groups within American society through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.1 Analyze the relationship between innovation, development, progress, and various perceptions of the American Dream through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream. AH1.H.8.4 Analyze multiple perceptions of the American Dream in times of prosperity and crisis through Reconstruction. *Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2 (turning points) are included in every unit.
Unpacked Concepts (students need to know) AH1.H.4.1 the social and religious conflicts, movements and reforms that affected the United in terms of participants, strategies, oppositions, and results AH1.H.4.2 the issues and conflicts that impacted the United States and the compromises that resulted AH1.H.4.3 the social and religious conflicts, movements and reforms that affected the United States in terms of participants, strategies, oppositions, and results Unpacked Skills (students need to be able to do) AH1.H.4.1 Analyze (affect) AH1.H.4.2 Analyze (impact) AH1.H.4.3 Analyze (affect) COGNITION (RBT Level) AH1.H.4.1 Analyzing AH1.H.4.2 Analyzing AH1.H.4.3 Analyzing AH1.H.4.4 the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States and the compromises that resulted AH1.H.8.1 the relationship between innovation, development, progress, and various perceptions of the American Dream AH1.H.8.3 the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream AH1.H.8.4 multiple perceptions of the American Dream in times of prosperity and crisis AH1.H.4.4 Analyze (impact) AH1.H.8.1 Analyze (relationship) AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate (extent) AH1.H.8.4 Analyze (perceptions) AH1.H.4.4 Analyzing AH1.H.8.1 Analyzing AH1.H.8.3 Evaluating AH1.H.8.4 Analyzing
Standard(s) Unit Chunking & Enduring Understandings Suggested Lesson Essential Questions Possible Factual Content (Bold Found in Standards) Example(s) From Unpacked Standard AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream. Political Conflict (1824-1850) Elections can significantly change politics and society. The personal experiences of a leader can shape their politics and how they are viewed by the public. How did the elections of 1824 and 1828 change the political dynamics in the United States? extent did Jackson s personal life experiences impact his politics and lead to increased rights for the common man? Campaigns and Elections - 1824-1828 Political Issues and Conflicts - contemporary domestic issues * distribution of power * scandal - Jacksonian Democracy - political parties * Democrats * Whigs Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun - South Carolina Exposition and Protest Henry Clay Daniel Webster Corrupt Bargain Universal White Male Suffrage Popular Campaigning Spoils System Andrew Jackson Cultural Issues and Conflicts - perception of the American Dream * individual rights * equal protection * property rights - common man - Jacksonian How differences in opinion over the power and authority of the national government led to the creation, development, and evolution of American political parties and platforms. To what extent Jacksonian Democracy benefited the common man.
AH1.H.8.4 Analyze multiple perceptions of the American Dream in times of prosperity and crisis through Reconstruction. Democracy - political parties * Democrats * Whigs - American Indians * government policies * This unit will briefly introduces government policies regarding Native American removal. A more in-depth discussion on all aspects of Native American removal will come in Unit 5. A leader s policies may lead to sectional tensions. How did Jackson s policies contribute to sectional tensions and debates about state s rights? Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Daniel Webster Economic Issues and Conflicts - American System - cyclical nature of economies - sectional tension * regional differences * Tariff of 1828 - National Bank / Bank of the United States Political Issues and Conflicts - contemporary domestic issues * nullification * state s rights * distribution of power * scandal - Jacksonian Democracy - political parties * Democrats extent the national government s policy on behalf of a national bank and tariffs, contributed to sectional tension and state s rights debates. How southerners and politicians defended state s rights, slavery, and the idea of nullification at times of sectional tension and political debate.
* Whigs - sectional tension Spoils System Webster-Hayne Debates Bank War Pet Banks Peggy Eaton Political and policies may have unintended consequences. How did Jackson s political and policies impact the presidents that immediately succeeded him? Economic Issues and Conflicts - American System - cyclical nature of economies - sectional tension * regional differences - Panic of 1837 Political Issues and Conflicts - contemporary domestic issues * state s rights * distribution of power * scandal - sectional tension * Compromise of 1850 A leader s response to contemporary issues can result in political conflict or compromise. An economies cyclical nature may challenge individuals, groups and a nation. AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.4 Industrialization (1790-1869) An industrial revolution in one nation can impact the development in other nations. How did Great Britain s industrial revolution impact the United States? Market / Industrial Revolution (early) - innovation / inventions / technologies * influence from Great Britain * solve problems but create new ones - development * government policies promoting How and why the late 18 th century Industrial Revolution and emergence of new technologies began in Great Britain and the extent it impacted the development of the United States.
Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.8.1 - influence on * cottage industry * factory system * American System * American Dream ~ individual risks, aspirations, ingenuity Analyze the relationship between innovation, development, progress, and various perceptions of the American Dream through Reconstruction. Governments may create policies that encourage growth and development. How did the increase of infrastructure within the United States impact the economy? Market / Industrial Revolution (early) - innovation / inventions / technologies * solve problems but create new ones - development * government policies promoting - progress - influence on * cottage industry * factory system * American System * Lowell System and other mill towns * transportation and communication ~ national telegraph ~ Erie Canal ~ railroad system ~ steamships Transportation Revolution Turnpikes and Roads How the Erie Canal impacted the development and cultural progress of the United States.
A nation s development often varies by region which often leads to sectional interests. How can development as a result of new innovation lead to increase sectionalism? American Industrial Sector - innovations * coal powered steam engine * textile machines * iron production * Erie Canal - expansion of markets American Agricultural Sector - innovations * cotton gin * barbed wire * farm implements - regional differences * southern plantations * subsistence farming * western agriculture Samuel Slater Interchangeable Parts How the development of the American industrial sector, new innovations and the expansion of markets impacted regional economies. How the development of the American agricultural sector varied by region. * Regarding cotton and slavery, this we are just discussing them here in reference to technology development. They will be discussed further in Unit 6. * Regarding western agriculture and some innovations that take place past the 1850 mark, we are just discussing them and planting seeds for Unit 5 and American 2,
where these will be brought up and discussed again. Different groups of people may be affected in different ways by growth. extent did the early industrial revolution influence various cultural groups? Market / Industrial Revolution (early) - innovation / inventions / technologies * solve problems but create new ones - development * effect on different groups ~ women ~ slaves - influence on * cottage industry * factory system * Lowell System ~ Lowell Girls * American Dream Labor Union * Commonwealth v. Hunt Immigration extent the Market / Industrial Revolution influenced various cultural groups. * Further discussion on immigrants and nativism will occur in Unit 5. Individual risks, aspirations and ingenuity often lead to innovation, development and progress. did innovations improve living conditions for Americans? Market / Industrial Revolution (early) - innovation / inventions / technologies * solve problems but create new ones - progress * improved living conditions How, why and to what extent American innovations before the Civil War improved living Conditions for Americans.
~ indoor plumbing ~ vulcanized rubber ~ gas lighting ~ sewing machines ~ sewer systems ~ typewriter * improved transportation and communication ~ national telegraph + telephone ~ Erie Canal ~ railroad system + air brakes + steam turbines ~ steamships Samuel Slater Interchangeable Parts AH1.H.4.3 Analyze the social and religious conflicts, movements and reforms that affected the United States from colonization through Reconstruction in terms of participants, strategies, oppositions, and results. AH1.H.4.4 Reforms and Movements (1790-1850) Individuals and groups inspired by religious values will sometimes lead and participate in social reform movements. extent did the Second Great Awakening influence other social reform movements? 2 nd Great Awakening - influence on other social reform * abolitionism - participants *leadership - strategies * degree of success * opposition - results - reasons * ideals between nation and people conflict * desire for selfimprovement Charles G. Finney extent the Second Great Awakening influenced various cultural groups. extent the Second Great Awakening influenced the onset of 19 th Century social reform movements.
Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream. AH1.H.8.4 Analyze multiple perceptions of the American Dream in times of prosperity and crisis through Reconstruction. Social reform movements can lead to division within a society. How did the abolitionist movement result in increased sectional tensions within the United States? Abolitionism - influence from 2 nd Great Awakening - participants * Frederick Douglas ~ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas * William Lloyd Garrison ~ The Liberator * Sojourner Truth * Phyllis Whitley * Harriet Jacobs * American Anti- Slavery Society - strategies * pamphlets, newspapers, speeches * degree of success * opposition - reasons * equal treatment * fundamental fairness * inalienable rights - influence as a result of change - reaction to all men are created equal The significance of the abolitionist movement in the United States through contributions of major leaders and participants, their strategies and opposition, and the result of their efforts. How slaves and freedmen reacted to the proposition that all men are created equal during the era of American Slavery. * Discussion about abolition will be more in depth with Unit 6.
Movements for change and reform often become necessary when the relationship between a nation and its ideals are conflicting. How did women react to the promise that all men are created equal in the absence of gender rights? Women - participants * Elizabeth Cady Stanton * Lucretia Mott * Susan B. Anthony * Lucy Stone * Sojourner Truth ~ Ain t I a Woman * Sarah and Angelina Grimke - strategies * degree of success * opposition * Seneca Falls Convention ~ Declaration of Sentiments - results - reasons * ideals between nation and people conflict * desire for selfimprovement * equal protection under the law * equal treatment * fundamental fairness * prohibit discrimination * inalienable rights - influence as a result of change - reaction to all men are created equal Republican Motherhood The significance of the women s rights movement in the United States through contributions of major leaders and participants, their strategies and opposition, and the result of their efforts. How, why and to what extent the ideals of American womanhood changed from republican motherhood at the time of the American Revolution to the cult of domesticity at the start of the Civil War.
Cult of Domesticity Social reform movements can impact culture and society. How did Romanticism and Transcendentalism impact American culture and society? Romanticism - participants * Philip Freneau * Nathaniel Hawthorne * Harriet Beecher Stowe * Washington Irving - Knickerbockers Transcendentalism - participants * Walt Whitman * Ralph Waldo Emerson - results * Utopian Community * Brook Farm * Oneida Community * Shakers and New Harmony - reflection of the virtues of common people and individualism - perspective of American Dream American Renaissance James Fenimore Cooper Hudson River School Webster s Dictionary To what extent 19 th century utopian societies fulfilled their idea of the American Dream. extent the 19 th Century romantic movement of thought, literature and the arts reflected individualism and the virtues of common people. The strategies used to achieve reform produce varying degrees of success and opposition. To what extent were the various reform movements of the 19 th Century successful in created a more democratic and inclusive society? Mental Illness / Prison / Education / Temperance - participants * Dorothea Dix - Memorial to the The significance of other major reform movements in the United States, such as asylum/mental illness reform,
Legislature of Massachusetts * Horace Mann - strategies * degree of success * opposition - results - reasons * ideals between nation and people conflict * desire for selfimprovement * common good * equal protection under the law * equal treatment * fundamental fairness * prohibit discrimination * inalienable rights McGuffey Reader Neal Dow Maine Laws prison reform, education reform and temperance through contributions of major leaders and participants, their strategies and opposition, and the result of their efforts. To what extent the United States became a more democratic and inclusive society because of the reform movements of the min 19 th Century. *Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2 (turning points) are included in every unit. i.e.: How was the election of 1824 a turning point in American History? HISTORY Change Leadership GEOGRAPHY Movement Region CIVICS & GOVERNMENT Politics Individual Rights Power Freedom Authority ECONOMICS Trade CULTURE Culture Society Values and Beliefs
Historical Thinking and Geography Skill Resources Straight Ahead Uphill Mountainous Historical Thinking Geography Skills General Unit Resources. Straight Ahead Uphill Mountainous Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues. Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues. Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues. Text differentiation symbols: Texts will be categorized in teacher resource documents as Straight Ahead (less challenging for struggling readers), Uphill (having some challenging words and more complex sentence structure that is appropriate for on-grade level readers), or Mountainous (containing challenging vocabulary, complex sentences, and more abstract ideas).